baseline profile of ucs awaran, teertaj & camp jhao of...

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Empowerment Performance Result

Baseline Profile of UCs Awaran, Teertaj &

Camp Jhao of District Awaran

Draft Baseline Profile of Selected UCs of District Awaran

Table of Contents

List of Exhibits ........................................................................................................................................... 1

Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... 2

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Identification of UCs for Intervention ........................................................................................... 4

1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information ........................................................................... 6

1.3 Household Survey Strategy ......................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field ..................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Findings of the Household Survey .................................................................................................. 9

2.1 Demography .............................................................................................................................. 10

2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics ............................................................................... 14

2.3 Housing Characteristics............................................................................................................. 19

2.4 Household Wealth Status .......................................................................................................... 21

2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization ......................................................... 24

2.6 Media Habits .............................................................................................................................. 26

3.0 Community Profile ........................................................................................................................... 30

3.1 Tribes ......................................................................................................................................... 30

3.2 Conflicts ..................................................................................................................................... 30

3.3 IDPs ........................................................................................................................................... 31

3.4 Child Vaccination ....................................................................................................................... 31

3.5 Environmental Analysis ............................................................................................................. 32

3.6 Law and Order ........................................................................................................................... 32

3.7 Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 33

3.8 Financial Institutions .................................................................................................................. 33

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development .............................................................. 33

4.0 Community Institutions ................................................................................................................... 37

4.1 Community Institutions for the People ....................................................................................... 37

4.2 Community Institutions of the People ........................................................................................ 37

Annexures ................................................................................................................................................. 43

Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary .............................................................. 44

Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection ....................................................................................... 45

Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire ............................................ 45

Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire .................................................................. 51

Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire ................................................ 52

Annexure 2D: UC Profile Questionnaire ....................................................................... 60

Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire .............................. 74

Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet ........................................................................ 79

Annexure 3: Field Team of District Awaran ....................................................................................... 81


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List of Exhibits

Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected UCs

Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 years and above

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member– Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household by Gender – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household by Poverty Status – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School)

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School by Household Poverty Status)

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

Exhibit – 2.2.4a School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure by Poverty Status– Average Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions By Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Agriculture Land Ownership

Exhibit – 2.4.1b Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Exhibit – 2.4.1c Household Assets by Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers by Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.2 Type of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Scheme – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.6.1 Media Habits – Radio Listening

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Newspaper Reading

Exhibit – 2.6.4 Media Habits – Reading Magazine

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Household Perception Regarding Source of Information


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Acronyms

ADB Asian Development Bank

BISP Benazir Income Support Program

BLF Balochistan Liberation Front

CNICs Computerized National Identity Card

COs Community Organizations

DGDC Directorate General for Development Cooperation

FATA Federally Administrative Tribal Area

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GoI Government of Italy

GPI Gender Parity Index

HBWs Home Based Workers

IDA International Development Association

IDPs Internally Displaced Persons

IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development

ILO International Labor Organization

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

LSOs Local Support Organizations

NCHD National Commission for Human Development

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRSP National Rural Support Program

PDOs Project Development Objectives

PMT Proxy Means Testing

PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

PSC Poverty Score Card

TOR Term of Reference

ToT Training of the Trainers

UC Union Council

UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VOs Village Organizations

WOs Women Organizations


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Foreword Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has received financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for undertaking the consulting services titled “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan” in 14 targeted districts. The study has been awarded to AASA Consulting. The findings of this research will be utilized for a three year investment program in Balochistan, KPK and FATA which would be financed by the Government of Italy (GoI) through the Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGDC). The project is divided in two phases. The macro features of target districts were evaluated in Phase 1 and “District Situation Analysis” reports were submitted. In Phase-II, a baseline data of selected Union Councils has been gathered through quantitative and qualitative surveys. This report provides detailed information of UCs regarding household demographics, poverty and wealth status, socioeconomic aspects, housing characteristics, media habits etc. This baseline survey information has been obtained through a Household Census using structured questionnaires and by conducting Focus Group Discussions with the communities. The last section on Community Institutions covers the different social institutions at different tiers including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Local Support Organizations (LSOs), Village Organizations (VOs) and Community Organizations (COs).


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1.0 Introduction Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) which is the leading institution for community driven development in Pakistan has received financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for undertaking the consultancy services titled “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KP, FATA & Balochistan”. The findings of this contract research will be utilized for the three year investment programs “Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in Balochistan, KP & FATA” will be financed by the Government of Italy (GoI) through the Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGCS). The specific objective of the planned three year investment program intends to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life indicators for poor communities in the identified Union Councils (UCs), which includes:

Strengthened community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities

Effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups (especially women and more marginalized segments)

Increased access to economic productivity and markets through infrastructure development

Increased access of local populations to basic social services (health and education) The proposed investment program aims at contributing to poverty reduction in the 14 selected districts in Balochistan, KP and FATA. According to the Terms of Reference (TOR), these areas are suffering from poverty, as well as from ongoing conflicts and are considered to be the most vulnerable areas of the country. The target districts for the planned interventions are:

Province/ Tribal Area District / Agency

Balochistan

Awaran Lasbela Gwadar

Kech Panjgur Killa Abdullah

Pishin Killa Saifullah Zhob

KP Chitral Lower Dir

Swat Upper Dir

FATA Bajaur Agency

1.1 Identification of UCs for Intervention The objective of the proposed intervention by PPAF is to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for the people living in the identified Union Councils. According to the ToR of the project, three or two UCs will be selected for the investment intervention in each target district. The ToR also narrates that the specific intention of the project is to strengthen the community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities and effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups. The criterion which has been considered in the selection of UCs for the intervention includes level of deprivation, existence of community organizations, extent of community mobilization, logistics and proximities and PPAF priority levels.


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After a detailed consultation with PPAF and its Implementing Partners, based on the criteria identified three UCs of district Awaran were selected for carrying out detailed survey at the UC level. Awaran was previously known as Kolwa. It was previously a part of the Khuzdar and became an independent district in 1992. Awaran is located in the south of Balochistan. Its boundaries are surrounded by Lasbela, Gwadar, Kech, Panjgur and Khuzdar.

The proposed UCs form a cluster as evident in the map below. UC Teertaj and Camp Jhaoo

are adjacent to each other whereas UC Awaran shares its southern boundaries with Teertaj.

MAP – Awaran District

Sources: District Development Atlas of Balochistan 2010, P&D Department Government of Balochistan

& UNICEF

Selected UCs For Project Intervention

District Tehsil UC

Awaran Awaran

Awaran

Teertaj

Jhal Jhao Camp Jhao


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1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information The main part of the consultancy assignment was to conduct detailed quantitative and qualitative surveys in the identified Union Councils for:

Ensuring availability of core quantitative and qualitative data on socio-economic indicators through which progress will be measured against Project Development Objectives (PDOs) and program impacts in the targeted Union Councils and villages.

Provide information that can be used later on as a baseline when a comparative analysis (control and treatment as well as differences in intervention combinations) will be undertaken so as to improve design and planning of future programs.

The quantitative data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the head of the household or any adult member of the family in the identified UCs, while for the qualitative assessment of the current status of the community; interviews with knowledgeable representatives of the UC were carried out besides Focus Group Discussions. The standard (World Bank and BISP) Poverty Score Card (PSC) questionnaire was administered in the household survey and thus, the assessment of the household poverty status is based on the components and standard formulae used in PSC survey for BISP. Some additional information was also gathered by adding questions, such as household income and expenditure, social assistance, polio vaccination and participation in community organizations in the household questionnaire. The perceptions of UC representatives regarding Impact of Conflict on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Host Communities, Community Conflict Resolution, Assessment of the Local Economy and Livelihood Opportunities as well as perceptions regarding vaccination were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Senior knowledgeable representatives of the UC with diverse expertise were requested to share their ideas with respect to the aforementioned issues. From each selected UC Focus Group Discussions were administered to compile participants‟ views on:

Community mobilization

Impact of IDPs on the local economy and on the host community

Attitude and perceptions of the community on vaccination / polio

Needs analysis and categorization – priority areas of investment

Perception regarding interventions by NGOs

Environmental issues Further, community institutions in selected areas were also assessed in terms of legitimacy, inclusion and participation, effectiveness, relevance and governance. A semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire was administered to the relevant personnel of the community institutions.


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1.3 Household Survey Strategy The salient feature of the strategy followed in the household survey includes:

An adequate amount of field staff (Field Supervisors and Enumerators) were hired with the appropriate qualifications and experience. It was ensured that all the survey team members had valid Computerized National Identity Cards (CNICs).

The Training of the Trainers (ToT) was arranged by AASA Consulting in Quetta and Islamabad followed up sessions in Quetta and Swat. During these sessions, the Master Trainers (i.e. District Team Leaders) were given detailed trainings on how to train the field staff for the purpose of conducting the data collection surveys throughout the province smoothly.

The Enumerators, Field Supervisors and Field Editors were given trainings, consisting of pre-trial survey training session and post-trial survey training session by the Master Trainers.

Detailed logistic plans and field procedures for each district were developed for management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including people that are involved in the process of gathering information.

For each selected UC, detailed profiles were created with the areas marked in blocks for the household census along with UC maps to assist field teams. The District Team Leaders along with Field Supervisors were responsible for this task. An attempt to hire local Field Supervisors was made to ensure that they are able to provide the most information for their respective UC.

After the negotiation with community leaders and community mobilization teams, data collection was started in the designated UCs. Every effort was made to ensure that no household was excluded from the enumeration.

An interview with head of the household was preferred. However, in case of non-availability of the head, any adult (18 years and above) or knowledgeable household member was selected as a respondent.

After completing the interview, the household unit was marked by the interviewer with a serial number, date and team code for back checking and verification.

