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Tendring District Council

2012 Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment for Tendring District Council In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

AMEC Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited

May 2012

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Document Revisions

No. Details Date

1 Draft 25 April 2012

2 Final 10 May 2012

© AMEC Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited May 2012 Doc Reg No. 32244/Tendring/Final Report

iv

Local Authority Officer Andy Rutson Edwards

Department Public Experience

Address

Tendring District Council Council Offices Thorpe Road Weeley CO16 9AJ

Telephone 01255 686761

e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number

32244/Tendring/Final Report

Date May 2012


v

Executive Summary

Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) are likely to be achieved.

An Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) identifies any significant changes that may have occurred since the last round of Review and Assessment. The USA considers new monitoring data and emissions sources to determine whether there is a requirement for a Detailed Assessment for any of the pollutants applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM).

The USA for Tendring District Council concludes that a Detailed Assessment or any additional monitoring is not required for any pollutant. Indeed, the monitoring undertaken within the District has shown that there are no exceedences of the AQOs.

The next action for Tendring District Council will be to submit a 2013 Progress Report.


vi

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 1 1.2 Purpose of Report 1 1.3 Air Quality Objectives 1 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 3

2. New Monitoring Data 4

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 4 2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites 4 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 5 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives 11 2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide 11 2.2.2 PM10 14 2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide 14 2.2.4 Benzene 14 2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored 15 2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives 15

3. Road Traffic Sources 16

3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb 16 3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic 16 3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs 16 3.4 Junctions 16 3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment 17 3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows 17 3.7 Bus and Coach Stations 17

4. Other Transport Sources 18

4.1 Airports 18 4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) 18 4.2.1 Stationary Trains 18 4.2.2 Moving Trains 18 4.3 Ports (Shipping) 18


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5. Industrial Sources 19

5.1 Industrial Installations 19 5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out 19 5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been

Introduced 19 5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment 19 5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots 19 5.3 Petrol Stations 19 5.4 Poultry Farms 20

6. Commercial and Domestic Sources 21

6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations 21 6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts 21 6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning 21

7. Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 22

8. Conclusions and Proposed Actions 23

8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 23 8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources 23 8.3 Proposed Actions 23

9. References 24

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 2 Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 3 Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site 4 Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 6 Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Air Quality Objectives 11 Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes 12 Table 2.5 Results of Diffusion Tube Monitoring for Sulphur Dioxide 14 Table 2.6 Results of Diffusion Tube Monitoring for Benzene 15 Table 2.7 Results of Continuous Monitoring for Ozone 15

Figure 2.1 Location of Automatic Monitoring Site 5 Figure 2.2 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 11/12/13, 14/15/16 and 22) 7 Figure 2.3 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 19 and 20) 8 Figure 2.4 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 3/4/5/6/9/10/18/21) 9 Figure 2.5 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tube 23) 10 Figure 2.6 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites 13


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Appendix A Diffusion Tube Raw Data 2011 Appendix B QA/QC Data


1


1. Introduction

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area Tendring District Council (TDC) covers an area in the eastern part of Essex. Its main administrative centre is Clacton-on-Sea. Other main towns in the District are the coastal towns of Frinton-on-Sea and Harwich.

The main source of air pollution within the District is from road traffic from the major roads, namely the A133 and A120 trunk roads.

1.2 Purpose of Report This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) is to identify any matters that have changed which may lead to risk of an AQO being exceeded. A checklist approach and screening tools are used to identify significant new sources or changes and whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment. The USA report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in Review and Assessment reports.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives The AQOs applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre μg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

2


Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

AQO

Pollutant Concentration Measured as Date to be achieved by

16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Benzene

5.00 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide (CO) 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003

0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Particles (PM10) (gravimetric)

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004


1-hour mean 31.12.2004


24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)


15-minute mean 31.12.2005

3


1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments Table 1.2 summarises the results of the conclusions of previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Round Date(s) Summary

1 1998-2002 Concluded that all AQOs would be met for all pollutants.

No AQMAs declared.

2 2003-2005 USA concluded that AQOs would be met for all pollutants.

