basic dslr photography and videography for aitians
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Pakistan Students Association (PSA AIT)Fawad and Adnan
DSLR Photography, Videography and Photo/Video Editing
A Workshop on
Why this Workshop?
Note: Our prior apology from those who find the contents too basic.
Workshop Contents
Part 1: DSLR Photography
Part 2: Photo Editing (Adobe Lightroom)
Part 3: DSLR Video Shooting
Part 4: Video Editing (Cyberlink Power Director)
Workshop Contents
Part 1: DSLR Photography
Part 2: Photo Editing (Adobe Lightroom)
Part 3: DSLR Video Shooting
Part 4: Video Editing (Cyberlink Power Director)
Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter
speed, aperture and ISO)
Lenses and Focal Lengths
Summary
A Quick Settings Slideshow
Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter
speed, aperture and ISO)
Lenses and Focal Lengths
Summary
A Quick Settings Slideshow
Types of Digital Cameras
3 Main classifications
Point and Shoot
Prosumer
Digital SLR
Point and Shoot digital Cameras (P&S)
Commonly referred to as consumer digital cameras.
Represent probably 90% of all digital cameras on the market
Typically small, compact and lightweight
Targeted at broad majority
Typically very User-Friendly
Image Quality has improved drastically
Prosumer Digital Cameras
Common term used to describe advanced models of P&S (now also used to describe many entry level DSLR's)
Similar in shape and appearance to Digital SLR's
Typically have extended zoom range (8-12X)
Typically combine user friendly P&S features with more advanced manual features.
Digital SLR (DSLR)
SLR Stands for Single Lens Reflex
Have larger sensors, resulting in greater image quality
Tend to favor manual control
Much larger and heavier
Ability to interchange system lenses
Entry Level DSLRs
Canon EOS 100D
Canon EOS 1200D
Canon EOS 600D
Canon EOS 650D
Canon EOS 700D
Canon EOS 60D
Nikon D3200
Nikon D3300
Nikon D5200
Nikon D5300
Nikon D5500
Olympus E-PL6
Fujifilm X-A1
Sony a3000
Sony 5000
Sony 5100
Exposure Modes
There are several modes available which offer a combination of automatic and manual controls.
Auto, sometimes represented by an A, or simply a green square, is fully automatic functioning. True point and shoot where the camera decides all the settings for you
The Manual Mode
Know your Camera
The Manual Mode The 3 Pillars of Photography
Shutter Speed
Aperture, f-stop
ISO
Variables to play with
Exposure
Shutter Speed
ISO ApertureAmount of Grains/Noise
Depth of field
Motion Blur
Light meter
Proper Exposure
Under-exposed Over-exposed
The 3 Pillars of Photography
Shutter Speed
Aperture, f-stop
ISO
The Shutter Speed
Shutter Speed
How long the shutter remains open, exposing the image sensor to light.
How long the camera sees the picture
Measured in Seconds, from 30 sec to 1/8000 sec
The more the shutter speed (bigger denominator of the fraction the lesser time light is allowed to enter the camera), the lesser the exposure.
30 sec . 10 sec. 1 sec . sec ..1/5 sec . 1/10 sec 1/25 sec ... 1/100 sec ...1/500 sec 1/2000 sec . 1/4000 sec 1/8000 sec
Shutter Speed is getting higher
The image is getting darker
Less amount of light is allowed to enter in the camera
Shutter opens and closes quickly
Shutter Speed
Fast Shutter Speeds (600 and up) are used to stop motion and will freeze the subject.
Shutter Speed
If the shutter speed is such a low value that the object or camera moves/changes position before the shutter closes, you will get Motion blur.
Slow Shutter Speeds (1/60 or slower) can be used to portray movement or speed
Shutter Speed Very Slow Shutter Speeds (5 sec. or slower) can be used in very low light
situations to obtain correct exposure, or achieve dramatic effects.
