battle of antietam (sharpsburg): sept 17, 1862 significance? -lee invasion of north repelled...
TRANSCRIPT
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862
Significance?-Lee invasion of North repelled
-Bloodiest day in US history-Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation
-Change from McClellan to Burnside
The origin of the term “sideburns”
Battle of Fredericksburg:
December 15, 1862
Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862
The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.
Known as the Union’s biggest “folly”
War Room!
• Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond).
• Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point
Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862
Significance?
-Union embarrassed…again!
-Prompts more leadership changes with Union
(Burnside to Joe Hooker)
Battle of Chancellorsville:
May 6, 1863
Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863
Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863
Significance?
-Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size)
-Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire
Battle of Gettysburg:July 1-3, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863
Significance?
- Lee’s second invasion was thwarted
-20k more Union casualties, but turning point in war for South
Siege of Vicksburg:July 4, 1863
Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863
Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863
Significance?
-Union now controls Mississippi River
-Grant made commander of Army of Potomac
Sherman’s March to the Sea:
Nov – Dec, 1864
The Civil War
In July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg & gained control of the Mississippi River
Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1st
real victory in the east
Due to Grant’s success in the west, Lincoln made Grant supreme commander of Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts
Grant began a siege on Richmond and…
William Sherman began his “march to the sea” (Atlanta to Savannah) & destroyed everything of military value
“Sherman’s Neckties”
Significance?
-Demoralizes the South
- Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)
Andersonville Prison:Dec, 1864
1. Bell Isle—Richmond, Virginia2. Cahaba Prison—Cahaba, Alabama3. Camp Chase—Columbus, Ohio4. Camp Douglas—Chicago, Illinois5. Camp Florence—Florence, South Carolina6. Camp Lawton—Millen, Georgia7. Camp Morton—Indianapolis, Indiana8. Camp Sumter—Andersonville, Georgia
9. Castle Pickney—Charleston, S.C.10. Elmira Prison—Elmira, New York11. Johnson's Island—Sandusky, Ohio12. Libby Prison—Richmond, Virginia13. Old Capitol Prison—Washington, D.C.14. Point Lookout—Point Lookout, MD15. Rock Island—Rock Island, Illinois16. Salisbury—Salisbury, North Carolina
MAP 1: Civil War Prison Camps
Prisoners were exchanged on the following basis:
1 general = 46 privates1 major general = 40 privates1 brigadier general = 20 privates1 colonel = 15 privates1 lieutenant colonel = 10 privates1 major = 8 privates1 captain = 6 privates1 lieutenant = 4 privates1 noncommissioned officer = 2 privates
(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)
(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)
FUN FACT !!!
Roughly 5% of those fighting on Civil War
battlefields would die on the battlefield. Roughly
14% of those entering Civil War prison camps would
die while in prison camps.
Which would you prefer?
CONCLUSION:• Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865. • Some former prisoners remained in federal service, but most returned to their prewar civilian occupations. • Andersonville Prison continues to symbolize the prisoner of war experience: physical and mental suffering and the need to cope with almost intolerable conditions.
Significance?
-CSA prison camp where 45,000 Union POWs were held
-Represents the physical/mental suffering of war
Battle of Appomattox Courthouse:April 9, 1865
On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse,
ending the fighting of Civil War
Significance?
-Lee surrenders to Grant, ending the war- Lincoln will be assassinated just 6 days later
Military Leadership During the Civil War
Both graduates of West Point Academy
Both fearless, decisive on battlefield
Grant 7th commanding Union general
Lee commanding general throughout
Slob in nature, messy Refined, always professional
Both fought Mexican-American War
“Unconditional Surrender”
Brilliant Strategist in battle
An unknown at war’s start
Asked to lead UNION army, helped VA
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