Monitoring teams and District Supervisors were responsible for checking the quality of the submitted forms and to take any appropriate action for the inconsistencies and irregularities.

The following tools were designed and shared with the PPAF team before finalizing and starting field surveys; Household PSC Questionnaires, Questionnaires for Media Habits, Checklists for FGDs, UC profile questionnaires and Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire.

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field Some of the key challenges faced by our field teams during the data collection phase are shared in this section. The survey was designed to achieve carpet coverage of the targeted UCs and efforts were made to administer the survey to ensure 100 percent coverage. As in any field work there have been exceptions, refusals and household members not being available and so on. The following are some of the hurdles the field team faced:


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Baloch Separatists: The mobility of the field teams was hampered significantly due to strong vigilance of the Baloch separatists who have a strong hold in the Awaran district. They are a major cause of concern as they do not want social organizations to work in this district. Closed Houses: There were some houses that were found locked by the field teams due to seasonal or permanent migration. The people of these houses had temporarily shifted to other places for different reasons (e.g. for employment, visiting relatives, treatment of a family member etc.) and had not returned to their homes during the time of the survey. The field teams were instructed to visit the house at least three times before leaving the area to ensure maximum coverage. Non Cooperation of Households / Non Participation: There were some households that were asked not to participate in this survey by the separatists. These households were then visited by the field supervisor in a bid to convince them to give their household information. The field visit turned out to be fruitful in some cases however; those households that still denied participation were left during the survey. Possession of CNIC and its Reporting: Lastly, the lack of data on the CNIC numbers is again due to the distrust of the people living in the targeted UCs. This mistrust has been created due to militant insurgencies in these areas as people do not trust the people who visit their households for the purpose of data collection and doubt their intentions. Another challenge faced in the field was possession of CNICs, many were missing because CNICs were taken by the land owners, lenders, shopkeepers and political leaders for their own vested interests.


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2.0 Findings of the Household Survey

Poverty Score Card in Pakistan

The Poverty Scorecard (PSC) for Pakistan adopted by BISP has been developed by the World Bank as a tool to measure change in poverty in an effective way and to support the management of development program that focus on alleviating poverty. The PSC uses proxy means testing (PMT), which are based on proxies of income such as family characteristics, ownership of assets and housing features. The scorecard recommended by BISP uses 12 inexpensive-to-collect indicators which are highly related to poverty and changes in poverty. Statistically optimal weights, assigned to the indicators or components improve the predictive power of household poverty status. The relevant empirical literature suggests that PSC methodology is comparatively better for identifying underprivileged households as opposed to national surveys of household income and expenditures. This is particularly true in a developing country such as Pakistan, where it is difficult to collect accurate income and expenditures data and to determine the value of household wealth. Thus, the inability to assess household income or expenditures correctly makes the comparison invalid and inappropriate between poverty determined by PSC and poverty estimated through the household income or expenditures data1. To determine the household poverty status in the selected UCs, the exact methodology regarding components, weights and cut-off points, adopted by BISP for estimating household poverty status is applied. Moreover, in order to target particular groups for specific interventions, it is important to decide cut-off points for the analysis of poverty in terms of severity and vulnerability. This study uses PPAF recommended following cut-offs for the determination of household poverty status.

Poverty Score Household Poverty Status

0-11 Extremely Poor

12-18 Chronically Poor

19-23 Transitory Poor

24-100 Non-Poor

Findings This section summarizes main findings of household census which was carried out in the selected UCs of the district. The description starts with the estimates of household status in terms of multidimensional poverty as measured by the PSC methodology which is followed by the information regarding the nature of household demography, household socioeconomic and housing characteristics, household wealth status, social assistance, extent of community mobilization and household media habits. According to Exhibit 1, about 24, 23 and 22 percent of households in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao UCs respectively are designated as poor following the BISP methodology. Accordingly, the poor population in these UCs is estimated at 30, 30 and 25 percent.

1 The major objective of the household survey for this study was to collect information regarding the

components of Poverty Score Card (PSC), while a simple one-line question was also asked about household monthly income and expenditure. However, the income and expenditure data provides a crude and rough picture of household economic status and not suitable for determining household poverty status or for comparison with the PSC results.


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Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

UC

Percentage of Poor Households

[0-23 Poverty Score]

Poor Population

Percentage Numbers

Awaran 24.60 29.53 2558

Teertaj 23.33 29.99 1280

Camp Jhao 21.90 24.54 551

Source: Household Survey

The distribution of households according to various cut offs are furnished in Exhibit 2. The exhibit reveals that majority of poor belong to the category of “transitory poor” with poverty scores of 18 to 21 points. In contrast, no household is designated as „extremely poor‟ with poverty score less than 11, mainly due to very low dependency ratio in all UCs2. The insignificant percentage of „extremely poor‟ households is also due to high ownership of assets (durable, land, livestock) in the selected UCs. Assets such as cooking stoves are a basic necessity for the local people as it is used for cooking, and heating purposes during winter. Also, livestock is a major source of livelihood in Balochistan, which also increases the poverty score of the household.


2.1 Demography The estimated population of each UC is displayed in Exhibit 2.1.1, while important demographic indicators of UCs are furnished in Exhibit 2.1.2. In terms of population, Camp Jhao UC is relatively small with only about 600 households. The average family size is estimated around 4 in all selected UCs. Very low dependency ratios are observed in all UCs due to higher share of active population. Barring Camp Jhao UC, the sex ratio is in favor of males in other UCs; for each 100 women there are about 116-119 males. The proportion of less than five children is around 24 percent in the selected UCs.

2 A score of 15 is assigned to those households which have less than or equal to 2 dependents.

0 3

21

75

0 6 17

77

0 1

21

78

0

20

40

60

80

100

Extremely Poor Chronically Poor Transitory Poor Non-Poor

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs

(In Percentage)

Awaran Teertaj Camp Jhao


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Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected UCs

District Tehsil UC Households

Population

Total Male Female

Awaran

Awaran

Awaran 2358 8661 4657 4004

Teertaj 1123 4268 2317 1951

Jhal Jhao Camp Jhao 630 2245 1081 1164


Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

UC Family Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Awaran 4 116 76 24 57

Teertaj 4 119 64 17 62

Camp Jhao 4 93 69 15 60


In Exhibit 2.1.2a the demographic indicators have been disaggregated according to the household poverty status. According to the exhibit, poor households have relatively large family sizes and higher dependency and sex ratios. This is not surprising because these indicators are used in estimating the household multidimensional poverty.

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators By Household Poverty Status

UC Family

Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Awaran

Non-Poor 3 115 64 23 61

Poor 4 121 113 27 48

Teertaj

Non-Poor 3 121 59 20 64

Poor 5 113 75 11 58

Camp Jhao

Non-Poor 3 96 63 15 63

Poor 4 85 91 15 54


The CNIC status of adult (18 years and above) household members is depicted in Exhibit 2.1.3. About 64 to 68 percent members of household reported having CNIC; while the majority of those who do not have CNIC are female members. The exhibit reveals that 27 to 35 percent female and 1 to 5 percent male populace do not possess CNIC. No significant variations are observed in terms of household poverty status. The importance of having a CNIC is yet to be


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registered among the masses of the lesser developed areas in Pakistan. A CNIC is only made if it becomes necessary. Since women in the selected UCs do not work or travel, households deem making their CNICs as a waste of time and resources. It is difficult to assess the reason behind the low percentage of CNIC ownership in the targeted UCs. One reason may be due to weak coverage of NADRA in these areas. Another reason might be the lack of trust that the local people have on such surveys due to the troubled law and order situation and Baloch insurgency. Hence, it is unclear whether the data on the people who reported non-ownership of CNIC is accurate. Due to the lack of trust on the law enforcement agencies, people at times do not disclose information related to their CNICs as they fear that these surveys are being conducted by them. Nonetheless, low percentage of female registration is a major cause of concern. The problem arises from the fact that people do not realize the importance of national identification. People do not believe that there is a need for women to hold a CNIC as they are not expected to do things that men do such as work or vote. Therefore, awareness campaigns are required in order to disseminate the importance of the CNIC to the people of the selected UCs.

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 years and above

UC Have A CNIC CNIC Number Not Provided

Do Not Have A CNIC

Male Female

Awaran 64.07 0.40 1.36 34.57

Teertaj 68.28 0.25 5.13 26.59

Camp Jhao 67.73 0.84 3.42 28.84


Information regarding households‟ residential status are collated in Exhibit 2.1.4. According to the exhibit, almost all households reported residing in the area for more than 15 years, while an insignificant percentage of the population migrated during the last 15 years, mostly from other areas of Balochistan.

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

UC

Households Reported Residing in the Area

for more than 15 Years [%]

Households Migrated During

Last 15 Years [%]

Migrated From

Balochistan[%]

Other Provinces

[%]

Awaran 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0

Teertaj 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.0

Camp Jhao 99.8 0.2 0.2 0.0


Assembled in Exhibit 2.1.5 are the reasons for migration, which were also probed from those households who reported having migrated to the selected UCs. Searching for jobs and education are the major reasons narrated by the migrant households.


