basic dslr photography and videography for aitians

Pakistan Students Association (PSA AIT)Fawad and Adnan

DSLR Photography, Videography and Photo/Video Editing

A Workshop on

Why this Workshop?

Note: Our prior apology from those who find the contents too basic.

Workshop Contents

Part 1: DSLR Photography

Part 2: Photo Editing (Adobe Lightroom)

Part 3: DSLR Video Shooting

Part 4: Video Editing (Cyberlink Power Director)

Workshop Contents

Part 1: DSLR Photography

Part 2: Photo Editing (Adobe Lightroom)

Part 3: DSLR Video Shooting

Part 4: Video Editing (Cyberlink Power Director)

Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter

speed, aperture and ISO)

Lenses and Focal Lengths

Summary

A Quick Settings Slideshow

Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter

speed, aperture and ISO)

Lenses and Focal Lengths

Summary

A Quick Settings Slideshow

Types of Digital Cameras

3 Main classifications

Point and Shoot

Prosumer

Digital SLR

Point and Shoot digital Cameras (P&S)

Commonly referred to as consumer digital cameras.

Represent probably 90% of all digital cameras on the market

Typically small, compact and lightweight

Targeted at broad majority

Typically very User-Friendly

Image Quality has improved drastically

Prosumer Digital Cameras

Common term used to describe advanced models of P&S (now also used to describe many entry level DSLR's)

Similar in shape and appearance to Digital SLR's

Typically have extended zoom range (8-12X)

Typically combine user friendly P&S features with more advanced manual features.

Digital SLR (DSLR)

SLR Stands for Single Lens Reflex

Have larger sensors, resulting in greater image quality

Tend to favor manual control

Much larger and heavier

Ability to interchange system lenses

Entry Level DSLRs

Canon EOS 100D

Canon EOS 1200D

Canon EOS 600D

Canon EOS 650D

Canon EOS 700D

Canon EOS 60D

Nikon D3200

Nikon D3300

Nikon D5200

Nikon D5300

Nikon D5500

Olympus E-PL6

Fujifilm X-A1

Sony a3000

Sony 5000

Sony 5100

Exposure Modes

There are several modes available which offer a combination of automatic and manual controls.

Auto, sometimes represented by an A, or simply a green square, is fully automatic functioning. True point and shoot where the camera decides all the settings for you

The Manual Mode

Know your Camera

The Manual Mode The 3 Pillars of Photography

Shutter Speed

Aperture, f-stop

ISO

Variables to play with

Exposure

Shutter Speed

ISO ApertureAmount of Grains/Noise

Depth of field

Motion Blur

Light meter

Proper Exposure

Under-exposed Over-exposed

The 3 Pillars of Photography

Shutter Speed

Aperture, f-stop

ISO

The Shutter Speed

Shutter Speed

How long the shutter remains open, exposing the image sensor to light.

How long the camera sees the picture

Measured in Seconds, from 30 sec to 1/8000 sec

The more the shutter speed (bigger denominator of the fraction the lesser time light is allowed to enter the camera), the lesser the exposure.

30 sec . 10 sec. 1 sec . sec ..1/5 sec . 1/10 sec 1/25 sec ... 1/100 sec ...1/500 sec 1/2000 sec . 1/4000 sec 1/8000 sec

Shutter Speed is getting higher

The image is getting darker

Less amount of light is allowed to enter in the camera

Shutter opens and closes quickly

Shutter Speed

Fast Shutter Speeds (600 and up) are used to stop motion and will freeze the subject.

Shutter Speed

If the shutter speed is such a low value that the object or camera moves/changes position before the shutter closes, you will get Motion blur.

Slow Shutter Speeds (1/60 or slower) can be used to portray movement or speed

Shutter Speed Very Slow Shutter Speeds (5 sec. or slower) can be used in very low light

situations to obtain correct exposure, or achieve dramatic effects.

