2/2/2015 BatteryroomWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

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Batteryroom

BatteryroomFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Abatteryroomisaroominafacilityusedtohousebatteriesforbackuporuninterruptiblepowersystems.Batteryroomsarefoundintelecommunicationcentraloffices,andtoprovidestandbypowertocomputingequipmentindatacenters.Batteriesprovidedirectcurrent(DC)electricity,whichmaybeuseddirectlybysometypesofequipment,orwhichmaybeconvertedtoalternatingcurrent(AC)byuninterruptiblepowersupply(UPS)equipment.Thebatteriesmayprovidepowerforminutes,hoursordaysdependingontheelectricalsystemdesign,althoughmostcommonlythebatteriespowertheUPSduringbriefelectricutilityoutageslastingonlyseconds.

Batteryroomswereusedtosegregatethefumesandcorrosivechemicalsofwetcellbatteriesfromtheoperatingequipmentaseparateroomalsoallowedbettercontroloftemperatureandventilationforthebatteries.In1890theWesternUnioncentraltelegraphofficeinNewYorkCityhad20,000wetcells,mostlyprimaryzinccoppertype,inuse.[1]

Contents

1Telecommunications2Electricalutilities3Submarinesandoceangoingvessels4Designissues5References6Furtherreading

Telecommunications

Telephonesystemcentralofficescontainlargebatterysystemstoprovidepowerforcustomertelephones,telephoneswitches,andrelatedapparatus.[2]Terrestrialmicrowavelinks,cellulartelephonesites,fibreopticapparatusandsatellitecommunicationsfacilitiesalsohavestandbybatterysystems,whichmaybelargeenoughtooccupyaseparateroominthebuilding.Innormaloperationpowerfromthelocalcommercialutilityoperatestelecommunicationequipment,andbatteriesprovidepowerifthenormalsupplyisinterrupted.Thesecanbesizedfortheexpectedfulldurationofaninterruption,ormayberequiredonlytoprovidepowerwhileastandbygeneratorsetorotheremergencypowersupplyisstarted.

Batteriesoftenusedinbatteryroomsarethefloodedleadacidbattery,thevalveregulatedleadacidbatteryorthenickelcadmiumbattery.Batteriesareinstalledingroups.SeveralbatteriesarewiredtogetherinaseriescircuitformingagroupprovidingDCelectricpowerat12,24,48or60volts(orhigher).Usuallytherearetwoormoregroupsofseriesconnectedbatteries.Thesegroupsofbatteriesareconnectedinaparallelcircuit.Thisarrangementallowsanindividualgroupofbatteriestobetakenofflineforserviceorreplacementwithoutcompromisingtheavailabilityofuninterruptiblepower.Generally,thelargerthebatteryroom'selectricalcapacity,thelargerthesizeofeachindividualbatteryandthehighertheroom'sDCvoltage.

Electricalutilities

Batteryroomsarealsofoundinelectricpowerplantsandsubstationswherereliablepowerisrequiredforoperationofswitchgear,criticalstandbysystems,andpossiblyblackstartofthestation.Oftenbatteriesforlargeswitchgearlineupsare125Vor250Vnominalsystems,andfeatureredundantbatterychargerswithindependentpowersources.Separatebatteryroomsmaybeprovidedtoprotectagainstlossofthestationduetoafireinabatterybank.Forstationsthatarecapableofblackstart,powerfromthebatterysystemmayberequiredformanypurposesincludingswitchgearoperations.

Theworld'slargestbatteryisinFairbanks,Alaska,composedofNiCdcells.[3]Sodiumsulfurbatteriesarebeingusedtostorewindpower.[4]

Submarinesandoceangoingvessels

Batteryroomsarefoundondieselelectricsubmarines,wheretheycontaintheleadacidbatteriesusedforunderseapropulsionofthevessel.Evennuclearsubmarinescontainlargebatteryroomsasbackupstoprovidemaneuveringpowerifthenuclearreactorisshutdown.Batteriesinsurfacevesselsmayalsobecontainedinabatteryroom.

Batteryroomsonoceangoingvesselsmustpreventseawaterfromcontactingbatteryacid,asthiscouldproducetoxicchlorinegas.[5]Thisisofparticularconcernonsubmarines.[6]

Designissues

Sinceseveraltypesofsecondarybatteriesgiveoffhydrogenandoxygenifovercharged,ventilationofabatteryroomiscriticaltomaintaintheconcentrationbelowthelowerexplosivelimit.

Thelifespanofsecondarybatteriesisreducedathightemperatureandtheenergystoragecapacityisreducedatlowtemperature,soabatteryroommusthaveheatingorcoolingtomaintainthepropertemperature.

Batteriesmaycontainlargequantitiesofcorrosiveelectrolytessuchassulfuricacidusedinleadacidbatteriesorcausticpotash(akapotassiumhydroxide)usedinNiCadbatteries.Materialsofthebatteryroommustresistcorrosionandcontainanyaccidentalspills.Plantpersonnelmustbeprotectedfromspilledelectrolyte.Insomejurisdictions,largebatterysystemsmaycontainreportableamountsofsulfuricacid,aconcernforfiredepartments.[2]Batteryroomsinindustrialandutilityinstallationstypicallyhaveaneyewashstationordecontaminationshowersnearby,sothatworkerswhoareaccidentallysplashedwithelectrolytecanimmediatelywashitawayfromtheeyesandskin.

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References

1. ^http://books.google.com/books?id=NpQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA425&dq=%22battery+room%22&hl=en&ei=9jZATurFMMOs8QOxn8HHBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=%22battery%20room%22&f=falseTheElectricalEngineer,October25,1890page425

2. ^abNationalFireProtectionAssociation,FireProtectionHandbookEighteenthEdition,NFPA1997ISBN0877653771pp.919992033. ^Conway,E.(2September2008)"World'sbiggestbatteryswitchedoninAlaska"(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/3312118/World%27sbiggestbatteryswitchedon

inAlaska.html)Telegraph.co.uk4. ^Biello,D.(December22,2008)"StoringtheBreeze:NewBatteryMightMakeWindPowerMoreReliable"(http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=storingthebreezenewbattery

mightmakewindpowerreliable)ScientificAmerican5. ^NormanFriedmanU.S.SubmarinesThrough1945:AnIllustratedDesignHistory,NavalInstitutePress,1995ISBN1557502633,p.3616. ^NationalResearchCouncil(U.S.),ReviewofSubmarineEscapeActionLevelsforSelectedChemicals(http://books.google.com/books?

id=eUcWSXV02YQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Review+of+Submarine+Escape+Action+Levels+for+Selected+Chemicals&source=bl&ots=HYHwYkPcK1&sig=o0OfXbu5Ec9DMjPV4CeGnZZpGw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t6tYUNzoEIvh0wGq34DgCg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false),NationalAcademiesPress,2002ISBN0309082943,page2

Furtherreading

Kusko,Alexander(1989).Emergency/StandbyPowerSystems,pp.99117.NewYork:McGrawHillBookCo.,ISBN0070356890.NationalFireProtectionAssociation(2005).'NFPA111:StandardonStoredElectricalEnergyEmergencyandStandbyPower'

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