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Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

UC Jobs Education Food

Security

Bad Governance and Law and

Order

Family Dispute

Relatives Migrated

National Disasters

Awaran 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Teertaj 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao

0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


According to Exhibit 2.1.6, very few households reported the disability of household members in the selected UCs. The exhibit also provides the type of disabilities. Household member‟s disability, disaggregated by gender is furnished in the Exhibit 2.1.6a, while disability statistics of children of less than 5 years are produced in the Exhibit 2.1.6b. No significant differences are observed across gender, while relatively less incidences of disability are reported in children of less than five age cohort. Moreover, no differences are noted in terms of disability across poor and non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member– Percentage of Households

UC No Disability

Type of Disabilities

Deaf Dumb Abnormal Blind Leg Hand

Awaran 99.93 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0

Teertaj 99.93 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao 99.73 0.09 0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

UC No

Disability



Awaran

Male 99.91 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0 0.0

Female 99.95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0

Teertaj

Male 99.96 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Female 99.90 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao

Male 99.72 0.19 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Female 99.74 0.0 0.26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



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Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

UC No

Disability



Awaran 99.81 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.14 0.0 0.0

Teertaj 99.87 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.13 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao 100.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


The full immunization coverage and polio vaccination is reported by more than 95 percent households in the selected UCs of the district. Exhibit 2.1.7 asserts that about 99, 95 and 99 percent immunization coverage is confirmed in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao UCs respectively. The figures however should be considered cautiously, as no proof regarding immunization was requested from the respondent during the survey. Also, the survey data shows no significant relationship between household poverty status and child immunization.


2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics To represent households‟ socioeconomic status, information regarding occupation, education, adult literacy and household expenditure is tabulated in this subsection. Occupation The type of occupations of active (15-64 years) members and head of households are assembled in Exhibit 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, respectively. Both exhibits clearly reveal that the major occupation in the area is the wage employment followed by agriculture sector activities. About 70 to 92 percent head of household reported wage employment in the selected UCs. Both exhibits also show the extent of unemployment. Very few (less than 1) percent head of households asserted that they are currently searching for jobs. Meanwhile the percentage of unemployed persons in the age cohort 15-64 is relatively high in the area. About 3 to 13 percent household adult members are searching for jobs in the selected UCs. About 9 percent households in Teertaj UC reported working as government employees.

99

95

99 99

97

99

92

94

96

98

100


Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years

(In Percentage)

All Infants Get All The Vaccines All Infants Get Polio Vaccines


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Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self

Employed Agriculture

Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Awaran 2.10 0.67 2.06 3.74 88.35 3.07

Teertaj 8.77 1.55 2.80 5.75 68.63 12.50

Camp Jhao 4.12 2.59 9.76 11.13 64.63 7.77


Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Awaran 1.70 0.64 2.00 3.79 91.78 0.09

Teertaj 8.77 1.07 3.13 6.62 79.77 0.63

Camp Jhao 3.90 2.44 11.20 12.18 69.64 0.65


The occupations reported by head of household are further tabulated with respect to gender and household poverty status. Exhibit 2.2.2a and 2.2.2b furnishes this information. It is not surprising that the incidence of female headship is very low and insignificant in these patriarchal areas.

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household By Gender – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Awaran

Male 1.70 0.64 2.00 3.79 91.69 0.09

Female 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.0

Teertaj

Male 8.77 1.07 3.04 6.62 79.68 0.63

Female 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.0 0.09 0.0

Camp Jhao

Male 3.90 2.44 11.20 12.18 69.32 0.65

Female 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.32 0.0


In contrast, significant differences are observed in the choice of occupation across poor versus non-poor households. Generally, wage employment proportions and agriculture related activities are both higher in poor households. The exhibit also confirms the no head of poor households is currently searching job.


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Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household By Poverty Status – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Awaran

Non-Poor

1.98 0.85 1.70 4.41 90.96 0.11

Poor 0.87 0.0 2.94 1.90 94.29 0.0

Teertaj

Non-Poor

9.70 1.29 3.74 6.43 78.04 0.82

Poor 5.75 0.38 1.15 7.28 85.44 0.0

Camp Jhao

Non-Poor

4.59 3.13 11.06 11.69 68.68 0.84

Poor 1.46 0.0 11.68 13.87 72.99 0.0


Exhibit 2.2.2c presents the breakdown of people by UCs who are currently looking for a job by age group. The majority of unemployed youth (15-25 years) is illiterate in Awaran UC, however the percentages of unemployed population declared having education above primary level are notable in other two UCs. The incidence of having education above matriculation however in general is very low and insignificant.

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

UC Age Illiterate Primary or Below Primary

Above Primary But Below

Matric Intermediate

Above Intermediate

Awaran

15-25 Years 64.06 0.0 35.94 0.0 0.0

26-49 Years 50.00 0.0 37.50 12.50 0.0

50-64 Years 100.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Teertaj

15-25 Years 13.93 1.64 81.15 3.28 0.0

26-49 Years 23.68 5.26 65.79 5.26 0.0

50-64 Years 0.0 0.0 100.00 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao

15-25 Years 30.30 3.03 54.55 9.09 3.03

26-49 Years 36.36 18.18 45.45 0.0 0.0

50-64 Years 100.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Education & Adult Literacy Anyone who has ever attended school is considered to be a literate according to the BISP methodology. Therefore, literacy should not be confused with the ability of a person to read or write any language. Exhibit 2.2.3 reports the literacy status in the targeted UCs. The exhibit reveals the evidence of very low literacy rates in the area. About 5, 22 and 16 percent of the literacy rates are estimated in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao UCs respectively. As expected, female literacy is significantly lower as compared with male literacy rates. Female literacy rates in the selected UCs are observed in the range of 4 to 12 in contrast to male literacy rates of 7 to 32 percent. The rate in Awaran UC is significantly low as compared with other two UCs.


17


As the level of education of is a constituent of PSC and used in the estimation of household poverty status, differences in adult literacy rates are expected in poor versus non-poor households. Interestingly, literacy rates in poor households are higher than in non-poor households in Teertaj UC, while the differences are not large in other UCs. The phenomenon again reflects that in estimating poverty, the role of dependency ratio is important in the selected UCs.

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School By Household Poverty Status)

Exhibit 2.2.4 disseminates the status of school enrollment in the 5-14 age cohorts, while Exhibit 2.2.4a provides this information disaggregated by household poverty status. Overall, about 57 to 79 percent children in selected UCs are enrolled in schools; 56-80 percent boys and 58-78 percent girls. Again, as this information is used in the estimation of household poverty status, differences in children enrollment are expected. The incidence of children enrollment is 6 to 29 percent low in poor households as compared with the non-poor households. The highest difference if observed in Awaran. Thus the exhibit reveals a positive correlation between the financial status of the household and the percentage of school enrollments, as children belonging to the non-poor households have significantly higher enrollment rates.

A summary measure known as the Gender Parity Index (GPI) is commonly used to assess gender differences. It is the value of an indicator for girls divided by that for boys. A value of less than one indicates differences in favor of boys whereas, a value near one indicates that parity has been more or less achieved. Exhibit 2.2.4 and Exhibit 2.2.4a also documents the prevalence in gender disparities in school enrolment for the children in primary and secondary age groups. The exhibit reflects very low gender disparities. The magnitudes are quite large, especially in Camp Jhao UC. Moreover, variations are also observed across UCs in terms of GPIs. Nonetheless, no clear trend is evident, especially in GPIs disaggregated by household poverty status.

5 7 4

22

32

10 16

19 12

0

10

20

30

40

Overall Male Female

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School)


6 8 4 4 4 5

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overall Male Female

Awaran

Non-Poor Poor

19

29

9

27

41

13

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overall Male Female

Teertaj

Non-Poor Poor

16 22

11 15

12 17

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overall Male Female

Camp Jhao

Non-Poor Poor


18

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

UC

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Awaran 56.7 55.9 57.9 0.81 0.59

Teertaj 63.0 61.9 64.7 0.62 0.74

Camp Jhao 78.8 79.5 78.2 0.99 0.92


Exhibit – 2.2.4a

School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

UC

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Awaran Non-Poor 69.9 70.0 69.8 0.80 0.54

Poor 40.0 37.8 43.2 0.83 0.78

Teertaj Non-Poor 69.3 69.0 69.7 0.65 0.62

Poor 53.6 50.7 57.7 0.53 0.97

Camp Jhao Non-Poor 80.9 80.9 80.9 0.99 0.95

Poor 74.3 76.3 72.6 0.99 0.85


Household Expenditure Although the major objective of the household survey was to collect information regarding the components of PSC, a simple one-line question was also asked about households‟ monthly income and expenditure. Thus, Exhibit 2.2.5 which reports average expenditure portrays a crude and rough picture of a households economic status. On average, per capita monthly expenditure is estimated to be almost 3400-4600 Pakistani Rupees, respectively. However, it is noted that significant differences exist in poor and non-poor households in terms of per capita expenditure (Exhibit 2.2.5a).

15,671 14,773

11,483

4,603 4,391 3,436

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000


Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Monthly Expenditure Total Monthly Expenditure Per Capita


19

Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure By Poverty Status– Average Rupees

UC Total Monthly Expenditure

Total Per Capita

Awaran Non-Poor 15,937 4,959

Poor 14,853 3,513

Teertaj Non-Poor 15,654 4,918

Poor 11,894 2,671

Camp Jhao Non-Poor 11,478 3,566

Poor 11,500 2,980


Household loan and saving habits are recorded in Exhibit 2.2.6. The exhibit clearly reveals no incidences of obtaining loans from NGOs or any microfinance institutions. Further, about 4 to 7 percent households confirmed occasional forced saving due to expected future expenditure, while the incidence of regular saving is even low. Due to insignificant differences with respect of household poverty status, the disaggregated loan and saving phenomenon is not tabulated here.

