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Elektrische Signalverarbeitung Dr. Fischer GmbH
Basic Set of Communication Standards (CALM)
enabling
One common ITS platformas requested by the EC
Dr. Hans-Joachim FischerFichtenweg 9
89143 BlaubeurenGermany
+49 7344 [email protected]
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)2
http://isotc204wg16.org
Communications
Access for
Land
Mobiles
CALM standards were successfully validated within the CVIS project
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)3
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Access LayerManagement Security
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CALM standards
Ad-hoc
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)4
Introduction
This presentation
• does not aim on an explanation of standards,
• but focuses on the usage of CALM to enable the one common ITS platform requested by the European Commission.
The presentation considers
• the basic set of communication standards (CALM),
• the CVIS implementation and validation of them,
• and the lessons learned, i.e. planned amendments / modifications of them.
The presentation is in the spirit of
• international harmonization
• efficiency in the standard design work, i.e. to avoid duplicate or similar standards.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)5
Paradigms
Intelligent Transport Systems architecture is based on paradigms, which were already generally agreed:
1. Functional concept of an ITS station
2. Two networking domains
3. Four ITS sub-systems defined by the implementation context
4. ITS applications as set of complementary ITS-S applications
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)6
ITS station reference architecture
Access
Networking &
Transport
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Se
cu
rity
Facilities
Applications
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)7
Networking domains
ITS Ad Hoc
Network
ITS Station-
Internal
Network
Local Data
Network
Public
Access
Network
Private
Access
Network
Core
Networks
(e.g. Internet)
ITS Domain
Generic
Domain
ITS Station Boundary
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)8
ITS sub-systems
ITS peer-to-peer
communications
Personal ITS sub-sytem
Vehicular ITS sub-sytem
Roadside ITS sub-sytem
Central ITS sub-sytem
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)9
ITS-S applications
Application
ITS-S
Application(Service Provider)
Application
Layer (7)
Presentation
Layer (6)
Session
Layer (5)
Transport
Layer (4)
Network
Layer (3)
Data Link
Layer (2)
Physical
Layer (1)
Application
Layer (7)
Presentation
Layer (6)
Session
Layer (5)
Transport
Layer (4)
Network
Layer (3)
Data Link
Layer (2)
Physical
Layer (1)
Application
ITS-S
Application(Service User)
PSDU PSDU
SSDU
ASDU
TSDU
NSDU
LSDU
PSDU PSDU
LSDU
NSDU
TSDU
SSDU
ASDU
APDU
PPDU
SPDU
TPDU
NPDU
LPDU
stream
frame
packet
segment
data
data
data
ADU
API to applications
data
Fa
cili
ties la
ye
rN
etw
ork
ing
&
tra
npo
rt layer
Acce
ss laye
r
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)11
CALM single-hop scenario
ITS StationITS Station
Single hop from ITS station to ITS station, e.g. car to car ad-hoc
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)12
CALM networking scenario
ITS StationITS Station
Network
/
Multiple hops
ITS station via network to ITS station, e.g. car via Internet to central station
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)13
CALM legacy single-hop scenario
Legacy StationITS Station
Single hop from ITS station to legacy station, e.g. DSRC
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)14
CALM legacy networking scenario
Legacy StationITS Station
Network
/
Multiple hops
From ITS station via network to legacy station, e.g. car via UMTS to IPv4 station
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)15
CALM specialities
Great flexibility for implementation, i.e. single physical unit or several physical units per ITS sub-system.
Management communications between physical units of the same ITS sub-system, i.e. remote access to SAPs.
Automatic mapping of ITS-S applications onto CIs, covering the whole communication protocol stack, i.e. dynamic and static profiling of communications.
Multitude of access technologies, networking protocols, facilities and application domains.
Several methods of hand-over and congestion control.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)16
CALM functionality
ITS-S Applications
Communication Interfaces (CI),
wireless and wired technologies,
for communication with other CALM stations,
and for in-station networking
MI
/ S
I
IN
ITS-S router
Ma
na
gem
en
t In
form
atio
n B
ase
(M
IB)
FAST
IN
MN
/ S
N
Networking & transport layer
Access layer
...
IPv6
TCP/IP suite
Non-CALM-
aware
CALM-
aware non-
IP-based
NF
NF
MI
/ S
IM
N /
SN
MF
/ S
F
CALM-
aware
IP-based
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
and S
ecu
rity
En
tity
Facilities layer
NF
MF
/ S
F
ITS-S host
...
