baseline climatology of viti levu (fiji) and current climatic trends melchior mataki aiacc-sis09...
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![Page 1: Baseline Climatology of Viti Levu (Fiji) and Current Climatic Trends Melchior Mataki AIACC-SIS09 Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e835503460f94b84c73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Baseline Climatology of Viti Levu (Fiji) and Current Climatic TrendsBaseline Climatology of Viti Levu (Fiji) and Current Climatic Trends
Melchior Mataki
AIACC-SIS09
Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (PACE-SD)The University of the South Pacific, Suva, FijiTel: (+679) 321 21 51 ; Fax: (+679) 330 91 76
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Purpose of PaperPurpose of Paper
To characterize the observed behavior of surface climate at Nadi and Suva
To obtain an impression of on-going climate trends and their impact on exposure units
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75% of Fiji population (~800,000), ~210,000 are in the greater Suva (capital) area
Economic activities: Agriculture-based economy with
heavy reliance on a single crop – sugar cane. Other main contributors to GDP are tourism and garment-manufacture - most of these are located in Viti levu
Land mass - 10,388km2
Dry in leeward (Nadi) 200cm annual rainfall (ARF)
Wet on windward east side(Suva) 300cm to 600cm (ARF)
Viti Levu (Fiji)Viti Levu (Fiji)
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Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) Stations Nadi Suva ~200km apart
Surface temperature and rainfall data 1961 - 2003 Max & Min temperature (T) Daily rainfall (RF)
Climatological StationsClimatological Stations
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Baseline period (1961-1990) T & RF analysis Monthly and Annual climatological
means (normals)
Time series analysis on seasonal and annual basis
Data AnalysisData Analysis
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Results & DiscussionResults & Discussion
Nadi Suva
Annual Climatological NormalsAnnual Climatological Normals
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Monthly Climatological NormalsMonthly Climatological Normals
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T-AnomaliesT-Anomalies
Nadi Suva
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Max & Min TMax & Min T
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RF AnomaliesRF Anomalies
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ENSO is the key factor for variability in the Pacific climate system at interannual timescales.
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El Nino and RFEl Nino and RF
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SPCZ and Heavy Rainfall Events in PICs
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Equatorial Indian Ocean temperatures also affect rainfall over the Pacific
• Warmer or colder sea surface temperatures (SST) affect the Earth's atmospheric circulation pattern such as to modulate the intensity of rainfall over most of Tropics.
• A phenomenon known as the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been found to affect the monsoon circulation and the MJO itself is affected by the variation of the SSTs.
• The MJO can be characterized by a large-scale eastward movement of air in the upper troposphere with a period of about 20-70 days, over the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans at approximately 200 hPa in the upper troposphere.
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Observed Sea level ChangesObserved Sea level Changes
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The Island of Viti levu has a low adaptive capacity, high sensitivity to external shocks and high vulnerability to climate change
The inter-seasonal/annual variability in RF significantly affects the socio-economic activities on the island
Warming signals are already evident and there are evidences to suggest that sea level is rising
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
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Climate variability has significant impacts in Viti levu (also other islands in the pacific) on all strata of socio-economic activity.
While climate disasters (cyclones, floods and droughts) have prime impacts, inter-annual variability continually affects agricultural production, water resources, energy and many other sectors.
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
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Observed signals of climate change and enhanced climate variability in Viti levu call for a number of critical actions:
Island/region & sector specific adaptation strategies based on proven knowledge
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks