basic mandarin chinese | lesson 14 | learn to ask questions and say 'no' in chinese!
Post on 19-Oct-2014
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DESCRIPTION
Learn Mandarin Chinese for free using self-paced audio-visual lessons and interactive practice exercises - CultureAlley - master conversations, grammar, vocabulary and more! This lessons teaches the important interrogatives 'Who' and "whose' and focuses conversation around basic sentences such as 'Who is he?" "whose photo is this?" etc.. and finishes by teaching us how to use 'no' with the 'to-be' verb! To study this at your own pace, take quizzes and explore more lessons go to www.culturealley.com. See you at the Alley!TRANSCRIPT
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Nǐ hǎo Lesson 14 on Basic Mandarin!
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Revision - Measure words
English Mandarin
Measure word for flat objects Zhāng
Measure word for people/general Ge
This Zhè
That Nà
Measure word for 'stick like objects' Zhī
Measure word for 'volume' Běn
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Revision
English Mandarin
One photo Yí zhāng zhào piàn
A piece of paper Yì zhāng zhǐ
One boy Yí ge nán háizi
A schoolbag Yí ge shūbāo
This photo Zhè zhāng zhào piàn
That boy Nà ge nán háizi
This is a pen Zhè shì zhī bǐ
This is not a pencil Zhè bú shì zhī qiānbǐ
That is not a dictionary Nà bú shì běn zìdiǎn
That is a book Nà shì běn shū
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Lesson objectives
1 Question formation
2 Negations
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What's in store today?
Today we will see how questions are formed in Mandarin
We will also learn two forms of negation, that will help us cover verbs!
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Lesson objectives
1 Question formation
2 Negations
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Question formation
Lets start by learning how is a question formed in Mandarin different from one
formed in English
For the we will need to learn a new word!
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Question formation
It is pronounced with a mid rising tone
Who
Shéi
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Question formation
Unlike English, Mandarin supplies the ‘interrogation’ where the answer should be!
Let’s compare English and Mandarin and see what we find!
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Question formation
English
Q. Who is he? A. He is Mark
Note that the interrogationcomes
in the beginning of thequestion,
but the answer comes at the end of the statement
Mandarin
Q. Tā shì shéi (he is who?) A. Tā shì Mark (he is Mark)
Note that the interrogativecomes
exactly where the answercomes!
Let’s look at a few moreexamples!
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Question formation
'Yǒu' is pronounced with afalling rising tone
To have
Yǒu
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Introductions
Who has a younger sister
↓ ↓ ↓
Shéi yǒu meìmei
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Question formation
Literally, ‘who have younger sister?’
Who has a younger sister?
Shéi yǒu meìmei?
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Answer formation
Literally, ‘Lǐ have younger sister’
Lǐ has a younger sister
Lǐ yǒu meìmei
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Introductions
Remember! We will changeorder to 'He is who?'
Who is he
↓ ↓ ↓
Shéi yǒu tā
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Do you remember?
Unlike English, Mandarin supplies the ‘interrogation’ where the answer should be
Hence, in Mandarin, the translation for 'Who is he?' will be reordered to 'He is who?' as we will place the answer at the end (eg:
'He is Mark')
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Question formation
Literally, ‘he is who?’
Who is he?
Tā shì shéi?
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Answer formation
In Mandarin, the occupationis said after the name
He is doctor Wáng
Tā shì Wáng yīsheng
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Introductions
This is whopossessive
particle ('s) photo
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Zhè shì shéi de zhào piàn
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Question formation
Literally, ‘this is who (possessive) photo?’
Whose photo is this?
Zhè shì shéi de zhào piàn?
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Answer formation
This is my photo
Zhè shì wǒ de zhào piàn
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Let's see if you remember…
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Pick the right option
How do we say ‘Who is he?’ in Mandarin?
1
Shéi tā shì ?
2
Tā shì shéi?
3
Yí shì shéi?
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Solution
How do we say ‘Who is he?’ in Mandarin?
1
Shéi tā shì ?