As your shutter speed decreases, your chances of getting a blurry image increase because you must hold the camera steady for a longer period.Maximum zoom is hard to hold camera steady for a sharp pictureSlowest shutter speed without a tripod is 1/focal length of lens

Slow Shutter Speed Fast Shutter Speed

Slow shutter speed Fast shutter speed

Panning

During the exposure, the camera is moved in the same direction as the subject.

Resulting in a reasonably sharp subject and a blurred background

Movement Compensation

Refers to the cameras ability to correct small movements by the user while taking a picture, in order to reduce the blur caused by camera shake.

Represented differently by different companies:

Nikon VR Vibration Reduction

Canon IS Image Stabilization

Pentax SR Shake Reduction

Sony SSS Super Steady-Shot

Moving Object Shutter Speeds - NO Blur

Which shutter speed to use for subjects depends on 3 factors:

How big the object appear in the frame

Which direction it is moving

How fast it is moving

Moving Object Shutter Speeds - NO Blur

Moving Object Shutter Speeds For Blur

Blur can be used to emphasise movement

Amount of blur depends on speed of movement of subject and shutter speed

Shutter Speed (sec)

Subject Moderate Blur Extreme Blur

Person Walking 1/30 sec sec

Person Running 1/60 sec 1/15 sec

Horse Trotting 1/30 sec 1/8 sec

Horse Galloping 1/125 sec 1/30 sec

Car at 30mph (50kph) 1/125 sec 1/30 sec

Car at 70mph (110kph) 1/250 sec 1/60 sec

Water 1-2 sec 3 sec +

The 3 Pillars of Photography

Shutter Speed

Aperture, f-stop

ISO

Aperture f/stop

Size of the lens opening - Controls the brightness of light that reaches the film

STOP refers to a change in exposure, whether the shutter speed or aperture is changed

one stop more exposure means to double the light reaching the film

one stop less exposure means to half the light reaching the film

Each f/stop number can be though of as the bottom part of a fraction

The larger the f/stop number, the smaller the lens opening

f/11 is a smaller opening than f/4

f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22

For example, if you shoot at f/stop 5.6, and then change it to f/8, you are letting exactly half as much light strike the film or sensor.

f/stop

f/stop is getting higher

The image is getting darker

Less amount of light is allowed to enter in the camera

Size of lens opening is getting smaller

f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22

Depth-of-field is increasing

BUT

The area of a scene from foreground to background that will remain acceptably sharp when we focus on a subject is called the depth of field.

f/22 provides more depth of field than f/4

You determine what you want to draw your viewers attention to.

shallow depth of field

f/4

Focus Point on b

increased depth of field

f/22

Depth of field

Compare depth of field at f/3.5 and f/22.

Smaller aperture (f/22), deep depth of field Larger aperture (f/4), shallow depth of field

A wide aperture (small #) will give a shallow DOF which can be used to isolate a subject.

Depth of field Depth of Field is not divided equally

You should note that Depth of Field is roughly divided 1/3 in front of where you are focused and 2/3 behind where you

are focused

The 3 Pillars of Photography

Shutter Speed

Aperture, f-stop

ISO

ISO

Measure of sensitivity of your camera to light.

ISO: General Rules and tips

ISO settings are often rated at 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and even 3200 on some models

Use an ISO of 100 or 200 when taking photographs outside in sunny conditions.

If the sky is overcast or it is evening time, or in a darkened room, then use an ISO within the range of 400 to 800.

Night time or in cases of low light you might need to set your digital camera ISO to 1600. If not your photo will appear too dark, if at all.

Using High ISO values causes the sensor to produce much more heat, which creates digital noise in images.

ISO Setting

ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.

Set the lowest setting possible to avoid noise

ISO 100 ISO 3200

ISO Setting

The fourth Element - White Balance

White Balance is essentially the camera compensating for the color cast of the light in order to reproduce the correct colors.

The color cast of light is referred to as its Color Temperature and is rated in degrees Kelvin

Ranges from Cool to Warm

Most Digital cameras have Automatic White Balance, but also specific options for different sources of light.

Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter

speed, aperture and ISO)

Lenses and Focal Lengths

Summary