As your shutter speed decreases, your chances of getting a blurry image increase because you must hold the camera steady for a longer period.Maximum zoom is hard to hold camera steady for a sharp pictureSlowest shutter speed without a tripod is 1/focal length of lens
Slow Shutter Speed Fast Shutter Speed
Slow shutter speed Fast shutter speed
Panning
During the exposure, the camera is moved in the same direction as the subject.
Resulting in a reasonably sharp subject and a blurred background
Movement Compensation
Refers to the cameras ability to correct small movements by the user while taking a picture, in order to reduce the blur caused by camera shake.
Represented differently by different companies:
Nikon VR Vibration Reduction
Canon IS Image Stabilization
Pentax SR Shake Reduction
Sony SSS Super Steady-Shot
Moving Object Shutter Speeds - NO Blur
Which shutter speed to use for subjects depends on 3 factors:
How big the object appear in the frame
Which direction it is moving
How fast it is moving
Moving Object Shutter Speeds - NO Blur
Moving Object Shutter Speeds For Blur
Blur can be used to emphasise movement
Amount of blur depends on speed of movement of subject and shutter speed
Shutter Speed (sec)
Subject Moderate Blur Extreme Blur
Person Walking 1/30 sec sec
Person Running 1/60 sec 1/15 sec
Horse Trotting 1/30 sec 1/8 sec
Horse Galloping 1/125 sec 1/30 sec
Car at 30mph (50kph) 1/125 sec 1/30 sec
Car at 70mph (110kph) 1/250 sec 1/60 sec
Water 1-2 sec 3 sec +
The 3 Pillars of Photography
Shutter Speed
Aperture, f-stop
ISO
Aperture f/stop
Size of the lens opening - Controls the brightness of light that reaches the film
STOP refers to a change in exposure, whether the shutter speed or aperture is changed
one stop more exposure means to double the light reaching the film
one stop less exposure means to half the light reaching the film
Each f/stop number can be though of as the bottom part of a fraction
The larger the f/stop number, the smaller the lens opening
f/11 is a smaller opening than f/4
f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22
For example, if you shoot at f/stop 5.6, and then change it to f/8, you are letting exactly half as much light strike the film or sensor.
f/stop
f/stop is getting higher
The image is getting darker
Less amount of light is allowed to enter in the camera
Size of lens opening is getting smaller
f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22
Depth-of-field is increasing
BUT
The area of a scene from foreground to background that will remain acceptably sharp when we focus on a subject is called the depth of field.
f/22 provides more depth of field than f/4
You determine what you want to draw your viewers attention to.
shallow depth of field
f/4
Focus Point on b
increased depth of field
f/22
Depth of field
Compare depth of field at f/3.5 and f/22.
Smaller aperture (f/22), deep depth of field Larger aperture (f/4), shallow depth of field
A wide aperture (small #) will give a shallow DOF which can be used to isolate a subject.
Depth of field Depth of Field is not divided equally
You should note that Depth of Field is roughly divided 1/3 in front of where you are focused and 2/3 behind where you
are focused
The 3 Pillars of Photography
Shutter Speed
Aperture, f-stop
ISO
ISO
Measure of sensitivity of your camera to light.
ISO: General Rules and tips
ISO settings are often rated at 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and even 3200 on some models
Use an ISO of 100 or 200 when taking photographs outside in sunny conditions.
If the sky is overcast or it is evening time, or in a darkened room, then use an ISO within the range of 400 to 800.
Night time or in cases of low light you might need to set your digital camera ISO to 1600. If not your photo will appear too dark, if at all.
Using High ISO values causes the sensor to produce much more heat, which creates digital noise in images.
ISO Setting
ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.
Set the lowest setting possible to avoid noise
ISO 100 ISO 3200
ISO Setting
The fourth Element - White Balance
White Balance is essentially the camera compensating for the color cast of the light in order to reproduce the correct colors.
The color cast of light is referred to as its Color Temperature and is rated in degrees Kelvin
Ranges from Cool to Warm
Most Digital cameras have Automatic White Balance, but also specific options for different sources of light.
Part 1: DSLR Photography The basics and 3 Elements of Exposure (shutter
speed, aperture and ISO)
Lenses and Focal Lengths
Summary