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

UC Loans Obtained Saving Reported

Did Not Obtain Loans Reported Occasionally Regularly

Awaran 100.0 0.0 6.5 6.1

Teertaj 100.0 0.0 3.6 3.2

Camp Jhao 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


2.3 Housing Characteristics

Various features of house structures, housing services and housing conditions in the targeted UCs are put together in the Exhibit 2.3.1, while disaggregated information according to the household poverty status are furnished in Exhibit 2.3.1a. Almost all households (more than 99 percent) reported the house ownership irrespective of UCs and irrespective of household poverty status. The phenomenon of separate houses dominates in the selected UCs, followed by portion of houses which is reported by households in Awaran and Teertaj UCs. More or less similar trend is observed in sharing conditions of housing unit in terms of disaggregated information. Almost all households, irrespective of UCs and irrespective of household poverty status have a „Kacha‟ structure. However, about 8 percent households in the Teertaj UC are observed having „Kacha-Pucca‟ house structure. About 5, 20 and 28 percent of households in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao respectively, do not have toilets in their houses. However the majority of households confirmed the presence of a Box system toilet in the area. Insignificant percentage of households reported having flush system in the toilet. In terms of poverty status 36-46 percentages of poor households do not have toilets in their houses in the Teertaj and Camp Jhao.


20

The major and the dominated source of drinking water is well which is reported by 42 to 98 percent of households in the selected UCs. Other significant source of fetching water is hand pump which is reported by about 35 percent of households in Awaran and Teertaj. „Karez‟ is also report by few households in Teertaj. Moreover, the pattern for sources of getting water is not significantly different in poor households as compared with non-poor. Wells and hand-pump are the major sources of water in poor households of the targeted UCs

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

UCs


Number of Households 2358 1123 630

Ownership of Housing Unit 98.9 99.0 99.2

Number of rooms Average 1 1 2

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 56.0 60.4 85.7

Combined House 6.9 11.3 7.6

Portion of House 36.3 26.7 6.2

Others 0.8 1.6 0.5

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 0.3 2.1 1.4

Kacha 97.4 90.0 97.3

Kacha-Pucca 1.1 7.6 0.8

Others 1.2 0.3 0.5

Condition of Toilets

Flush System 0.3 0.5 1.0

Box system 93.9 71.0 70.6

No Toilet in House 5.1 19.9 28.3

Others 0.8 8.5 0.2

Sources of Water

Government Connection 0.3 1.8 0.3

Well 61.2 41.8 98.3

River/pond etc. 0.1 5.3 0.0

Hand Pump 35.2 35.7 0.0

Connection outside house 0.2 0.2 0.2

Motor Pump 0.0 0.2 0.2

Karez 3.9 17.5 1.1



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Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions By Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

UCs


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 1778 580 861 262 492 138

Ownership of Housing Unit 99.1 98.3 98.8 99.6 99.2 99.3

Number of rooms Average 1 1 1 1 2 1

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 53.2 64.5 57.7 69.1 84.1 91.3

Combined House 7.4 5.3 12.0 9.2 8.1 5.8

Portion of House 38.5 29.7 28.6 20.6 7.1 2.9

Others 0.9 0.5 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.0

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 0.4 0.0 2.7 0.4 1.6 0.7

Kacha 97.5 97.2 90.1 89.7 97.2 97.8

Kacha-Pucca 1.0 1.4 7.0 9.5 0.8 0.7

Others 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7

Condition of Toilets

Flash System Toilet 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 1.2 0.0

Box system Toilet 94.7 91.4 76.0 54.6 75.4 53.6

No Toilet in House 4.7 6.6 15.2 35.5 23.4 45.7

Others 0.4 1.9 8.1 9.9 0.0 0.7

Sources of Water

Government Connection 0.3 0.2 1.5 2.7 0.4 0.0

Well 59.6 66.0 43.8 35.1 98.2 98.6

River/pond etc. 0.1 0.0 0.2 22.1 0.0 0.0

Hand Pump 36.3 31.9 38.4 26.7 0.0 0.0

Connection outside house

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7

Motor Pump 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Kariaz 4.3 2.4 18.1 15.6 1.2 0.7


2.4 Household Wealth Status Household wealth in the selected UCs is represented through the ownership of household durable assets, agriculture land and livestock. Exhibit 2.4.1 furnishes the extent of ownership of durable assets. The exhibit clearly reveals insignificant incidence of assets ownership of household durables. Only ownership of cooking stove is reported by about 40 percent households in Awaran and Teertaj, while in Camp Jhao the ownership of this asset is also insignificant. About 3 and 9 percent of households in Awaran and Camp Jhao respectively confirmed the ownership of television. Ownership of washing machine is reported only in Awaran by about 4 percent households. Household disaggregation with respect to poverty status confirms the significantly lower incidence of asset ownership in poor households.


22

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

UCs


Number of Households 2358 1123 630

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 0.3 0.2 0.3

Cooking Range 0.2 0.0 0.2

Geyser 0.2 0.2 0.8

Freezer 0.2 0.1 0.2

Television 3.4 0.2 8.7

Motor Bike 1.1 0.4 0.3

Microwave 0.6 0.0 0.2

Heater 1.1 0.5 0.2

Cooking Stove 36.5 39.5 1.9

Car 0.5 0.2 0.3

AC 0.8 1.0 1.3

Tractor 0.5 0.6 0.2

Washing Machine 4.0 0.0 0.0

Air Cooler 0.7 0.2 0.2


The ownership of agricultural land is evident in the Exhibit 2.4.1a. The ownership of agricultural land is also not reported by significant percentage of households in selected UCs. About 1, 2 and 0.5 percent households in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao respectively confirmed the ownership of land. The average ownership of land in these households ranges in between 7 to 9 acres. As expected, the ownership and amount of agricultural land in poor households is significantly lower as compared with non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Agriculture Land Ownership

UCs


Percentage of Households Have Agriculture Land 0.9 2.4 0.5

Average Acres of Land Owned 9.00 8.07 6.67

Exhibit 2.4.1b presents the ownership status of households in terms of livestock. Livestock is one of the major sources of helping poor people sustain during testing times. Among the livestock, goats are the major categories which are reported by households in the selected UCs. The percentages of households who reported ownership of cows are not more than 10 percent. The percentages of poor households who reported the ownership of these livestock are however significantly lower than non-poor households.


23


Exhibit 2.4.1c furnishes the ownership status of assets in a disaggregated form according to the household poverty status. The data suggests that ownership of durable assets among the poor households is almost absent. Cooking stove is the only asset that is owned by a significant percentage of poor households.

Although variation exists among the livestock holdings of poor and non-poor households but livestock are owned by a significant portion of poor households as well. Livestock such as goats, hens, cows and sheep are owned by both poor and non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.4.1c Household Assets By Poverty Status

UCs


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 1778 580 861 262 492 138

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0

Cooking Range 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Geyser 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0

Freezer 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Television 4.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 10.4 2.9

Motor Bike 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

Microwave 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Heater 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

Cooking Stove 42.9 16.7 48.0 11.8 2.4 0.0

Car 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0

AC 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.6 0.0

Tractor 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0

Washing Machine 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Air Cooler 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Percentage of Households Have Agriculture Land

1.2 0.0 2.8 1.1 0.4 0.7

Average Acres of Land Owned 9.00 0.0 8.71 3.00 7.50 5.00

1 1 13 10

75

36

0.2 0.4 10

3

73

36

0 0.3 2 3

66 66

0

20

40

60

80

Bulls Buffalos Sheep Cows Goats Hens

Exhibit – 2.4.1b Livestock Ownership Reported

[Percentage of Households]



24

Exhibit – 2.4.1c Household Assets By Poverty Status

UCs


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Bulls 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Buffalos 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.7

Sheep 14.4 8.8 9.1 12.2 1.8 2.9

Cows 11.4 6.0 2.7 1.9 2.2 4.3

Goats 79.5 62.4 75.3 64.1 69.7 52.9

Hens 36.6 35.2 34.7 40.1 69.3 55.8


2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization During the household survey, incidence of social transfers, type of social assistance and household member‟s affiliation with the COs were probed. This section summarizes the main findings. According to Exhibit 2.5.1, insignificant percentage of households reported receiving social assistance.


Exhibits 2.5.1a and 2.5.2 also disclose almost non-existence of BISP support program as well as PPAF programs in selected UCs.

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers By Poverty Status

UC Households Receiving

Social Assistance Households who Benefitted

from PPAF Programs

Awaran Non-Poor 0.1 0.0

Poor 0.0 0.0

Teertaj Non-Poor 0.0 0.0

Poor 0.0 0.1

Camp Jhao Non-Poor 0.2 0.0

Poor 0.0 0.2


0.2

0

0.2

0

0.1

0.2

0

0.1

0.2

0.3


Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Receiving Social Assistance Benefitted from PPAF Programs


25

Exhibit – 2.5.2 Type of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

UC BISP Support Programs

Zakat/Ushr Financial Health Employment Education

Awaran 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Teertaj 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0


A general question regarding various development schemes in the area was also included in the household questionnaire. Exhibit 2.5.3 furnishes the percentage of households who confirmed the benefits from specific development schemes. To some extent, water supply projects in Teertaj are reported by about 7 percent households. However, almost all households reported no development schemes in the area.

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Scheme – Percentages

UC Water Supply

Paved Roads

Paved Streets

Sewerage Systems

Bridges No

Schemes

Awaran 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.0

Teertaj 6.6 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 92.5

Camp Jhao 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 99.0


In Awaran UC about 7 percent male as well as female members confirmed affiliation with COs. However, the phenomenon does not exist in other two UCs. Moreover, participation in community management training as well professional training is also reported by insignificant percentage of households.

