Barber

Why reference?

References add credibility to your work and show that you have researched your topic

References strengthen your argument and discussion

References acknowledge sources and help in avoiding plagiarism

References allow your reader to verify your research

When do I reference?

Cardiff University (2006) [Internet] Information literacy resource bank, Accessed 24/6/07, Available on <ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial>

PlagiarismThis is using

someone else’s ideas and representing them as your own

By learning to reference correctly you can avoid this

Harris, R (2001), [Internet] The Plagiarism Handbook, Accessed 24 June 2007 Available from <http://www.pyrczak.com/antiplagiarism/author.htm>

•There is much information which is known by everyone.•Sometimes it is specific to your field of study.•Sometimes it is general information known by the wider community.

You do not have to reference this.

Referencing systems

There are many referencing systems.Two main systems used by school age

students are:

The Numerical System e.g. the Footnote system

In text referencinge.g. The Harvard system

The Numerical system

The numerical system uses footnotes, with a superscript immediately following the reference.

The reference appears at the bottom of the page.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of this system is that the text is not cluttered.

References do not affect a word count.

But referencing can become confusing.........

Example of the numerical system

The issue of asylum seekers and refugees is often dominant in our media. But I discovered that the word asylum has a long history with a favorable connontation.¹

¹ Burnside, Julian. (2006.) Talking about asylum seekers. Wet ink Issue 3, Winter 2006, Page 15

HarvardHarvard uses a reference immediately following

the quote, the summary etcThis is called an ‘in text’ reference

Advantages and disadvantages

It has the advantage of being neat and straightforward

……but it tends to clutter the text

And

In text references add to a word count

An example of Harvard

The information given to me in my interview with Samuel Jones (2007) showed me clearly the techniques of charcoal drawing.

Or

It became obvious in 2006 that the captain and the vice captain were having communication difficulties (Paul 2007)

•Go to the web site below and complete the online tutorial.

•https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/tutorial/activity.htm

•The trick about referencing is consistency.

•If you are using a numerical system do not change to Harvard.

•If you are using Harvard do not change to a numerical system.

•Information in a footnote and reference list must be ordered. •Always keep the order the same (e.g. author, date, title, publisher, place.

•Universities publish their own specific guides which differ between institutions.

We suggest that you all follow the guides given here

When you leave school and if you undertake further study the institutions will give you their specific guides.

Activity

Access the following website from Cardiff University and carry out the online tutorial

https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/index.html

Bibliography or reference list?A bibliography includes all resources consulted in

your assignment for the gathering of information whether you cited them or not.

A reference list is only the resources you actually used and consequently cited (referenced).

In most cases your teachers are actually asking you for a reference list.

The Bibliography or Reference List

Appears at the end of your assignment.Resources are listed in alphabetical order of

author. (or title of article, book, etc if no author).

Do not divide the bibliography or reference list into different types of resource unless your teacher specifically asks you to do this.

Sample Bibliography - Harvard

Art Gallery of South Australia ,2007, Craft through the ages exhibition, Adelaide, March 4-24.

Compass ,2007, In the mind’s eye, Television program, SBS, Sydney, 4 May.

Howell , J 2007 New times in store, Viewed 12 April 2008. <www.lorduni.edu.au>

Jones, T 2004, How humans think, Penguin, London.

Walters, J et al, When only the best will do, Wakefield Press, Adelaide.

Appendices

These are used to include material which is not essential to your text, but which adds to and supports it

E.g. photos, tables, questionnaires, transcripts of interviews, articles etc.

Appendices must appear in the Table of Contents if you are writing a report

Appendices must be referred to in your work.

Reference orderMinimal capitalization is needed – titles in italics BookRecord the author’s surname & initials, Year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication.  Book with no authorTitle of book, Year of publication, Place of Publication, Publisher.

Encyclopedia Record the Title, Year of publication) Place of publication, Publisher, Date or volume number, page numbers 

Internet – world wide web

Record the author’s surname & initials, (if known), Year of publication, Title, Viewing date, <URL>

E.g. Black J, 2000, The elephants are coming, Viewed 4 March 2008, <http://www.africanzoo.edu>

If no authorTitle, Year of publication, Viewed +date, <URL>

 

Magazine articleRecord the author’s surname and initials, (Year of publication), Title of

magazine, Date or volume number, page numbers. Personal communications – These may be letters, interviews,

telephone conversations, SMS, discussions etcRefer to this in the text but do not add to the reference list. Ensure that you

have obtained permissions first. Radio broadcastLeading with technology, 1999, [radio program], ABC Radio, Sydney, 2 March. Television programHow do we live?  2003, [television program], ABC Television, Sydney, 8 May.

VideoTitle of program, Year of publication, [Video], Place of publication, Publisher. 

Further researchThe following website has excellent resources on

referencing.

https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/index.html