No AQMAs declared. Following Progress Reports in 2004 and 2005 confirmed this conclusion.

3 2006-2008 USA concluded that AQOs would be met for all pollutants.

No AQMAs declared. Following Progress Reports in 2007 and 2008 confirmed this conclusion.

2009 USA identified one exceedence of the annual mean NO2 AQO in Harwich. Recommended that this diffusion tube was moved to be representative of relevant exposure. USA also identified the need for biomass screening at two locations within the District.

2010 Progress Report concluded that AQOs would be met for all pollutants.

4

2011 Progress Report concluded that AQOs would be met for all pollutants.

4


2. New Monitoring Data

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

TDC currently has one automatic monitor within its District, located at St Osyth. The monitor forms part of the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) of automatic monitors across the UK, operated on behalf of Defra. Concentrations of NO2 and ozone (O3) are measured at this site. Monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) ceased at the St Osyth monitoring station in 2009.

An automatic monitor was also located in Clacton-on-Sea at the Council Offices and measured concentrations of NO2 and PM10. Due to poor data capture with the monitor in 2010, concerns regarding the monitor’s reliability, and no recorded exceedences of the AQOs for NO2 and PM10 in the ten years in which the monitor had been operating, the monitor was decommissioned at the end of 2010.

Further detail on the automatic monitoring site is presented in Table 2.1 and its location is shown in Figure 2.1.

Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site

Site Name

Site Type

X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref

Pollutants Monitored Monitoring Type

In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure? (distance

(m))

Distance to kerb

of nearest road (m)

Does this location

represent worst-case

exposure?

St Osyth Rural 610246 213205 NO2, O3,

CO Chemiluminescence N N (750) 2.1m Y

5

Figure 2.1 Location of Automatic Monitoring Site

Notes: Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2012].

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

During 2011, TDC undertook non-automatic monitoring for NO2 at 15 locations in the District. The diffusion tubes are prepared by Gradko using the 20% triethanolamine (TEA) in water method.

TDC also undertakes monitoring of benzene and SO2 at locations in the District using diffusion tubes.

Three new diffusion tube monitoring locations were added to the existing monitoring network in October 2011 to monitor NO2 and SO2. The site on High Street, Dovercourt, was added, as the road narrows at this location and therefore there were concerns regarding increases in air pollutant concentrations. The site on Wellesley Road, Clacton, was added, due to concerns regarding emissions associated with this busy road and the site on Walton Road, Walton, was added due to the potential new building of a Tesco supermarket close to this location.

Further detail on each of the non-automatic monitoring sites is presented in Table 2.2 and diffusion tube monitoring locations are shown in Figures 2.2-2.5. There are triplicate tubes located at the Town Hall (11/12/13), which were co-located with the continuous monitor that is located at the Town Hall. Tubes 14, 15 and 16 are also triplicate tubes located along the A133 bypass.


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Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Name

Site Type

X Y Pollutants Monitored In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure? (distance to relevant exposure (m))

Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)

Worst case?

9 Harwich Hospital (New site)

Roadside 624294 231255 NO2 , SO2 N N (21.4) 3.8 Y

10 Harwich Train Station

Roadside 626000 232384 NO2 , SO2 N N (39.2) 2.9 Y

11/12/13 Town Hall Urban Background 617272 215021 NO2, benzene N N (29.3) 9.1 Y

14/15/16 Bypass A133 Roadside

616062 218517 NO2 N N 2.1 Y

18 Bathside Bay Roadside

625625 231976 NO2 , SO2 N N 5.0 Y

19 A120 WIX Roadside

613924 227789 NO2 , SO2 N N 1.0 Y

20 A120 Hempstalls farm entrance

Roadside 612619 227395 NO2 , SO2 N N 1.0 Y

21 High Street Dovercourt

Roadside 625536 231580 NO2 , SO2 N N (2)

2.0 Y

22 Wellesley Road Clacton

Roadside 617459 215454 NO2 , SO2 N Y

7.0 N

23 Walton Road Walton

Roadside 625163 221687 NO2 , SO2 N N (20)