Exhibit – 2.5.4 Households Who Reported Affiliation with Community Organization - Percentages

UC Male as Female as

Member Manager President Member Manager President

Awaran 7.21 0.0 0.0 7.21 0.08 0.0

Teertaj 1.96 0.0 0.0 1.96 0.0 0.0

Camp Jhao 0.16 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.16 0.16


Exhibit – 2.5.5 Training of Household Member – Percentage of Households

UC

Members Acquired Community Management Training

Members Acquired Professional /Technical

Training Male Female

Awaran 0.13 0.59 0.04

Teertaj 0.09 0.53 0.0

Camp Jhao 0.32 0.48 0.16



26

2.6 Media Habits

A separate module regarding the media habits of the population was administered to the selected households in the targeted UCs. Routines and practices regarding listening to the radio, watching TV, reading newspapers and magazines and using the computer, internet and mobile phones were asked. This information is summarized in Exhibits 2.6.1 through 2.6.6. About 51, 64 and 63 percent households listen radio in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao UCs respectively for two to three hours daily preferable during evening and night. Favorite channels in the selected UCs are BBC Urdu, FM-88, Radio Pakistan and Voice of America (Exhibit 2.6.1).

Exhibit – 2.6.1 Media Habits – Radio Listening

UC


Percentage of Household Who Listen Radio 51.20 63.87 62.38

Radio Channels *

BBC 14.40 10.08 2.97

FM 88 6.40 17.65 43.56

Radio Pakistan 9.60 7.56 7.92

Deo Radio 15.20 5.04 11.88

Voice Of America 12.80 24.37 0.0

Aap Ki Dunya 13.60 2.52 1.98

FM 92 0.80 5.04 0.0

FM 96 8.00 6.72 2.97

FM 106.2 7.20 12.61 0.0

FM 101 10.40 5.88 0.0

Monthly Frequency of Listening to the Radio

30 30 30

Average Daily Hours – Listening to the Radio

3 2 3

Listening Time

Night 28.00 36.97 14.85

Evening 11.20 15.13 32.67

Morning 4.80 2.52 1.98

Morning/Evening 0.0 0.0 0.0

Afternoon 2.40 6.72 9.90

* Multiple Response Variables

Exhibit 2.6.2 reveals information regarding watching TV in the selected UCs. Significant variations exist regarding TV watching. While about 67 percent households confirmed watching TV in Awaran and Teertaj, the comparable percentage is 89 in Camp Jhao. Households usually spent 2 to 3 hours for watching TV daily during night and their favorite TV channels are GEO, PTV, ARY, EXPRESS and BBC.


27

This percentage of viewership is not directly correlated to ownership of televisions. Generally in rural areas, the community watches television at hotels, restaurants and market areas.

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

UC


Percentage of Household Who Watch TV 66.40 67.23 89.11

TV Channels *

Geo 36.80 30.25 27.72

Ptv 25.60 42.02 59.41

Ary 22.40 14.29 9.90

Express 22.40 29.41 63.37

Sports 13.60 12.61 8.91

Samaa 0.80 5.04 5.94

BBC 1.60 17.65 25.74

Wash 0.0 0.0 0.0

Ptv Home 8.00 1.68 8.91

Ajj 3.20 0.0 1.98

Star 1.60 2.52 2.97

Monthly Frequency of Watching TV 30 30 30

Average Daily Hours – Watching TV 3 2 3

Time for TV Watching

Night 57.60 42.02 42.57

Evening 4.00 13.45 18.81

Morning 1.60 5.04 9.90

Afternoon 0.80 3.36 14.85

Evening/Night 1.60 0.84 0.99


Significant percentage of households reported newspaper readership. About 3 to 10 percent households confirmed newspapers reading habit in the selected UCs of the district. The highest (10) percentage is observed in Teertaj UC. Favorite Urdu newspapers include Zarb Momin, AJJ, Express and AZADI (Exhibit 2.6.3). Moreover, about 1 to 4 percent households in the selected UCs reported having a magazine reading habit (Exhibit 2.6.4).


28

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Newspaper Reading

UC


Percentage of Household Who Read Newspapers

2.80 10.12 7.20

Language

Urdu 2.80 10.12 7.20

English 1.00 3.36 0.99

Newspaper *

Zarb E Momin 1.20 5.10 4.55

Ajj 0.60 3.03 2.73

Jang 2.20 1.68 2.97

Express 1.20 4.45 2.77

Intekhab 0.0 0.0 0.0

Azadi 1.00 6.81 5.84

Dawn News 1.00 3.36 1.98

Aain 100 9.24 0.0


Exhibit – 2.6.4 Media Habits – Reading Magazine

UC


Percentage of Household Who Read Magazines 1.3 3.61 2.74

Language*

Urdu 1.3 3.61 2.74

Balochi 1. 0 0.0 0.0

Magazines*

Mashriq 1.1 3.29 0.0

Sunday Magzine 0.8 1.68 0.0

Koh Mor 0.0 1.72 1.91

Khel 0.0 0.24 0.82

Akhbar E Jahan 1.20 1.04 0.95


Significant percentage of households reported use of computer and internet in the selected UCs of the district. About 42, 47 and 65 percent households confirmed using computer in Awaran, Teertaj and Camp Jhao respectively (Exhibit 2.6.5). Similar high percentages are noticed in case of using mobile phones. More than 97 percent households use cellular phones.


29

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

Awaran Teertaj

Camp Jhao

Percentage of Households That Use Computers 42.40 47.06 65.35

Percentage of Household That Use the Internet 36.00 45.38 61.39

Average Hours (Daily) - Internet 2 2 2

Percentage of Households That Use Mobile Phones 96.80 99.16 99.01

Percentage of Household That Use Mobile Phones for Text Messaging

83.20 95.80 90.10

Exhibit 2.6.6 reports household perception regarding the most reliable source of information. Newspaper and Radio are perceived as the most reliable source of information according to the majority of households in the selected UCs. However, the popular source of getting information is community meetings.

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Household Perception Regarding Source of Information

UC


Reliable Sources:

Newspaper 35.20 42.86 5.94

TV 24.00 15.13 16.83

Radio 12.80 28.57 53.47

Friend 14.40 8.40 15.84

Religious Leader 6.40 0.84 0.0

Popular Sources:

Community Meeting 92.80 96.64 93.07

Community Theater 2.40 1.68 4.95

Music 4.80 0.84 1.98


30

3.0 Community Profile Most of the labor force in the proposed UCs is absorbed by people working as daily wagers. These people work in the trade and agriculture sector mainly. The amount of people working as private or government employees is very less. A lot of people in all of the UCs work as Home Based Workers (HBWs). Last 5 years have been very tough on the lives of the people living in these areas. The deadly earthquake that occurred in 2013 and whose epicenter was the Awaran district is primarily responsible for hurting the welfare of the people residing in these areas. Apart from this, the poor law and order situation, insurgency, separatist movement, military operation, changing climatic conditions, economic crisis and rising prices of public services and inflation are some of the major issues that the people of the selected UCs are facing. In order to sustain, people took some extraordinary measures, which include; selling livestock, land and other assets; decreasing expenditures; and migrating within the district, outside the district and outside the country in search of jobs. Although unemployment continues to be a problem in the targeted UCs but getting employment became relatively easier in the last 3 years as compared to before. The cultivation of onions and cantaloupes is primarily responsible for this. People who grew onions and cantaloupes benefitted as in the last 3 years as its production has been exceptional and so has been its price in the open market. Moreover, a lot of people migrated to gulf economies in search of jobs, which increased the number of opportunities in the selected UCs. One setback to the local people, however, have been that the Makran Coastal Highway used to pass from the Awaran district before. This had created a lot of jobs and businesses for the people. Nonetheless, now that the highway bypasses the district a lot of people have lost their jobs, which mainly came from hotels, oil related business and car repair shops.

3.1 Tribes

Balochistan is rich in its tribal culture whose history dates back to many centuries. The existing and most powerful tribes in the proposed UCs are mentioned in the table below:

UC Name Major Tribes Most Influential Tribes

Awaran Darzadah, Mirwani, Sajdi Mirwani, Darzadah & Sajdi

Teertaj Darzadah, Mirwani, Sajdi, Sangoor & Umrani Mirwani, Sajdi & Sangoor

Camp Jhao Bazenjo, Kheyal, Mirwani, Muhammad Hasni,

Rakhshan, Sarmasqani & Umrani Umrani, Kheyal & Bazenjo

3.2 Conflicts The proposed UCs of district Awaran are engulfed in some of the issues that are Balochistan specific. The conflicts that occur in these areas are diverse in nature and are driven by both, social and political factors.

Majority of the disputes that exist in these are related with the ownership of land. Land grabbing is a serious issue in the proposed UCs and a lot of conflicts occur due to this criminal activity. Moreover, land issues also arise due to disputes pertaining to inheritance.

To gauge the existing state of affairs in the

proposed districts, two methods were used. In the first place, FGDs were conducted with the local residents of

each UC and, secondly, information was

extracted from the Union Council Profile

Questionnaires that was conducted with people

residing in the proposed UC who were deemed

as informative and knowledgeable about the social climate of

their area.


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Inheritance of wealth often triggers disputes among the family members.

A lot of disputes in these areas occur during the election period where the supporters of contesting political parties clash with each other.

Tribal and ethnic confrontations are also a major component of conflicts that exist in the proposed UCs.

Scarcity of water is a major issue in these areas and often results in disputes among people.

Limited earning opportunities in the province have frustrated the young people of the area, which often translates into disputes.

Domestic issues also cause disputes among people. These disputes include:

Marriages, which can become a bone of contention between families, especially when a man and woman want to get married with; their own choice or someone belonging to a different tribe.

Feuds between husband and wife often result in divorce. Divorces are a major issue in the selected UCs

Family Feuds.

Poor infrastructure disrupts the social order of the area. Absence of a proper system of water and sanitation, unpaved roads and lack of bridges produces a lot of difficulties in the lives of the people.

Loans and other financial dealings often end up in disputes among the people involved and their families.

