batterjee medical college. dr. manal el said chlamydiae head of medical microbiology department
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Batterjee Medical College
Batterjee Medical College
Dr. Manal El SaidDr. Manal El Said
Chlamydiae
Head of Medical Microbiology Department
Batterjee Medical College
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
Diseases
Characteristics
• Nongonococcal urethritis• Cervicitis• Inclusion conjunctivitis• Lymphogranuloma venereum• Trachoma. • Pneumonia in infants.
• Obligate intracellular parasites. • Not seen on Gram-stained smear.• Exists as inactive elementary body extracellularly & metabolically active, dividing reticulate body intracellularly.
Batterjee Medical College
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
Batterjee Medical College
Habitat and Transmission
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
Pathogenesis
• Habitat is human genital tract & eyes.
• Transmission is by sexual contact & during passage of
neonate through birth canal.
• Transmission in trachoma is by hand-to-eye contact.
No toxins or virulence factors known.
Batterjee Medical College
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
Pathogenesis
Batterjee Medical College
Laboratory Diagnosis
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
• Cytoplasmic inclusions on Giemsa-stained or fluorescent
antibody–stained smear.
• Glycogen-filled cytoplasmic inclusions can be visualized
with iodine.
• Organism grows in cell culture & embryonated eggs.
• PCR-based assay & ELISA using patient's urine
Batterjee Medical College
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
Laboratory Diagnosis
Batterjee Medical College
Treatment
1-Chlamydia trachomatis
•Tetracycline (such as doxycycline)
• Macrolide (such as azithromycin).
• Erythromycin effective in infected mother to prevent
neonatal disease.
• No vaccine is available.
Prevention
Batterjee Medical College
2-Chlamydia pneumoniae
Diseases
Characteristics
Atypical pneumonia.
Same as C. trachomatis.
• Habitat is human respiratory tract.
• Transmission is by respiratory aerosol.
Habitat and Transmission
Batterjee Medical College
2-Chlamydia pneumoniae
Batterjee Medical College
Pathogenesis
2-Chlamydia pneumoniae
No toxins or virulence factors known.
Serologic tests for antibody in patient's serum.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Tetracycline, such as doxycycline.
Treatment
Prevention
No vaccine or drug is available.
Batterjee Medical College
3-Chlamydia psittaci
Diseases
Psittacosis.
• Symptoms range from inapparent illness to systemic illness
with severe pneumonia.
• It presents as atypical pneumonia.
• In 1st week symptoms are: prostrating high fevers,
arthralgias, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, epistaxis & leukopenia.
• Rose spots (Horder's spotscan) appear.
• Splenomegaly is frequent toward end of 1st week.
Batterjee Medical College
Characteristics
3-Chlamydia psittaci
Same as C. trachomatis.
Habitat and Transmission
• Habitat is birds (psittacine & others).
• Transmission is via aerosol of dried bird feces.
Batterjee Medical College
3-Chlamydia psittaci
Pathogenesis
No toxins or virulence factors known.
Laboratory Diagnosis
• Diagnosis made by testing for antibodies in patient's serum.
• Cytoplasmic inclusion seen by Giemsa or fluorescent
antibody staining.
• Organism can be isolated from sputum (rarely done).
Batterjee Medical College
3-Chlamydia psittaci
Treatment
Prevention
Tetracycline.
No vaccine or drug is available.