basics of computer learning 2

8/13/2019 Basics of Computer Learning 2

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Memory


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Basic Units Of Measurement

Bit

B inary digit

Smallest unit of measurement

Two possible values 0 1

on offOR

Byte

8 bits


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Computer Parts

There are many parts

that work together to

make a computer

work.

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Hardware

Physical parts of the

computer, including

processor andmemory chips,

input/output devices,

tapes, disks,

modems, cable, etc.

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CPU

The Central

Processing Unit

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Computer Case

Contains the major

components of the

computer. It helpsprotect them.

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Inside the Computer Case

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Monitor

A display screen to

provide output to the

user. It is where you

view the informationyour are working on.

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Video Card

Connects the computer to

the monitor. It is a circuit

board attached to the

motherboard that

contains the memory andother circuitry necessary

to send information to the

monitor for display on

screen.

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Keyboard

Used to enter

information into the

computer and for

giving commands.

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Mouse

An input device operated

by rolling its ball across a

flat surface. The mouse

is used to control the on-

screen pointer by pointingand clicking, double-

clicking, or dragging

objects on the screen.

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Touchpad

A pressure-sensitive

and motion sensitive

device used in place

of a mouse.

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CD Rom Drive

The drive that plays

CDs and reads data

that has been stored

on the CD.

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CD

Compact DiskA

type of optical storage

device.

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Floppy Disk Drive

A device that holds a

removable floppy disk

when in use;

read/write heads readand write data to the

diskette.

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Hard Disk

Magnetic storage

device in the

computer.

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RAM

Random Access Memory

RAM is a computers

temporary memory, which

exists as chips on the

motherboard near the

CPU. It stores data or

programs while they are

being used and requires

power.

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Printer

An output device that

produces a hard copy

on paper. It gives

information to theuser in printed form.

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Barcode Reader

An input device thatconverts a pattern ofprinted bars into anumber that acomputer can read.They are often usedby businesses toquickly input price

and productinformation.

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Scanner

A device that allows

pictures to be placed

into a computer.

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Microphone

Allows the user to

record sounds as

input to their

computer.

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Speakers

Used to generate or

reproduce voice,

music, and other

sounds.

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Sound Card

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Modem

The place where the

computer is

connected to the

phone line.

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Network Card

A circuit board that

connects the

computer to the rest

of the network usuallyusing special cables.

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Software

Programs that tell the

computer what to do.

It provides

instructions that theCPU will need to

carry out.

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INTEL PENTIUM 4 PROCESSOR

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DRAM

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SRAM

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Installing a SIMM Module

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Installing a DIMM Module

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Installing a DIMM Module

(continued)

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Installing a RIMM Module

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1. Magnetic Drives


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sectorseach track isdivided into pie-shaped wedges

clustertwo or moresectorscombined

tracksdata is recorded inconcentric circularbands


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Construc t ion and Operat ion

o f the Hard Disk

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Floppy Disks

A floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive storage

medium that consists of a thin, circular, flexible

plastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in

a square-shaped plastic shell.


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Connectors


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Connectors

Nearly all floppy disk drives have two connectors one for power to run the drive

and the other to carry the control and data signals to and from the drive. These connectors

are fairly standardized in the computer industry. A 4 pin inline connector in both large and

small styles is used for power and a 34 pin connector in both edge and pin header designs isused for the data and control signals. Typically 5 drives use the large style power

connector and the 34 pin edge type connector, whereas most 3 drives use the smaller

version of the power connector and the 34 pin header type logic connector

(+12V) Yellow

(Gnd) Black

(+5V) Red

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ASPECT RATIO & VIEWABLE AREA

TWO MEASURES DESCRIBE THE

SIZE OF YOUR DISPLAY.

THE ASPECT RATIO & SCREEN

SIZE.

COMPUTER DISPLAY LIKE MOST

TELEVISIONS WHICH HAVE 4:3

RATIO. THIS MEANS THAT THE

RATIO OF THE WIDTH OF THE

DISPLAY SCREEN TO THE HEIGHT

IS 4 TO 3.

FOR WIDE SCREEN LCD / TFT

MONITORS, THE ASPECT RATIO

CAN GO UPTO 16:945

PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION OF A


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PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION OF A

CATHODE RAY TUBE

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Dot Matrix Printer

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Troubleshooting Dot Matrix Printers

Symptom/Problem

Possible cause(s) Possible solution(s)

Print resultsare too light.

Ribbon cartridge is out of ink.(dry)

Replace ink ribbon.

Error-ledflashes.

Printer overload. Leave it for a while and remove all printjobs. Try printing in smaller portions.

Printer doesnot print.

1. Printer is offline.2. Printer is out of paper.3. Printer is not connected.

1. Turn printer online.2. Add paper.3. Check cable connections.

Paper doesnot advance.

Paper is not properly placed orpaper-feed mechanism is broken.

Make sure the paper is aligned and thetractor wheels are in place.

Charactersareincomplete.

Pins are stuck or broken. Replace the print head

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Inkjet

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L SERJET

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L SERJET

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Six sequential steps of laser printingL SERJET

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Step 2: Conditioning

Drum is conditioned to contain a high

electrical charge

L SERJET

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L SERJET

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L SERJET

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Step 3: WritingL SERJET

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L SERJET

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L SERJET

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The interior of a po er s ppl


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The interior of a power supply

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Example of Windows (GUI)

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