Conflict Resolution: Police stations are only present in the urban centers of district. The main responsibility of maintaining law and order lies in the hands of levies. Jirgas, which is comprised of tribal elders, are the most preferred medium of conflict resolution in these UCs. Apart from jirgas, sardars are used as a medium to resolve conflicts in these areas but the problem with this system is that it is dependent upon the presence of the sardar himself and the time that he is ready to invest in it. The elders of the family try to solve the domestic disputes of a family. In case their efforts fail, the dispute is then raised in a family jirga which is comprised of the elders of the household. Courts are almost non-existent in these areas. People are of the belief that jirgas and sardars provide speedy and cheap justice. In some areas the political leaders also intervene to solve the disputes between the grieving parties.

3.3 IDPs Camp Jhao is the only UC where IDPs were found. The primary reason for this is the earthquake that jolted a significant part of the entire district a few years ago. People residing in this area affirmed that the presence of the IDPs pose a negative impact on the socio-economic environment of the area. It was noted that the presence of IDPs diminishes the opportunities for the natives of the area and increases criminal activities and conflicts. Apart from Camp Jhao, none of the other 2 UCs are facing the issue of IDPs.

3.4 Child Vaccination Apart from in Teertaj, almost 100% of the children are being immunized against polio and other harmful viruses in the other 2 UCs. However, a room for improvement still exists in all of the


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proposed UCs, especially Teertaj. Nonetheless, the situation regarding child vaccinations is much better in these areas as compared to other parts of the province.

3.5 Environmental Analysis The climate of these areas is semi-arid: hot in summers and mildly cold in winters, while dust storms are experienced throughout the year, however they become severe during June and September. These storms are known as livar in local language. The rainy season is mostly during April, May, June, and July, whereas, a little rainfall is also recorded during December and January. In the recent past, the proposed UCs have been a subject to various environmental plights that include, earthquake, flash floods, droughts and destruction of crops due to pesticides. There is vast potential for development of cultivable land, which is constrained by the scarcity of water. However, this could be overcome by efficient conservation of flood water and recharge of existing water resources. This would increase the cropping area in the proposed UCs. The UCs are moderately covered with forest; however, a negligible area has been conserved as a State Forest or Wildlife Protected Area while the rest is unclassified wasteland (mostly community owned). Overall naturally occurring vegetation including shrubs, bushes and grass can aptly be termed as rangeland. These rangelands are substantially contributing to the local economy of the district as a forage source for their livestock. More than 50% of the area in the selected UCs is covered with rangeland. The two main issues that are faced by these UCs are that of droughts and water logging. Nonetheless, droughts were cited as a serious issue in both of the proposed UCs of Awaran district. This issue arises from the absence of a proper system for water distribution. As reported the proposed UCs have faced droughts 3-4 times in last 5 years. Although both droughts and water logging are a cause of worry, people have been most affected by droughts; droughts diminish the arable land significantly. The issues pertaining to water and sanitation are in an abysmal state in both of the targeted UCs. A proper system is not available for the disposal of human waste. People complained that water that comes out from their houses stands in front of their and other people‟s houses. Due to the poor system for sanitation people continuously remain at risk to catch harmful diseases and viruses. Similar is the story for the disposal of litter and rubbish. People have found ways on their own to get rid of litter from their house because a system for it has not been built yet. Most of the people in both UCs dump the garbage of their house either in front of their house or someplace far from their house.

3.6 Law and Order The UCs are protected by two main agencies, the local levies and the police. The town area is covered by police stations and the rest of the district comes under the levies forces possessing chowkis/Thanas. The selected UCs are present in one of the most unsecure districts of Balochistan. Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF) is the major anti-state organization functional in the district and involved in militant activities including attacks on armed forces and government officials. A major earthquake hit Awaran in the aftermath of which the Pakistan Army was deployed. This deployment resulted in a weakened BLF.


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Some of the crimes that are common in the proposed UCs include; theft; dacoity; illegal capture of wealth and assets; murder; and kidnapping for ransom. Some of the criminal activities are triggered by in-house/family fighting as well. An informal justice system is working as it routinely works in most of the areas of Baluchistan. Family matters related to women and other small issues are sorted out through mediation of local elders and feudal lords.

3.7 Gender The status of the women in the selected UCs is no different than the rest of the areas of Balochistan. Men are more dominant in economic and political settings and women have limited civil rights. The literacy rate among females is a very low because they are not encouraged to pursue further studies at a very young age due to cultural practices. Gender based violence is very common and most of the time, not reported. Women are often denied their rights of inheritance despite our religious values. The male dominant society prefers the stemming male value system. Activities of the women are limited to domestic affairs only. In town areas, some families allow their women to express their opinion in family affairs but to a very limited extent. Women are rarely allowed to own productive assets such as land or livestock. They are unpaid workers as their contribution in the field goes uncompensated. Furthermore, their economic contribution is discounted in most official statistics. Women face a lot of problems in these areas. The societal pressures, backward traditions and culture, all play a part in keeping them aloof from the public sphere. Backward norms and traditions have stymied the growth of young girls. They continuously fear for their security due to social stigmas, societal pressures and a highly insecure environment. Lack of higher educational institutes such as colleges and universities affects presence of advanced skills; this ultimately hinders their income generating capacity. Weak implementation of inheritance and divorce laws further adds to their woes. Women hardly inherit or are given their due share and, therefore, they are deprived of wealth and other assets. Family restrictions hurt women‟s mobility which in effect limits their education and employment opportunities. There is a dearth of health facilities, especially maternal healthcare institutes, which puts the health of women at risk. Women do not enjoy the liberty of independent movement. Family restrictions are also impeding women‟s progress because they are not allowed to participate in the decision making process of household activities.

3.8 Financial Institutions

No banks or financial institutions were observed and nor were they mentioned by the respondents In Camp Jhao and Teertaj. In Awaran district the presence of United bank Limited (UBL) was reported. The locals of Camp Jhao and Teertaj travel to Awaran or other urban area to avail banking services.

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development A number of community issues enfold the socio-economic environment of Camp Jao, Awaran and Teertaj. Based on the FGDs conducted in these UCs, the community identified a number of problems prevalent and areas which require immediate attention. 3.9.1 A Snapshot of Community Issues and Development Needs The issues that the communities are facing and its possible solutions at each UC were obtained from the FGDs and are mentioned in the table below.


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3.9.2 Details of Community Issues and Development Needs Rising Unemployment: One of the major issues faced in these UCs is the lack of jobs for both men and women. Whether it‟s due to individuals being uneducated or people being hired due to their connections and networks, not because they are the most qualified person. Unemployment causes poverty and places a lot of pressure on families. It also gives lee way for

UC Community Issues Community Needs

Camp Jao

Men: Unemployment, lack of entertainment such as sports, dearth of basic needs such as water and electricity and lack of water for watering farmland.

Women: Scarcity of safe drinking water, lack of a water supply, dearth of health services, unemployment and lack of basic needs such as water, electricity and roads.

Boys: Lack of libraries, insufficient areas to engage in recreational activities and unable to access good quality education.

Girls: Shortage of libraries, lack of extracurricular activities, lack of access to good quality education, shortfall of technical/vocational centers.

Building high schools and colleges, especially for girls.

Access to educational institutions.

Presence of training/vocational institutes and availability of technical/vocational trainings.

Infrastructural development in terms of building pipelines for the water supply, dams, libraries and playgrounds for young men and women.

Availability of health services especially for women and for maternal health.

Introduction of agricultural loans in banks and financial institutions.

Awaran

Men: Lack of education, shortfall of medical institutions, unemployment, poverty, availability of drugs and a better agricultural market.

Women: Insufficient access to education, shortfall of medical institutions as well as services, scarcity of vocational centers and unemployment.

Boys: Lack of education, no place for recreational activities, shortage of libraries and insufficient technical/vocational skills training.

Girls: Lack of libraries, lack of education and its institutes, insufficient availability of skills training such as handicrafts.

Construction of hospitals and dispensaries for access to basic healthcare facilities especially maternal health.

Construction of high schools especially for girls.

Business development of factories so that the unemployed can earn.

Distribution of loans or assets in order for individuals to start businesses.

Construction of girls‟ school and colleges.

Teertaj

Men: Lack of education, shortfall of medical institutions, unemployment, poverty and lack of employment opportunities.

Women: Insufficient access to education, shortfall of medical institutions as well as services, scarcity of skills training such as handicrafts and health issues relating to kidney problems.

Boys: Lack of good quality education, accessibility of drugs, shortage of skills training, unemployment, shortfall of health facilities and services and unavailability of libraries.

Girls: Inadequate healthcare facilities, lack of education and its institutes, insufficient playgrounds.

Construction of hospitals and dispensaries for access to basic healthcare facilities especially maternal health.

Construction of high schools especially for girls.

Business development of factories so that the unemployed can earn.

Distribution of loans or assets in order for individuals to start businesses.

Construction of girls‟ school and colleges.