1.5 Y

3 Parkeston Train Station

Roadside 623791 232655

SO2 N N 198.0

Y

4 Refinery Road Parkeston

Roadside 623292 232238

SO2, benzene N N (100) 23.0

N

5 Harwich Quay (Floating pontoon)

Industrial 626037 232941

SO2 N N 82.0

Y

6 Harwich Quay (lift) Industrial 626141 232945 SO2 N N 158.0 Y

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Figure 2.2 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 11/12/13, 14/15/16 and 22)



8

Figure 2.3 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 19 and 20)



9

Figure 2.4 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tubes 3/4/5/6/9/10/18/21)



10

Figure 2.5 Locations of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Diffusion Tube 23)



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2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

Automatic Monitoring Data

The results for the automatic monitoring station at St Osyth, as detailed in Table 2.3, show that there have been no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 AQO or the hourly mean NO2 AQO during 2011.

Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Air Quality Objectives

Location Within AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for period of monitoring %

Valid Data Capture 2011 % Descriptor 2008 2009 2010 2011

Annual mean, μg/m3 - 0 15.1 16.0

St Osyth N 99% 99% Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean (200 μg/m3)

- 0 0 0

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Table 2.4 details the results of the NO2 diffusion tube monitoring for the past five years. Raw monthly mean concentrations for the 2011 calendar year are included in Appendix A.

Bias adjustment factors have been applied to the data shown in Table 2.4. The factors are an estimate of the difference between tube concentrations and concentrations determined by continuous monitoring methods. The factor applied to the 2011 data is 0.89. As no local co-location study is available as a result of the lack of data available for the continuous monitor at Clacton Town Hall, the factor has been taken from the UK national bias adjustment spreadsheet (version 03/12)1 for diffusion tubes prepared by the same laboratory and method. Details of the bias adjustment calculation are given in Appendix B.

The monitoring results show that there are no exceedences of the annual mean AQO for NO2 at any of the monitoring locations.

Figure 2.6 illustrates the trend in NO2 concentrations at the diffusion tube monitoring locations over the past five years. NO2 concentrations appear to have stabilised in the past three years with little increase or decrease in annual mean concentrations.

1 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/Diffusion_Tube_Bias_Factors-v03_12.xls

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Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

Annual Mean Concentrations (μg/m3)

Adjusted for Bias

Site ID Location In AQMA? Data capture 2011 (%)

2007

(Bias Factor 0.89)

2008

(Bias Factor 1.36)

2009

(Bias Factor 0.92)

2010

(Bias Factor 0.95)

2011

(Bias Factor 0.89)

9 Harwich Hospital (New site) N 100% 19.1 29.9 22.23 23.79 19.42

10 Harwich Train Station N

92% 31.4 43.6 29.83 24.80 21.60

11/12/13 Town Hall *^ N

100% 22.1 32.9 21.19 21.19 18.38

14/15/16 Bypass A133 * N

83% 20.6 32.1 21.86 21.49 20.65

18 Bathside bay N

100% - 20.5 10.18 13.18 9.82

19 A120 WIX N

100% - 29.8 16.76 20.64 14.16

20 A120 Hempstalls farm entrance

N 92% - - 13.24 15.09 11.55

21 High Street Dovercourt N

25% - - - - 22.24a

22 Wellesley Road Clacton

N 25% - - - - 24.35a

23 Walton Road Walton N

25% - - - - 20.09a

Notes: a Annualised using St Osyth and Thurrock continuous monitors. * Triplicate Tubes. ^ Co-located Tubes. Data have not been distance corrected.

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Figure 2.6 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Year

Ann

ual M

ean

NO

2 Con

cent

ratio

n ( μ

g/m

3 )

Harwich Hospital (New site) Harwich Train Station Town Hall *^Bypass A133 * Bathside bay A120 WIXA120 Hempstalls farm entrance

Note: Mean NO2 concentrations only shown for diffusion tube monitoring sites with more than two years of data. * Triplicate Tubes. ^ Co-located Tubes.


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2.2.2 PM10

PM10 concentrations were monitored at the Clacton-on-Sea Town Hall monitor. There is no data available for 2011 from this monitor as it has been decommissioned.