Different classes and types of applications
supported by the necessary facilities
and necessary networking & transport protocols
mapped on a range of access technologies
operated within a bounded secure management domain.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)17
Architecture options
Protocol stacks:
• FAST / WAVE over ad-hoc access
• Geo-Routing (payload on FAST, including IP over FAST)
• IP over ad-hoc access
• IP over cellular networks
• IP over broadband
• Satellites
• Broadcast reception
• Legacy support (DSRC)
Handover:
• ad-hoc to cellular and vice versa
• ad-hoc to ad-hoc (same access technology or different)
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)18
CALM access technologies
Data Link Layer (DLL)
Physical Layer (PHY)
Access layer
Communication adaptation
sub-layer (CAL)
IN
Secu
rity
ad
apta
tion
entity
(S
AE
)
SI
Ma
nag
em
en
t
ada
pta
tio
n
entity
(M
AE
)
MI Laye
r m
ana
gem
en
t
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)19
LLC frame format
ISO 21218 requires, as a minimum, support of U-frames.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)20
CALM M5 LLC frame format
LLC
Header
1 octet
SNAP
Header
5 octets
SSAP
= 0xAA
1 octet
DSAP
= 0xAA
1 octet
NPDU
variable
LLC
Header
1 octet
SNAP
Header
5 octets
SSAP
= 0xAA
1 octet
DSAP
= 0xAA
1 octet
NPDU
variable
Length
2 octets
LLC
Header
variable
NPDU
variable
SSAP
1 octet
DSAP
1 octet
not supported so far
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)21
CALM M5 LLC header
CIPx: Option enabling notification of dynamically set MAC/PHY parameters
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)22
CALM M5 CIP header
Optional CIP header contains dynamically set MAC/PHY parameters as indicated with CIPx in the LLC header.
Network and Transport
HeaderAPDUCIP Header
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)23
CALM networking & transport
Transport Layer Protocols(e.g. ITS-specific, UDP, TCP)
Laye
r m
anag
em
en
t
Network layer protocols(e.g. ITS Station-internal Network, Geo-
Routing, IPv6, CALM FAST)
Networking &
Transport Layer
MN
NF
SN
IN
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)24
CALM networking & transport
Some important networking & transport protocols:
- IPv6
- FAST (single hop, and N-times multi-hop broadcast, including local forwarding of FAST packets between ITS-SCUs)
- GeoNet data
- CAM, DENM
- added value services
- DSRC legacy CI support
- ISO 15628 application support
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)25
CALM networking protocol selection
IN-SAP address Protocol
170 / 171 = 0xAA / 0xAB x101 0101 SNAP
182 / 183 = 0xB6 / 0xB7 x110 1101 IPv6
186 / 187 = 0xBA / 0xBB x101 1101 FAST (carries also GeoNet data)
190 / 191= 0xBE / 0xBF x111 1111 Position-based addressing
(not further specified)
242 / 243 = 0xF2 / 0xF3 x100 1111 OEM private
(not further specified)
246 / 247 = 0xF6 / 0xF7 x110 1111 Reserved for future use
250 / 251 = 0xFA / 0xFB x101 1111 Deprecated (ITS-MUX). Now reserved for future use
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)26
FAST implementations
CALM networking layer
Combined router / host A
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Wireless CIs
Applications
CALM service layer
CALM networking layer
Combined router / host B
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Wireless CIs
Applications
CALM service layer
Wireless link
CALM networking layer
Host A
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
men
t
LAN CI
Applications
CALM service layer
CALM networking layer
Router A
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
men
t
LAN CI Wireless CIs
CALM networking layer
Host A
CA
LM
Ma
nag
em
en
t
LAN CI
Applications
CALM service layer
CALM networking layer
Router A
CA
LM
Ma
nag
em
en
t
LAN CI Wireless CIs
Local network station A
Local network station B
Wir
ele
ss lin
k
CALM networking layer
Host A
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
men
t
LAN CI
Applications
CALM service layer
CALM networking layer
Router A
CA
LM
Ma
na
ge
men
t
LAN CI Wireless CIs
Local network station A
Wir
ele
ss lin
k
CALM networking layer
Combined router / host B
CA
LM
Ma
nag
em
en
t
Wireless CIs
Applications
CALM service layer
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)27
FAST addressing
One octet number NWref to dynamically identify end points. Allows for up to 251 simultaneous relations to peer stations. To be extended to two or more octets?
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)28
CALM facilities
Laye
r m
anag
em
en
t
Facilities Layer
MF
FA
SF
NF
Application Support
Information Support
Communication / Session
Support
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)29
CALM facilities
Some important facilities:
- FAST service (advertisement [SAF, SCF] and session [request, response])
- DSRC legacy CI support (based on FAST)
- ISO 15628 application support (based on FAST) "15629 kernel emulator"
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)30
FAST service advertisement
Exchange of address information and application IDs
MAC broadcast / multicast
MAC unicast
MAC unicast
optional
IVC and RVC ITS-S applications
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)31
FAST NPDU
FAST NPDU
Network header TPDUHeader
extension
FAST TPDU
BodyHeader
sourceAddress
NWref
destinationAddress
NWref
FAST network header
FAST header extension
destinationAddress
NWrefControl field Hop count
Other optional
elements
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)40
FAST general TPDU body
FAST NPDU can carry different payloads simultaneously, e.g. GeoNet data, added value service data, IP service advertisement, ....