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people to fall prey to other illicit activities. For women however, they are unemployed due to their restricted mobility as well as not being able to get permission to work from their families. Lack of Recreational Activities: For many young boys and girls, getting to play outside and participate in extracurricular activities is a luxury. Due to the security issue and political instability, children are often confined to their homes and therefore, lack an outlet for enjoyment and relaxation. A playground and library is a space for children to be just that, children. They do not have to worry about anything except for having fun. Alongside that it is an integral part of their personal growth and health. Unmet Basic Needs: Every basic need of the people within these communities has not been met. Necessities such as water, electricity and roads are missing. The lack of water causes various inconveniences for everyone as they have to access unsafe, dirty drinking water, which in turn causes a plethora of health issues like Teertaj, women have claimed having kidney problems. The lack of water also especially affects farmers as they are unable to water their land and cannot reap the benefits from their crops. By having inaccessible medical facilities, lack of doctors and medical supplies further adds to the problems of the people in these UCs. Another basic need that is missing is electricity; power lines are non-existent which means that there is no heat available for the harsh winters among other things. Road networks are also missing which means peoples‟ mobility is restricted; they‟re cut off from the rest of the area. Farmers are unable to get their produce to the market and therefore, unable to earn for their families. Accessibility of Drugs: This particularly affects young men in Awaran and Teertaj. Drugs are easily to anyone, many young men engage such activities because it‟s a way to escape their difficult lives as well as they have nothing to do. Most of them are unemployed, uneducated with no tangible skills. Drugs are being illegally smuggled into these areas and are readily available to anyone who is seeking them. Hindrance to Education: The lack of education affects both men and women; women are more adversely affected by it. There are very few good quality primary and secondary schools. The teachers in these schools are not trained and thus, are unable to disseminate knowledge in the most effective way. The illiteracy rate is substantially higher among girls and women of the area, which restricts gender equality and women‟s empowerment significantly. Apart from societal pressures, religious beliefs and archaic norms and culture there are some other issues that impede women‟s education in these areas, which is security. A common trend that is observed in the UCs is the dropout rate of girls from primary to secondary school is extremely high. The reason behind this is that the families of the girls fear for their security as a proper transportation system for the students is not present. Shortfall of Technical and Vocational Training Centers: Another issue is an insufficient supply of technical and vocational centers; these centers will disseminate skills such as fruit and food processing for women and mobile repairing for men, which will help people find or gain employment. Community Needs: Development of Infrastructure: Among the health facilities people reiterated the need for developing new clinics, dispensaries and clinics. Also, female staff should be trained and deployed at these facilities to attend female patients. Most of the existing health facilities lack quality and are using outdated apparatus. Also, trainings are required for the staff of these medical facilities as the existing staff lacks quality. In the education sector, the selected UCs also requires construction of new schools for both boys and girls. There is a particular need for building girls‟ schools and colleges so that parents feel secure in sending their children to school. Training of teachers is required to enhance the quality of the existing schools.


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Construction of road networks to help open up peoples‟ access to outside areas as well as provision of bus and train services. Construction roads, irrigation networks, power lines and pipelines for water is also another urgent need within these UCs as it will give people access to the outside world. Having clean safe drinking will annihilate health issues plaguing people and farmers will be able to water their land and provide for their families. A particular need that was expressed by farmers was the need for leveling land so it‟s easier to farm. Dissemination of Technical and Vocational Trainings: Technical and vocational trainings should be provided to the community members to increase their income earning opportunities. This is a way for people to immerse themselves into productive work that will benefit them greatly throughout their life. Alongside construction of these centers, there also needs to be availability of competent trainers who can best pass down information to people. Quality Education: For many even though they have access to educational institutions, the quality of education is poor. Many teachers within these areas aren‟t properly qualified or do not have access to all the supplies needed to properly instruct their students. Some places do not have a proper curriculum set out for the students. Teachers with expertise in their subject or education should be brought in so that children received quality education that will help them throughout their lives. Rehabilitation Centers: Rehabilitation centers should be constructed with medically qualified staff should be available in the area. Those who wish to seek help for their addiction are able to do and are helped by professionals who know what they are doing. The local government should also implement strict laws and policies to stop drug trafficking in Balochistan. Stringent security checks should be placed on goods being brought into the area so that law enforcing agencies can catch those responsible. Availability of Playgrounds and Libraries: Young boys and girls should have access to playgrounds and libraries. This will spurt their physical and mental growth as well.


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4.0 Community Institutions

During the survey it was observed that the community institutions present at the grass root level are either following a three tier structure or a two tier structure. Since PPAF was the architect of LSOs hence, in UCs where PPAF has interventions, a three tier structure is present. This structure involves LSOs, COs and VOs working under the Development Institute/ Partner Organizations. However, in other areas two tier structure is found in which LSOs are not present and development institute are directly dealing with the VOs and COs.

4.1 Community Institutions for the People

The security issues that engulf the Awaran district are causing distress to the vulnerable communities as there are very few NGOs that want to work in this area. The mobility of the field teams has become insecure as certain elements do not want any institution to work in that area. The activities of the separatist movement hinder the progress of the social projects. Recently, a lot of NGOs have closed their offices in Awaran due to these issues. NRSP is the only major NGO that is present in the selected UCs at the moment, however, it is imperative to mention that even NRSP has closed down its offices in a few places due to the law and order situation.

National Rural Support Program (NRSP)

NRSP was founded in 1991 with the help of the Government of Pakistan. It was registered as a non-profit organization under Section 42 of Companies Ordinance in 1984. NRSP three main social service sector lines and they are education, health and sanitation. NRSP is spread out all over the country, its presence in every province. Thus, NRSP has an impressive 165,328 Community Organizations (COs) all over Pakistan. NRSP uses social mobilization as their plan of execution. They offer vocational skill training, micro-finance services, physical infrastructure development, and environmental and natural resource management, awareness of women‟s rights, and their right to participate in local developments. NRSP works with a multitude of funding and donor agencies such as Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Program, the World Bank, the UK Department for International Development, USAID, the Government of Pakistan, Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe, the ILO, ADB, IFAD, UNICEF and many others. All of the surveyed community institutions in the selected UCs have been formed by NRSP.

National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) NCHD was established by the Government of Pakistan in 2002 with the purpose to promote and expand human development efforts in the country. For the last 13 years NCHD has made continuous efforts to promote literacy in 134 districts of Pakistan. The organization has a network of almost 100 Human Development Support Units across the country. The list of partners of NCHD is enormous and contains donors belonging to a wide range of sectors. From the UN Agencies to commercial banks to telecommunication companies to oil companies, there is a whole gamut of private and public owned companies that support NCHD

4.2 Community Institutions of the People

This section presents the details of the community institutions that were surveyed in each of the proposed UC separately. Looking at the available apparatus at the ground in the proposed UCs it can be easily suggested that the community institutions have the capacity to undertake interventions with efficacy. Apart from a few areas where community institutions have been formed recently, most of the community institutions are already mobilized (socially) and have ample experience and strong credentials in a whole gamut of sectors. Making use of the community institutions will be helpful in saving valuable resources, money and time.

UC Development Institute

Awaran NRSP & NCHD

Teertaj NRSP

Camp Jao NRSP


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4.2.1 Awaran LSO LSO (Sichkan) is comprised of 14 VOs, 33 male COs 6 mixed COs and 53 WOs. The LSO was formed by NRSP in 2010. NRSP and PPAF have funded Sichkan‟s projects in the past. These projects have been in the fields of health, education, agriculture, rehabilitation and emergency response.

Name Formed

in Formed

By VOs

COs (M)

Cos (Mix)

WOs Previous Work

Sichkan 2010 NRSP 14 33 6 53

Health & Education, Agriculture

Rehabilitation Emergency Response

VOs

All of the surveyed VOs were formed after 2009 and have an average experience of almost 5 years. All VOs were formed by NRSP and ever since, have been funded by NRSP and PPAF. The surveyed COs are comprised of 2-3 COs and 3 WOs. The COs have previously worked in fields related to agriculture, education, rehabilitation, language and emergency response.

# Name of VO Formed In COs Cos Mix WOs Previous Work

1 Choko 2009 3 0 2 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

2 Nadgo 2010 2 0 4 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

3 Morinko Cheb 2010 3 0 4 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

4 Duraski 2010 0 0 3 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

5 Kuch 2010 3 0 2 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

6 Ziyarat Dan 2009 2 0 4 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

7 Chedagi 2010 3 0 3 Agriculture And Rehabilitation /Emergency

8 Mashi 2010 2 0 2 Agriculture Education & Language

9 Gazzi 2010 3 0 4 Agriculture

10 Haar Bazar 2010 2 2 1 Agriculture

11 Duraski 2010 1 1 5 Agriculture

12 Mashi 2012 4 0 3 Agriculture

13 Panneyamo 2012 2 1 5 Agriculture

14 Niabat 2012 2 1 3 Agriculture

COs

On average, each CO has 14 members and has 6 years of experience. All of the surveyed COs were formed by NRSP. These COs are mainly responsible for social mobilization of the community and capacity building.


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# Name of CO Formed In Members Previous Work

1 Gareb Abad 2009 15 Mobilization & Capacity building

2 Azad 2009 10 Mobilization & Capacity building

3 Chedgi Mosa Bzr 2009 10 Mobilization & Capacity building

4 Zom Dan Pirandar 2009 12 Mobilization & Capacity building

5 Sonobar 2009 16 Mobilization & Capacity building

6 Gulam Jan Bazar 2009 10 Mobilization & Capacity building

7 Sameen Nadago 2009 16 Mobilization & Capacity building

8 Jore Phol 2009 20 Mobilization & Capacity building

9 Garai Female 2009 13 Mobilization & Capacity building

10 Savera Female 2009 17 Mobilization & Capacity building

4.2.2 Teertaj LSO LSO (Kolwah) caters the entire UC (Teertaj) and is comprised of 17 VOs, 46 male COs, 10 mixed COs and 88 WOs. The LSO was formed by NRSP in 2010. Over the past 5 years, NRSP and PPAF have funded Kolwah‟s projects. These projects have been in the fields of health, education and drinking water. Moreover, many areas of Awaran including Teertaj were jolted by a deadly earthquake in 2013. In the midst of relief efforts, there was a dire need of projects pertaining to emergency work and response. During this period Kolwah also participated in disaster risk management (emergency work and response).

