balconies - hubilo · the bs 9991 private balcony enclosure threshold an open balcony is one that...
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Balconies
Setting standards in designMark Taylor - Allies and Morrison
Image: Dennis Gilbert
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BS 8579 – Guide to the design of balconies and terraces
(all references courtesy of BSI)
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Definitions
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Balcony or terrace?
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Firebalcony
accessible external amenity platform above ground level exterior to and with direct access from a building
walkway
Exterior passage affording access to an apartment above ground level
terrace
accessible space positioned above internal space above ground level exterior to and with direct access from a building
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Enclosure
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EnclosureWhat is a ‘winter garden’?
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Enclosureopen balcony
balcony that has guarding but no other form of vertical enclosure and does not provide protection to the occupants from weather
enclosed balcony
balcony that is protected from rain ingress by a roof and weather screen
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Enclosureopen balcony
balcony that has guarding but no other form of vertical enclosure and does not provide protection to the occupants from weather
enclosed balcony
balcony that is protected from rain ingress by a roof and weather screen
BUT AT WHAT POINT DOES A BALCONY BECOME ‘ENCLOSED’?
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EnclosureThe BS 9991 private balcony enclosure threshold
An open balcony is one that could reasonably be assumed to not become smoke-logged in a flat fire situation. At least 50% of the vertical section should be open and the area of opening should be uniformly spread around the surface…
Enclosed balconies should be treated as inner rooms
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Enclosure
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Enclosure
thermal line
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Enclosure
thermal line
fire line
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Enclosure
thermal line
fire lines
ventilation
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Enclosure
thermal line
fire lines
ventilation
solar control
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Inclusivity
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The threshold conundrum…
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The threshold conundrum…
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The threshold conundrum…
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Structure and mechanical
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Deflection limit
5 mm under a 2 kN vertical point load spread over a 200 mm square
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Deflection limit
5 mm under a 2 kN vertical point load spread over a 200 mm square
Balconies should be designed to have a minimum vertical frequency of 5 Hz
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Service life
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Components transferring load - equal service life as primary structure
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Components transferring load - equal service life primary structure
Decking and balustrade infill - 30 years
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Safety
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Guidance on:
Height of guarding and avoidance of steps
Slip resistance
Prevention of items falling from guarding rails and from/through decking
Safety for cleaning and maintenance
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Fire
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Recent balcony influenced fires
• West Hampstead
• Manchester
• Sutton Park
• Clapton
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Resistance to fire
Floors (REI)
Open balconies – No requirement
Enclosed balconies – treat as a separating floor
Partitions (EI)
Open balconies – No requirement
Enclosed balconies – treat as a separating wall
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Reaction to fire
Balconies in buildings with a floor over 18m and ALL stacked balconies regardless of height:
Use materials of A1 or A2-s1,d0 except for gaskets, seals, fixings and laminated glass
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Reaction to fire
Laminated glass – is it a risk to
the spread of fire over a façade?
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Reaction to fire
Laminated glass – is it a risk to
the spread of fire over a façade?
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Reaction to fire
More research needed
Image: Glassline/ Hoernicke Envelope
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Other measures
Non-combustible tray or soffit required – ie. no drain-through balconies
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Other measures
No drain-through balconies, ie non-combustible tray or soffit required
Terrace roofs: 6m adjacent to any facade to be class BROOF(t4)
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Fire performance of
terrace surfaces
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Other measures
Cavity barrier or fire stopping?
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Other measures
Cavity barrier or fire stopping?
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Weathering and drainage
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Current guidance on
design for roof drainage
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Should a partially sheltered balcony be treated the same as a roof ?
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For a top level balcony, the area would be found from the summation of: i) The plan area of the balcony; and ii) 50% of the exposed wall area above any solid guard railing.
For a lower level balcony (i.e. covered) the area would be found from the summation of:i) 50% of the unenclosed vertical plane above any solid guard railing on the front edge; and ii) 50% of the unenclosed vertical plane above any solid guard railing on one of the two projection edges.
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Alternative drainage strategies
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Deck and drainage surface options
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Basic strategy for prevention of leaks
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Thermal
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Wind effects
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Acoustics
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Security
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BS 8579 public consultation starts in November
PLEASE COMMENT !
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Image: Dennis Gilbert
Thank you