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

TDC undertakes SO2 monitoring at 12 locations, through the use of singularly deployed SO2 diffusion tubes. The results for these tubes are provided in Table 2.5. Raw monthly mean concentrations for the 2011 calendar year are included in Appendix A

Table 2.5 Results of Diffusion Tube Monitoring for Sulphur Dioxide

Location Within AQMA? Data Capture for full calendar year 2010 (%)

Annual mean concentrations (μg/m³) 2011

Parkeston Train Station N 92 2.56

Refinery Road Parkeston N 83 2.22

Harwich Quay (Floating pontoon) N 75 2.34

Harwich Quay (Lift) N 100 7.69

Harwich Station N 92 2.97

Harwich Hospital (New site) N 100 4.23

Bathside bay N 92 2.32

A120 WIX N 92 2.29

A120 Hempstalls farm entrance N 83 1.67

High Street Dovercourt N 25 1.84

Wellesley Road Clacton N 25 2.25

Walton Road Walton N 17 1.52

2.2.4 Benzene

TDC undertakes benzene monitoring at 2 locations, through the use of singularly deployed benzene diffusion tubes. The results for these tubes are given in Table 2.6. Raw monthly mean concentrations for the 2011 calendar year are included in Appendix A


15

Table 2.6 Results of Diffusion Tube Monitoring for Benzene



Clacton Town Hall N 92 0.44

Refinery Road Parkeston N 92 4.00

2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored

Ozone

Ozone is monitored at the St Osyth continuous monitoring site. The results are presented below in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7 Results of Continuous Monitoring for Ozone



St Osyth N 99 50.3

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Tendring District Council has examined the results from monitoring in the District. Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.


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3. Road Traffic Sources

TDC has not identified any roads or junctions that require assessment under the following criteria.

3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified congested streets with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb, that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs This assessment considers roads where there are unusually high proportions of buses and/or HGVs and traffic flows are less than 20,000 vehicles per day, but more than 2,500 HGVs per day. The assessment is also dependent on whether the flow of HGVs is greater than 2,500 per day and relevant exposure being within 10m of the kerbside.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with high flows of buses/HDVs.

3.4 Junctions Concentrations are usually higher close to junctions, due to the combined effect of traffic emissions on two or more roads and stop-start driving. The assessment, which considers both PM10 and NO2, is dependent on relevant exposure being within 10m of the kerb.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified junctions/busy roads with traffic flows greater than 10,000 vehicles per day.


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3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment

The approach to considering new roads will depend on whether or not an assessment was carried out in advance of building the new road. If the air quality assessment predicted exceedences of NO2 and PM10 at relevant locations then it will be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/proposed roads.

3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows The assessment only considers roads which experience traffic flows more than 10,000 vehicles per day and have an increase in traffic flow more than 25%.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows.

3.7 Bus and Coach Stations The assessment considers both NO2 and PM10 emissions at bus stations that are not enclosed, with more than 2,500 movements per day and where there is relevant exposure within 10m of any part of the bus station.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.


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4. Other Transport Sources

4.1 Airports The assessment for airports considers NO2. If there are no airports in the Local Authority area, there is no need to proceed further with this part.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.

4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) Stationary trains can give rise to high levels of SO2 close to the point of emission. In addition, moving diesel trains can give rise to high NO2 concentrations. If there are no railways carrying diesel or steam trains in the Local Authority, there is no need to proceed further with this part.

4.2.1 Stationary Trains

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.

4.2.2 Moving Trains

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.3 Ports (Shipping) The assessment for shipping considers SO2 emissions where receptors are located within 250m of the berths and 1km of the main manoeuvring areas.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the Local Authority area.


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5. Industrial Sources

5.1 Industrial Installations The assessment of industrial installations considers all of the regulated pollutants.

5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been Introduced

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots The assessment considers benzene with respect to the 2010 objective. Previous rounds of Review and Assessment found that there were no major fuel storage depots and the situation has not changed.

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.

5.3 Petrol Stations Similar to major fuel storage depots, the assessment for petrol stations considers benzene, with respect to the 2010 objective.


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Large petrol stations, which have not been covered in previous Review and Assessment reports, are to be assessed if the annual throughput is more than 2,000m3 of petrol and if situated next to a busy road (>30,000 annual average traffic flow).