Name Year of

Establishment VOs

COs (M)

Cos (Mix)

WOs Previous Work Formed By

Kolwah 2010 17 46 10 88 Health & Education,

Drinking Water, Emergency Work and Response

NRSP

VOs

Apart from 3 VOs, all of the remaining surveyed VOs were formed during 2009 by NRSP and have an average work experience of five and a half years. They have been mainly funded by NRSP and PPAF. The VOs in this UC are primarily responsible for creating a close liaison between the LSO and the COs and assuring smooth transition of projects from one phase to another.

# Name of VO Formed In COs WOs Previous Work

1 Hosham 2012 4 6 Networking and Coordination

2 Kallaro 2012 3 4 Networking and Coordination

3 Machi 2009 4 8 Networking and Coordination

4 Itehaad 2009 4 3 Networking and Coordination

5 Kehn Maalar 2009 4 8 Networking and Coordination

6 Pir Jan Bazar 2009 6 8 Networking and Coordination

7 Kunari Maalar 2009 4 8 Networking and Coordination

8 Itefaaq 2009 4 5 Networking and Coordination


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# Name of VO Formed In COs WOs Previous Work

9 Kark e Dhal 2009 4 3 Networking and Coordination

10 Kandoor 2009 2 8 Networking and Coordination

11 Regetee 2009 6 6 Networking and Coordination

12 Lad 2009 3 4 Networking and Coordination

13 Meshod 2009 4 3 Networking and Coordination

14 Kolwah 2012 5 4 Networking and Coordination

15 Nok Aap 30/7/2009 4 6 Networking and Coordination

16 Shay Kunari 21/6/2009 3 3 Networking and Coordination

17 Kulli 28/6/2009 3 3 Networking and Coordination

COs Surveyed COs have 15 members and have almost 6 years of experience on average. Out of the 10 COs that were surveyed for this project, all of them were formed by NRSP. These COs have been mainly involved in social mobilization of the community and capacity building. These activities have so far been funded by PPAF. Some of the most pertinent details of the surveyed COs are mentioned in the table below.


1 Azad Duraski 2009 16 Mobilization and Capacity building

2 Bag o bahar 2012 16 Mobilization and Capacity building

3 Baloch Abad Maalar 2009 15 Mobilization and Capacity building

4 Chakkol Duraski 2009 15 Mobilization and Capacity building

5 Chamrok 2009 13 Mobilization and Capacity building

6 Chamrok Female 2009 15 Mobilization and Capacity building

7 Chandan a dan nil 2009 12 Mobilization and Capacity building

8 Della 2009 16 Mobilization and Capacity building

9 Geshteri Female 2009 20 Mobilization and Capacity building

10 Jaalar 2009 16 Mobilization and Capacity building

4.2.3 Camp Jhao LSO

The name of the LSO that works in Camp Jhaoo is Waja-e-Bagh. It was established 4 years ago in 2011 by National Rural Support Program (NRSP). This LSO has sufficient experience as it has worked in various projects. The LSO is comprised of 11 VOs, 47 male COs, 2 mix COs and 47 WOs. Apart from NRSP, who built the LSO, it has also received funding from PPAF. During the last 4 years it has worked in the health, education, agriculture, rehabilitation and emergency response. As discussed before, emergency response activities were triggered by the deadly earthquake that affected various areas of district Awaran.


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Name Formed

in Formed

By VOs

COs (M)

Cos (Mix)

WOs Previous Work

Waja e

bagh 2011 NRSP 11 47 2 47

Health & Education, Agriculture

Rehabilitation Emergency Response

VOs

All of the surveyed VOs were formed by NRSP. Each VO comprises of 4 COs and 4 WOs on average. All VOs were formed in 2009 and have 6 years of experience during which they have mainly worked in the agriculture sector (seed, fertilizers, etc.).

# Name of VO Formed In COs Cos Mix WOs Previous Work

1 Lal Bazar 2009 3 1 3 Agriculture

2 Hanken 2009 4 0 5 Agriculture

3 Arrah 2009 5 0 4 Agriculture

4 Sarmastani bit 2009 4 0 4 Agriculture

5 Shaheen 2009 5 0 5 Agriculture

6 Gajjaro 2009 0 1 3 Agriculture

7 Itefaqe 2009 5 0 5 Agriculture

8 Kundi 2009 4 0 4 Agriculture

9 Wajah Bagh 2009 4 0 6 Agriculture

10 Sargawat 2009 5 0 4 Agriculture

11 Sistagan 2009 5 0 3 Agriculture

COs

In total, the surveyed COs are comprised of 15 members and have 5 years of experience on average. All of the surveyed COs were formed by NRSP. These COs have previously worked in social welfare, education and infrastructure development. The projects in these areas have been mainly funded by NRSP and PPAF.


1 Roshin Khayal 2012 18 Social Welfare, Education & Infrastructure

2 Hamdard lanjar 2009 15 Social Welfare & Education

3 Sargwath 2012 15 Social Welfare

4 Sada Bahar 2009 13 Social Welfare

5 Qandeel 2009 15 Social Welfare

6 Al Jazeera 2012 16 Social Welfare

7 Kalatoo 2009 13 Social Welfare, Education & Infrastructure

8 Nok Abad 2009 18 Social Welfare, Education & Infrastructure

9 Gajjaro 2009 15 Social Welfare

10 Kundi 2009 16 Social Welfare


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Summary of Community Institutions A proper structure of the community institutions, which is comprised of LSO, VOs, COs and WOs, is present in all of the selected UCs. The surveyed community institutions have ample experience in projects related to emergency response and rehabilitation, agriculture, education, health, infrastructure, drinking water and social welfare. Interestingly, a minimum of 47 WOs are present in each of the selected UCs. This can turn out to be useful in order to mobilize the women of the area and implement projects related to women empowerment and gender equality. Nonetheless, it is imperative to mention that due to the troubled law and order situation, a lot of development institutes have shut their operations in this district and are now operating from the relatively safer districts of the province. Many community based organizations have become dysfunctional due to this.


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Annexures

Baseline Profile of Selected UCs of District Awaran

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Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary

District Tehsil Union Council

HHs with Score Range Summary HHs with Score Range Summary in Percentage

(%) Total

% Poor Non Poor Total

HH

Poor Non Poor

0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100 0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100

Awaran Awaran

Awaran 2 73 505 580 1778 2358 0.08 3.10 21.42 24.60 75.40 100

Teertaj 3 68 191 262 861 1123 0.27 6.06 17.01 23.33 76.67 100

Jhal Jhao Camp Jhao 0 4 134 138 492 630 0.00 0.63 21.27 21.90 78.10 100

Gwadar Gwadar Pashkan 105 358 720 1,183 3777 4960 2.12 7.22 14.52 23.85 76.15 100

Sur Bandar 342 924 1179 2,445 3583 6028 5.67 15.33 19.56 40.56 59.44 100

Killa Abdullah Chaman

Zaband 36 348 609 993 3969 4962 0.73 7.01 12.27 20.01 79.99 100

Purana Chaman 48 187 387 622 2570 3192 1.50 5.86 12.12 19.49 80.51 100

Gardi Pinki 13 125 273 411 2471 2882 0.45 4.34 9.47 14.26 85.74 100

Kech Kech

Kalatuk 211 493 447 1,151 1125 2276 9.27 21.66 19.64 50.57 49.43 100

Gokdan 159 643 898 1,700 1336 3036 5.24 21.18 29.58 55.99 44.01 100

Ginna 236 540 474 1,250 1405 2655 8.89 20.34 17.85 47.08 52.92 100

Killa Saifullah Muslim Bagh Muslim Bagh 19 146 429 594 2671 3265 0.58 4.47 13.14 18.19 81.81 100

Kan Mehtarzai 103 322 373 798 1346 2144 4.80 15.02 17.40 37.22 62.78 100

Lasbela Hub Sakran 271 402 388 1,061 1364 2425 11.18 16.58 16.00 43.75 56.25 100

Uthal Winder 44 216 602 862 1023 1885 2.33 11.46 31.94 45.73 54.27 100

Panjgur Panjgur

Washbood 14 205 419 638 773 1411 0.99 14.53 29.70 45.22 54.78 100

Sordo 42 121 248 411 1263 1674 2.51 7.23 14.81 24.55 75.45 100

Gramkan 3 107 174 284 842 1126 0.27 9.50 15.45 25.22 74.78 100

Pishin Karezat Bostan 66 299 368 733 804 1537 4.29 19.45 23.94 47.69 52.31 100

Barshore Kushab 73 300 412 785 1472 2257 3.23 13.29 18.25 34.78 65.22 100

Zhob Zhob

Badinzai 52 212 298 562 2093 2655 1.96 7.98 11.22 21.17 78.83 100

Shahbazai 32 184 268 484 1390 1874 1.71 9.82 14.30 25.83 74.17 100

Meena Bazar 113 335 367 815 1422 2237 5.05 14.98 16.41 36.43 63.57 100

Total

1,987 6,612 10,163 18,762 39,830 76,774


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Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire


46


47


48


49


50


51

Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire


52

Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire


53


54


55


56


57


58


59


60

Annexure 2D: UC Profile Questionnaire


61


62


63


64


65


66


67


68


69


70


71


72


73


74

Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire


75


76


77


78


79

Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet


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81

Annexure 3: Field Team of District Awaran

# Name

1 Fatima

2 Aziz ullah

3 Pathani

4 Abida

5 Qaisar Rasheed

6 Uzma

7 Hakim Ali

8 Zenat

9 Hameeda Bibi

10 Zoya

11 Suriya Akbar

12 Rukhsana Jabeen

13 Sanam Wahid

14 Zulekha

15 Nasir Rasheed

16 Sabira Bibi

17 Nazia Gul

18 Zohoor Ahmad

19 Farida

20 Rasheeda Bibi

21 Saifullah

22 Janat Bibi

23 Marvi Akbar

baseline profile of ucs awaran, teertaj & camp jhao of...

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