New WIs at ISO to harmonize further FAST with WAVE, and to
Implement GeoNet functionality (Geo-Routing)
GeoNet data can be managed as payload for a slim N-hop networking protocol such as CALM FAST!
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)41
Example SAF
FAST TPDU ...
message
Type "0"
service
ID "a"serverID serviceData
"CAM"
service
ID "b"
serviceData (GeoNet, no reply
expected)
service
ID "c"
serviceData (App "c", reply
expected)
server
NWref (App "c")
... FAST TPDU
service
ID "d"
server
NWref (App "d")
service
Channel (App "d")
channel
List
Broadcast only.
Initialisation with data.
Reply expected on same channel.
Initialisation without data.
Reply expected on other channel.
Service advertisement on 5,9 GHz CCH.
Operation of service at 5,4 GHz or IR ....
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)42
Next steps for service advertisement / announcement
CEN and ETSI have work items on serviceID (application identifier).
The goal is to harmonize such a number globally (CEN, ETSI, ISO, IEEE, ...) and to specify the management of the numbers (registration authority, ...).
ETSI STF 404 currently is doing the first step, i.e. developing a harmonized scheme (CEN, ETSI, ISO, IEEE) for serviceID.
ISO and IEEE are working together to harmonize FAST and WAVE.
WARNING:
Although the joint EU-U.S. declaration on development of harmonized standards for ITS is well known, ETSI TC ITS WG1 developed a new approach for service advertisement / announcement. TS 102 637-2 (CAM) is already published and incompliant with the ISO approach. TS 102 890-2 on service announcement (SAM) is under production, but depends on TS 102 637-2.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)43
CAM
protocolVersion
= 0
messageID
= 0 (CAM)generateTime stationId
reference
Position
station
CharacteristicstaggedList
1 octet 1 octet 6 octets 4 octets not defined variable variable
messageType serverID
< 1 octet 4 octets
serviceID
variable
serviceData
- SAF,
- SCF,
- Request (no
response)
- Request
(response
exptected)
- Response
FAST service advertisement (ISO 24102)
CAM (TS 102 637-2)
Is this payload
for CAM, or a
general element
Which protocol
is meant?
This is payload
for CAM!? not a
general element
General elements can be
inserted in the next
revision of ISO 24102!
(Timestamp, location)
protocolVersion should follow messageID
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)44
SAM
protocolVersion
= 0
messageID
= 1 (SAM)generateTime stationId
serviceID
communityID
communication
ProfileID
1 octet 1 octet 6 octets 4 octets 7 octets 1 octet
messageType serverID
< 1 octet 4 octets
serviceID
variable
serviceData
- SAF,
- SCF,
- Request (no
response)
- Request
(response
exptected)
- Response
FAST service advertisement (ISO 24102)
SAM (TS 102 890-2)
Which protocol
is meant?
General
element!?
General elements can be
inserted in the next
revision of ISO 24102!
(Timestamp)
Can be part of
serviceID!
communityID is
not needed in
the air.
no data hereprotocolVersion should follow messageID
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)45
15628 kernel emulator
CALM 15628 FAST service user entity
FAST networking & transport
CALM CI
of CI class CIC-wl1
IN
facilities
NF
ITS
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
MI
MN
MF
Applications
FA
15628 legacy application
15628 Kernel Emulator
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)46
DSRC legacy CI support
CALM FAST networking & transport
Access
Legacy CI
Extended CAL
IN
Facilities
NFIT
S M
an
ag
em
en
t
MI
MN
MF
Applications
FA
Legacy Service Entity
Legacy CI Port Manager
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)47
DSRC legacy CI support
CALM FAST networking & transport
15628 CI
CM – OSI layer 1
CM – OSI layer 2
CM – ISO 15628
CAL - Agent Application
Application Interface
IN
Facilities
NF
ITS
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
MI
MN
MF
15628 FAST service provider entity
OSI layer 1
OSI layer 2
ISO 15628
15628 Application
APDU
Legacy Port Manager
Applications
FA
15628 Principal
Application
Application Interface
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)48
CALM management
CI selection management
CI state management
CI interference management
- Protection of DSRC implemented in CVIS
Inter-ITS-SCU management communications
- remote access to SAPs
Groupcast management
Congestion control
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)49
CALM CI selection
CI selection
ITS-S
application
requirement
list
CI / VCI
status
list
MMI
Forwarding
tablesCIs
ITS-S
applications
/ Facilities
MF-SAP
MI-SAP MN-SAP
Set of rules
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)50
CALM CI states
not_existentexistent
power on /
activate
registered
register
deregister
active
create VCI
inactive
suspended
suspend
resume
deregister
deregister
inactivate
inactivate
deregister
activate
connectedconnect
disconnect
inactivate
deregister
delete VCI
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)51
CALM interference management
A first approach provides a general tool to temporarily switch-off CIs.
