Ancient Egyptian CivilizationBy: Maryam Shafiekhorassani, Safa Hijazi, Doaa Basma

Time period:

❖ They emerged at 3200 BC❖ Very stable kingdoms that were separated by periods of

instability-1600-110 B.C.E❖ They were at their peak 2 million years ago when conquered

by rome❖ They fell at 300 BC ❖ Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom

Government:❖ Pharaoh was the king/ruler❖ Agriculture was the foundation of the government

and economy.❖ single ruler❖ Old kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom:➔ Old- 2700-2200 B.C.E.,Pharaoh set up central government,

pyramids and tombs built, age of pyramids.➔ Middle-2000-1800 B.C.E.,period of reunification, chaos,

disunity, literature, art, architecture➔ New-golden age, peace, stability❖ Pharaoh's right hand man- Vizio❖ Pharaoh owned everything

Economy:❖ Egypt=isolated from other areas, but when trade opportunities

came along they took those opportunities❖ Trade was important ❖ Pottery vases, linen, papyrus, gold vessels, ox hides, ropes,

lentils, and dried fish❖ Geo Pro: Nile River provided transportation❖ Geo Con: Isolation (desserts) made trade complicated❖ Social classes: noblemen, administrators, soldiers, personal attendants,

and a multitude of citizens❖ Economy depended on social class❖ successful economy in the Middle kingdom❖ Agriculture was the foundation of Egypt’s government and economy❖ people payed taxes in forms of crops❖ After the new kingdom, monetary(money,currency) economy was

established.

Geography:

❖ Located in North Africa and the Middle East.❖ It was along the Nile River❖ Today it is called Egypt and the area it’s in is the Middle East.❖ Water, topography, and vegetation greatly affected the

civilization in good and bad ways.❖ Water: Nile River- drinking source, food source❖ Topography- pros= plains for farming, cons= mountains-hard

to cross and settle on❖ Egypt was partially isolated from other regions due to nearby

desserts and such things.❖ They were exposed to the Nile River.

Beliefs:

❖ Religion played a central role in Egypt’s social and political order.❖ Pharaohs were believed to be gods.❖ They believed in afterlife:believed after Pharaoh's

death he lived an endless afterlife.❖ They believed in many gods (pharaohs)- polytheism

Technology:

❖ They were skilled in pottery, weaving, and metalworking❖ Messengers who ran on the roads were punished harshly if the message was not accurately delivered;rarely happened.❖ Inca built variety of bridges: suspension bridges

and pontoon bridges.❖ Main forms of medicine used by the Inca was the

coca leaf.❖ Inca developed aqueducts to bring fresh water into

town.❖ Basic unit of distance used by the Inca was one

pace or a "thatki".

Writing:

❖ Egyptian form of writing was called hieroglyphics.❖ Hieroglyphics began as pictures.❖ Farming and the growth of the cities created the need

for record keeping and accounting.❖ Developed shorthand and each picture would represent a

sound.❖ Example: If “sit” was a hieroglyphic and we would represent

it as a chair. When we write the word “situation” we would draw a chair to represent the first syllable of the word, which is how hieroglyphics work.

Contributions:

❖ They contributed to modern mathematics.❖ They gave us the The Great Pyramids of Giza which are

one of The 7 Wonders of The World.❖ The world's earliest surgery was developed by the

Egyptians .❖ They were the first to develop paper and granite tools.❖ They wrote on the Rosetta Stone.

Slavery:

❖There is very small amount of evidence that there was slavery.

❖The slaves were used and sold to different owners .

❖Pyramids were built by slaves and they were paid beer.

❖Egyptians treated them poorly but depend on their work .

❖They lived in mud brick houses with furniture that was usually woven mats.

❖Their daily meal had onions, cucumbers, fish, bread , peas, and lentils.

❖When they barely had food they had to boil a papyrus.

❖They had no spare time of their own.

Art/Architecture

❖ Artisans knew how to make many crafts.

❖ Some workers included are carpenters, jewelers, leather workers, metalworkers, painters, potters, sculptors, and weavers.

❖ Most artisans were men, but there were women too.

❖ They built the Pyramids.

❖ Rigid structures held pharaoh at the top, and slaves at the bottom.

Rise And Fall:

❖ Egypt was conquered by the Arabs In 600 A.D.❖ Egypt was ruled by the Ottoman Turks in 1500 A.D.❖ Egyptians control Nubia in 2000 B.C.❖ Started to rise in 3500 B.C when early settlers

settled in the Nile Valley. ❖ Persians Conquered Egypt in 600 A.D.❖ Conquered by Alexander the Great in 300 B.C.

Golden Age:

❖ Golden age was during 1600-1100 B.C.E.❖ There was peace and stability.❖ Pharaohs increased trade and monument building.❖ It ended after the death of the Pharaoh of that

kingdom.

Sources:

❖ Source 3

❖ Source 1

❖ Source 2

❖ Source 6

❖ Source 5

The End!