basic human anatomy and physiology
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BASIC HUMAN
ANATOMY ANDPHYSIOLOGY
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Learning objectives:
Define anatomy & physiology, and explain how
they are related
Describe each level of organization of thebody with reference to an example
List the organ systems of the body, and state the
major organs associated with each Describe in general the functions of each organ
system
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Learning Objectives
Use anatomical terms to describe the relativepositions of the body parts, the regions of thebody, and the planes by which the body can be
sectioned List the cavities of the body, and state their
locations. Name the organs located in each of the body
cavities Describe how a feedback system maintains
homeostasis.
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definition
Anatomy (Greek) ana + tome to cut
off studies the structure of body parts
and their relationships to one another Physiology (Greek)physis = nature +
logos = study) studies how the body
work
pathophysiologyis concerned
with how physiological processes are
altered in disease or injury
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Levels of Structural Organization
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Level of Structural Organization
The four basic tissue types in humanbody:
Muscle tissueNervous tissue
Connective tissue
Epithelium tissue
Organ discrete structure composed ofat least two tissue types
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Orientation and Directional Terms
Anatomical position: standing erect, with face forward, arms atthe sides, and palms and toes directed forward
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Body Planes and Sections
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Body Planes and Sections
A sagittal (median) plane extends
lengthwise and divides the body into right
and left portions.A midsagittal plane passes exactly through
the midline of the body.
Sagittal cuts that are not along the midline arecalled parasagittal sections.
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Body Planes and Sections
A frontal (coronal) plane also extends
lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagittal
plane and divides the body or an organ intoanterior and posterior portions.
A transverse (horizontal) plane is perpendicular
to the bodys long axis and therefore divides the
body horizontally to produce a cross section. Atransverse cut divides the body or an organ into
superior and inferior portions.
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Body Cavities
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Body Cavities
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Homeostasis
in normal, healthy organismsbloodpressure, body temperature, and blood-
borne factors like oxygen, glucose, and
sodium, for exampleare maintained at
relatively steady states.
Claude Bernard constant internal milieu
that is a prerequisite for good health
Walter Cannon homeostasis.
stable balance between the physiological variables
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assignment
Components of homeostatic control
systems, give an example!
Negative feedback mechanism, example
Positive feddback mechanism, example
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"If you love life, life will love you back.""If you love life, life will love you back."!!