This tool also is used to support coexistence of CEN DSRC with CALM M5.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)52
The various functional blocks identified for ITS
ITS-S host
ITS-S router
ITS-S gateway
ITS-S border router
may be integrated in an ITS sub-system in a single or in various physical units.
CALM distributed implementation
Access
Technologies
Networking &
Transport
Man
ag
em
en
t
Sec
uri
ty
Access
Technologies
Networking &
Transport
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Se
cu
rity
OSI
layer 3
…
layer 1
Access
Networking &
Transport
Man
ag
em
en
t
Sec
uri
ty
Facilities
OSI
layer 7
…
layer 1
Access
Networking &
Transport
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Se
cu
rity
Facilities
Applications
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)53
CALM Inter-ITS-SCU communication
LAN CI
Networking &
Transport
OBE Host
ITS-S
Application
Facilities
Ma
nag
em
ent
&
Se
curi
ty
LAN CI
Networking &
Transport
OBE Host
ITS-S
Application
Facilities
Ma
nag
em
ent
&
Se
curi
ty
LAN
CI
OEM Firewall /
Gateway
IVN CI
Networking /
Routing
IVN CI
Sensors
and Control
In-vehicle
application
Networking &
Transport
OBE Router
Ma
na
ge
me
nt &
Se
cu
rity
LAN
CIM5 CI
Networking &
Transport
OBE Router
Ma
na
ge
me
nt &
Se
cu
rity
LAN
CI3G CI
OEM in-vehicle network
ITS station-internal network
Networking &
Transport
OBE Router
Ma
na
ge
me
nt &
Se
cu
rity
LAN
CIIR CI
Access to remote SAPs
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)54
CALM groupcast management
Groupcast management is illustrated in ISO 29281 as a process allocated in the ITS station management and the ITS networking & transport layer.
The essential functionality is specified in detail in the context of FAST service advertisement.
Groupcast
Manager
Scheduler
#i
Scheduler
#i
Scheduler
#i
Groupcasting via
IN-SAP,
STA transmission IN
Re
ce
ptio
n o
f S
TA
/ S
TC
Ma
na
gin
g
sch
ed
ule
rs
(De-) registration
of CALM services
Notification of
peer services
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)55
CALM congestion control
CALM ITS congestion control is illustrated in general, without specifying technical mandatory details so far.
It will support various approaches, e.g.
- congestion control for a specific access technology, e.g. M5
- usage of different access technologies, e.g. M5 and IR, applying hand-over.
- procedures at all OSI layers.
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)56
One common platform(CALM M5 part)
• CVIS media: CALM M5 (5.9/5.5 GHz), CALM IR and 3G (UMTS)
• SAFESPOT uses CALM M5 only (5.9 GHz )
• Common trials based on joint Control Channel (CCH)
• Two 5 GHz radios enable concurrent traffic
CCHSCH 2SCH 1
5.875 5.885 5.895 5.905
C2C-CC
SAFESPOT
CCHCVIS
Joint
SolutionCCHSCH 2SCH 1
Full Datarate
SCH
Full Datarate
SCH
5.470 GHz
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)57
One common platform(A possible general approach)
CVIS
Host
SAFESPOT
Host
Joint Router
CVIS-SAFESPOTCALM – SF Protocol
Translator
CALM M5 / FAST
Manager
Ethernet, IPv6 Ethernet, IPv4 / CAN
• Joint CAM/FAST Service Advertisement on CCH
• Data on SCH 1/2• IPv6 data on
Full DatarateSCH
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)58
One common platform(CVIS implementation)
Safespot host
(Safety LDM)
CVIS host (FOAM
COMO, POMA
LDM)
CVIS OS (Linux)
CALM FAST
translator / router
FAST/IPv6
FAST/IPv6 FAST/IPv6
TCP+UDP/IPv4
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)59
Information sites
http://www.tc204wg16.de Private CALM site of ESF GmbH
http://www.cvisproject.org CVIS public site
http://www.isotc204wg16.org/ CALM public site
http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/secretariats_tags/iso_tc204ISO TC204 public site
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11IEEE 802.11 public site
26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)60
The end
ITS consultant
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