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.

5.4 Poultry Farms Poultry farms in the Local Authority that house more than 400,000 birds if mechanically ventilated, 200,000 birds if naturally ventilated, and 100,000 birds for a turkey unit, require consideration in this assessment to establish whether there is relevant exposure within 100m of the poultry units. The assessment considers PM10.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the specified criteria.


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6. Commercial and Domestic Sources

6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations The assessment considers both NO2 and PM10. However, currently, there are no biomass processes with planning permission that meet the criteria for the assessment.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plants in the Local Authority area which have not been previously assessed.

6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts Whilst small biomass installations may be individually acceptable, there is a possibility that the combined effects of two or more installations could lead to unacceptably high PM10 concentrations.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plants in the Local Authority area which have not been previously assessed.

6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning The assessment for domestic solid-fuel burning considers SO2 emissions from significant areas that use solid fuels to heat houses. ‘Significant areas’ are defined as areas approximately 500x500m with more than 50 houses burning solid fuel as their primary source of heating.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority area.


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7. Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

The assessment of fugitive and uncontrolled sources considers the PM10 objectives. This includes consideration to quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal mining, waste transfer sites and materials handling. Only locations not covered by previous rounds of Review and Assessment, or where there is new relevant exposure, require consideration. In the case of proposed new sources, they are only required to be considered if planning approval has been granted.

Tendring District Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions in the Local Authority area.


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8. Conclusions and Proposed Actions

8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data The monitoring undertaken within the District has shown that there are no exceedences of the AQOs for NO2 at relevant locations. A Detailed Assessment is therefore not required.

The trend in the monitoring data has been one of stable annual mean concentrations for the past three years with very little fluctuation within values.

8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources The assessment of sources has concluded that there are no new or significantly changed sources identified within the District.

8.3 Proposed Actions The USA has not identified any need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for any pollutant.

The USA has not identified any need for additional monitoring or changes to the current monitoring programme.

The next action for TDC will be to submit a 2013 Progress Report.


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9. References

Defra (2009). Local Air Quality Management: Technical Guidance. London: Defra Publications. (LAQM.TG(09)).

Defra (2012) National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet (version number: 03/12). Available from: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/Diffusion_Tube_Bias_Factors-v03_12.xls

Tendring District Council (2009) Local Air Quality Management Updating and Screening Assessment.

Tendring District Council (2010) Local Air Quality Management Annual Progress Report.

Tendring District Council (2011) Local Air Quality Management Annual Progress Report.



Appendix A Diffusion Tube Raw Data 2011

Table A1 – Raw Results Nitrogen Dioxide (μg/m3)

Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean

Harwich Hospital (New site) 31.35 23.89 29.71 35.02 19.05 19.03 0.96 31.14 9.5 22.31 0.33 39.55 21.82

Harwich Train Station 31.33 30.41 35.7 34.19 21.59 18.24 15.14 19.03 18.36 missing 22.51 20.48 24.27

Town Hall A 26.48 27.52 28.09 30.2 14.87 15.17 10.1 16.64 16.83 22.73 24.78 17.74 20.93

Town Hall B ( AQMS) 23.76 26.1 31.64 28.45 14.41 16.18 10.27 12.84 17.5 20.97 24.55 16.75 20.29

Town Hall C (Station Rd) 24.11 25.89 29.47 29.52 14.98 15.47 9.61 16.85 17.5 22.22 24.91 18.42 20.75

Bypass A133 25.38 28.75 36.18 missing 16.81 20.84 13.4 19.98 missing 22.59 29.4 14.55 22.79

Bypass A133 27.29 32.11 35.78 32.55 18.15 18.77 11.04 19.35 25.99 19.5 26.74 13.37 23.39

Bypass A133 23.52 32.2 35.43 40.29 19.05 18.4 14.14 17.67 18.26 18.82 27.93 15.45 23.43

control 0.08 0.49 1.05 0.4 0.32 0.43 0.88 0.69 1.46 0.05 0.36 0.17 0.53

Bathside bay 13.66 0.63 22.62 12.13 3.29 10.25 5.61 6.16 8.56 16.24 22 11.24 11.03

