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Basma Y. Kentab MSc. / Ghada Bawazeer PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy Department September 2014

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Objectives Define self-care Describe types of self-care Identify factors for reliance on self-medication Identify the different options for self medication Understand the influences on self-medication Understand the concept of Rx-to-OTC switch & BTC drugs Describe the factors involved in the safe use of OTC drugs Describe pharmacist role in caring for patients seeking self- care

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Self Care The independent act of preventing, diagnosing, and treating one's illnesses without seeking professional advice Involves that a single individual from the household usually plays a leading role in adopting a course of action.

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Types of Self-Care Preventive self care Involves maintaining well-being and appearance through exercise and a healthy lifestyle, multivitamins, herbal products Sickness self care Involves diagnosing conditions and obtaining products for the goal of mitigating illness and relieving symptoms Diet, home devices, non-prescription medications

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What Type of Self-Care Is This?? Preventive self care Sickness self care Using a first-aid bandage Chicken broth Use of Orlistat Regular exercise Taking vitamins Using home blood glucose meters

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Reflective Question What resources an average individual use to advise him/her on self care issues

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Patient empow erment Abundance of Info Abundance of Products

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Number of Health and Beauty Care (HBC) Products in 2006

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Self-Medication Factors influencing self-medication include: 1) Growth of the aging population 2) Restricted access to prescribers 3) Increasing costs of health care 4) High proportion of underinsured or uninsured people 5) Easy access, convenience, and cost-effectiveness

Slide 10 80% were satisfied with the nonprescription medications they used to treat their most recent health problems 87% believe that nonprescription medications are safe when used as directed.">

"Self-Care in the New Millennium" Survey, USA 2002 59% took at least one nonprescription medication in the preceding 6 months 73% would rather attempt to treat their own condition than go to a physician >80% were satisfied with the nonprescription medications they used to treat their most recent health problems 87% believe that nonprescription medications are safe when used as directed.

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"Self-Care in the New Millennium" Survey, USA 2002 Conditions commonly treated : Pain (78%). Cough/cold/flu/sore throat (52%). Allergy/sinus problems (45%). Heartburn, indigestion (37%). Constipation/diarrhea/gas (21%). Minor infections (12%). Skin problems (10%).

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Options For Self-Medication Nonprescription medications Nutritional dietary supplements Natural products & homeopathic remedies

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Non-Prescription Medications Regulated by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, a division of FDA Held to the same standards of drug product formulation (e.g. purity and stability), labeling, and safety (benefits outweigh risks) as those for prescription medications Sales are not limited to pharmacies

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Non-Prescription Medications FDA has final authority to categorize a medication as prescription or nonprescription (1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment) Characteristics of nonprescription medications: have a low potential for misuse and abuse; patients can use them for self-diagnosed conditions are adequately labeled do not require access to a health care provider for safe and effective use

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2010 Sales of US Nonprescription Drugs

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Nutritional Dietary Supplements Products that are intended to supplement the diet and that bear or contain one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin a mineral an herb an amino acid

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Nutritional Dietary Supplements Regulated by The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) (1994) A 2010 survey showed that just over 50% of persons ages 20 years and older used a dietary supplement in the previous month

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Natural Products & Homeopathic Remedies Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) Approximately 38% of adults and 12% of children reported receiving some form of CAM therapy in 2007 Most common forms of CAM therapy were: natural products (18%) deep breathing (13%) meditation (9%) chiropractic and osteopathic care (9%) massage (8%) yoga (6%)

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Influences on Self-Medication Avoidance of costs associated with primary care provider visit Pharmacists can help by triaging Costs

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Influences on Self-Medication Increased use can be attributed to: Conditions for which nonprescription medications are used become more prevalent Nonprescription medications provide low-cost alternatives Accessibility to pharmacists in the community setting Risk: safety concerns for elderly patients because of the greater likelihood for interactions Aging Population

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Influences on Self-Medication A survey showed that women were more likely (82%) than men (71%) to report use Increasing population of older women should increase demand for nonprescription products Gender-specific self-medication concerns include using OTC drugs during pregnancy & lactation Gender Differences

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Benefits of Nonprescription Products Numerous conditions can be treated effectively Products can be kept in the home to provide quick access A variety of products and dosage forms allows patients to select the best choice to meet their needs Can be used to manage a condition or disease while waiting to see a health care provider

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BenefitSafety

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Internet Pharmacies and Web-Based Drug Information Easily and rapidly accessible from ones home Common among: Women,