2
Tā shì shéi?
3
Yí shì shéi?
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Pick the right option
What does ‘Lǐ yǒu meìmei’ translate to?
1
Lǐ is meì’s younger
sister
2
Lǐ is the younger
sister
3
Lǐ has a younger
sister
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Solution
What does ‘Lǐ yǒu meìmei’ translate to?
1
Lǐ is meì’s younger
sister
2
Lǐ is the younger
sister
3
Lǐ has a younger
sister
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Moving on…
So now we know that the ‘interrogative’ goes where the ‘answer’ would be!
Note that the same is not true in case of question particles such as ma, ne etc…
Let’s move over to our next topic, which is negations!
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Lesson objectives
1 Question formation
2 Negations
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Negations
In mandarin, there are two ways of saying ‘no’
Let’s look at both of them one by one!
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Negations
‘Bù’ is the most common one
It is pronounced with a falling tone
Let’s see what the second one is!
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Negations
The second one is ‘méi’
The verb, ‘to have’ i.e. ‘yǒu’ is negated by ‘méi’ instead of ‘bù’!
Let’s look at some examples!
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Negation
Literally, 'you have elder sister?'
Do you have an elder sister
Nǐ yǒu jiějie ma?
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Negation
Literally, 'I don't haveelder sister'
I don’t have an elder sister
Wǒ méi yǒu jiějie
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Negation
Literally, 'I have one(measure word) younger sister'
I have a younger sister
Wǒ yǒu yí ge meìmei
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Let's see if you remember…
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Pick the right option
When is ‘méi’ used to say no?
1
With ‘have’
2
With not
3
With family
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Solution
When is ‘méi’ used to say no?
1
With ‘have’
2
With not
3
With family
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Pick the right option
What does,‘Wǒ méi yǒu jiějie’ translate to?
1
I have a younger sister
2
I don't have a younger sister
3
I don't have an elder sister
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Solution
What does,‘Wǒ méi yǒu jiějie’ translate to?
1
I have a younger sister
2
I don't have a younger sister
3
I don't have an elder sister
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Revision
Speaker English Mandarin
Mark Who has a younger sister? Shéi yǒu meìmei?
Lisa Lǐ has a younger sister Lǐ yǒu meìmei
Mark Who is he? Tā shì shéi?
Lisa He is doctor Wáng Tā shì Wáng yīsheng
Mark Whose photo is this? Zhè shì shéi de zhào piàn?
Lisa This is my photo Zhè shì wǒ de zhào piàn
Mark Do you have an elder sister? Nǐ yǒu jiějie ma?
Lisa I don't have an elder sister Wǒ méi yǒu jiějie
Lisa I have a younger sister Wǒ yǒu yí ge meìmei
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Revision
Speaker English Mandarin
Mark Who is he? Tā shì shéi?
Lisa He is my father doctor Wáng Tā shì wǒ bàba, Wáng yīsheng
Mark Is she your elder sister Tā shì nǐ jiějie ma?
Lisa No, I have a younger sister Bù, wǒ yǒu yí ge meìmei
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Culture leaf
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Culture leaf
While visiting a Chinese home for a meal, there are certain cultural customs and norms that one must follow!
Here are some suggested behavioral practices while going for an informal dinner!
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Culture leaf
It is considered both polite and appropriate to geta
small gift such as a bottle of wine or a tea set
However, make sure to not gift anything in sets of four, as the number 4, sì, sounds similar
to the Mandarin word for death, sǐ
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Culture leaf
It is considered rude to start eating before everyone is seated at the dinner table
Wait for all the dishes to be laid on the table and served before you start with your first bite!
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Culture leaf
A customary phrase before starting dinner is ‘chī fàn
Literally meaning ‘eat rice’ and amounting to ‘let’sstart the meal’, ‘chī fàn’ is said all around the table
before starting a meal!
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What's next?
In the next lesson we shall learn about the order and expression of time!
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Credits
Content Team CultureAlley, Sunny Dang
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See you at the Alley!
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