A120 WIX 17.77 0.62 16.63 20.52 1.91 19.88 13.97 24.2 14.3 18.47 25.35 17.24 15.91

A120 Hempstalls farm entrance 16.35 0.68 stolen 13.39 1.97 16.12 11.32 19.55 11.63 14.03 23.57 14.17 12.98

High Street Dovercourt N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 12.34 31.69 21.42 21.82



Wellesley Road Clacton N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 22.06 32 17.58 23.88

Walton Road Walton N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15.52 27.3 16.3 19.71

Notes: Bold indicates exceedence of annual mean NO2 AQO of 40 μg/m3. N/A refers to no monitoring undertaken at the site during this month.

Table A.2 Raw Results Sulphur Dioxide (μg/m3)


Parkeston Train Station 1.45 1.97 2.23 5.01 2.91 3.61 0.69 <LOD 2.37 5.35 1.78 0.82 2.56

Refinery Road Parkeston stolen 1.18 2.59 3.58 1.43 1.7 0.35 <LOD 3.1 2.91 3.54 1.83 2.22

Harwich Quay (Floating pontoon) 2.22 <LOD missing missing 2.8 2.32 2.28 1.63 3.46 0.88 4.51 0.94 2.34

Harwich Quay (Lift) 1.34 5.53 2.86 3.2 4.73 4.2 13.4 7.32 6.47 40.35 2.13 0.79 7.69

Harwich Station <LOD 1.75 3.03 3.24 4.11 4.71 6.58 0.92 1.09 3.4 2.86 1 2.97

Harwich Hospital (New site) 2.07 1.03 3.65 3.92 4.57 4.18 4.34 1.9 5.29 15.11 3.41 1.34 4.23

Bathside bay 1.06 1.75 1.86 1.72 2.44 3.16 missing 6.76 1.89 3.24 0.88 0.77 2.32

A120 WIX 2.3 1.52 4.73 1.9 3.6 3.94 missing 0.69 2.47 0.86 1.26 1.9 2.29

A120 Hempstalls farm entrance 2.74 1.14 missing 1.66 2.04 2.14 missing 0.75 1.29 1.22 2.41 1.35 1.67

High Street Dovercourt N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.71 2.37 2.45 1.84

Wellesley Road Clacton N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.66 2.41 2.68 2.25



Walton Road Walton N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.4 1.63 1.52

Notes: N/A refers to no monitoring undertaken at this site during this month.

Table A.3 Raw Results Benzene (μg/m3)


Clacton Town Hall 0.35 0.65 1.00 0.39 0.26 0.49 0.68 missing 0.01 0.42 0.39 0.20 0.44

Refinery Road Parkeston 14.33 3.08 3.73 3.28 3.25 3.12 0.94 missing 1.2 2.89 3.54 4.68 4.00

Appendix B QA/QC Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

The diffusion tubes were supplied by Gradko International Ltd. The tubes were prepared using a 20% TEA in acetone method.

The bias adjustment factor for the tubes has been taken from Defra’s UK national bias adjustment spreadsheet (version 03/12) and is based on the results of 26 studies in 2011. The bias adjustment factor is 0.89.

Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment

Monitoring at the three diffusion tube monitoring sites added in October 2011 has only been carried for 3 months. Short- to long-term data adjustment was therefore undertaken for this monitoring data.

The correction factor in the table below has been derived using the average ratio of the annual mean to the period mean for the monitoring data obtained from the St Osyth and Thurrock automatic monitors. This factor was applied to the measured period mean at the three monitoring sites to annualise the data set.

Site Site Type Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio

St Osyth Rural background 16.04 18.60 1.16

Thurrock Urban background 28.17 31.88 1.13

Average 1.15

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

Gradko International takes part in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP). Their performance for each quarter in 2011 is summarised in the table below. The table provides a percentage of results submitted which were subsequently determined to be satisfactory based upon a z-score of <±2.

Jan- Mar 2011 Apr-Jun 2011 Jul- Sep 2011 Oct- Dec 2011

100% 100% 100% 37.5%


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