balanced ration & its characteristics
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Srinibas SahooManager, LBD Farm, Khapuria, Cuttack
Balanced Ration & Its Balanced Ration & Its CharacteristicsCharacteristics
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What is Ration?What is Ration?
A ration is the feed allowed for a given animal during a day of 24 hours.
*Diet: A prescribed selection of food. Diet: A prescribed selection of food.
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What is Balanced Ration?What is Balanced Ration?
A balanced ration is the ration which provides the essential nutrients to the animal in such a proportion and amount that are required for proper nourishment of the particular animal for 24 hours .
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Water - Most Important NutrientProteins - Amino Acids ,Dietary Essential Amino
Acids And Non Essential Amino Acids (Growth Of Tissues, Muscles)
Carbohydrates - Soluble Carbohydrates – Starch, Sugar, Crude Fibre – Cellulose, Hemicellulose,Lignin, (Forms Main Bulk Of The Food And Major Source Of Energy)
Necessary nutrients for Necessary nutrients for balanced rationbalanced ration
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Fats - Fatty Acids, Dietary Essential Fatty Acids(Fat Soluble Vitamins, 2.5 Times High Energy Than Protein / Carbohydrates)
Minerals - Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Fl, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Iodine
Vitamins - B1,B2,B6,B12,Niacin, Pantothenate, Biotin ,Choline, Folic Acid, Ascorbic Acid-A, D, E, and K
Necessary nutrients for Necessary nutrients for balanced ration……..balanced ration……..
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COMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATIONCOMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATION
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COMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATIONCOMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATION
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As per BIS standard (ISI/BIS-2005)
STANDARD PARAMETERS OF CONCENTRATE STANDARD PARAMETERS OF CONCENTRATE
FEEDSFEEDS
FEED CP ME FIBER FAT MOISTURE AIA SALT
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN
MAX
Dairy Special
24 26 3.2
3.2
7 8 2.5
3 10% 11% 3 4 2%
Milch 20 22 3.2
3.2
6 7 3 3 10% 11% 3 4 2%
Standard 18 20 3.2
3.2
10 12 3 3 10% 11% 3 4 2%
Dry 15 16 2.8
3 18 20 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%
Calf 25 26 3 3 10 16 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%
Heifer 18 20 3.2
3.2
10 16 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%
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It should be NUTRITIVE as per standard
It should be palatable
It should be economicalIngredients should
be locally available
Characteristics of Balanced RationsCharacteristics of Balanced Rations
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Individual FeedingIt should be fairly
bulky , but not too bulky
It should be Laxative
Variety of Feed in the ration
Characteristics of Balanced Rations…Characteristics of Balanced Rations…
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Allow much of Green fodder
Avoid sudden change in diet.
Maintain regularity in feeding
The feed must be properly prepared.
Characteristics of Balanced Rations…Characteristics of Balanced Rations…
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DM: Dry Matter content
DCP: Digestible Crude protein
TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients (Energy) =%DCP+%DCF+%DNFE+ %EEX2.25
Prime Consideration of Balanced Prime Consideration of Balanced rations:rations:DM: 2-2.5 Kg per 100
Kg B.WtDM:
Buffaloes/Crossbred 2.5-3 Kg /100 Kg B.Wt.
DCP & TDN are calculated basing on physiological needs or say for the purpose of which the animal is to be fed.
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TOTAL DRY MATTER REQUIREMENTTOTAL DRY MATTER REQUIREMENT
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A Cross-bred cow B. Wt. 400 KgTotal DM requirement= 2.5 KgX4=10 KgDM from Concentrate=10X1/3=3.33 Kg or say 3.5
KgDM from Dry Roughage=10X2/3=6.66 or say 6.5 KgDM as Dry Roughage=6.6X3/4=4.95 or say 4.9DM from green Roughage (When legume is
available)= 6.6X1/4=1.65 or say 1.6 Kg
Example:Example:
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DCP (kg) TDN (kg)
For Maintenance 0.254 3.03
For 10 Ltrs of milk with 4.5% fat
0.480 3.40
Total requirement: 0.734 6.43
A CB Cow 400 Kg yielding 10 Ltrs of milk having 4.5 % Fat
Requirement of DCP & TDNRequirement of DCP & TDN
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Requirement as per above Examples:◦ DM=10 Kg◦ Total DCP=0.734 Kg◦ Total TDN=6.43 Kg
Availability of feedstuff:◦ Paddy Straw◦ Cowpea fodder◦ Oat (Flowering) fodder◦ Crushed Maize◦ Ground Nut Cake◦ Gram-Chuni
Example of Balanced RationExample of Balanced Ration
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Dry Matter Content:◦ Concentrates=90%◦ Cereal Fodder=20%◦ Legume fodder=30%
Considerations of computation of Ration
1st: DM from roughages & concentrates
2nd:DCP3rd: TDN
◦ DCP & TDN from roughages & concentrates
Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….
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Paddy Straw=5.4 KgOat fodder=3.3 KgCow pea=2.0 KgCrushed Maize=1.66
KgGNOC=0.55 KgGram Chuni=1.66 KgMineral Mixture=1% of
concentrate mixture, i.e.39 grams
Summary: The 400 Kg B Wt., Yielding 10 liters of milk with 4.5% fat requires the following ingredients in 24 hours:-
Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….
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Increase in milk production and net daily incomeIncrease in milk production efficiency Increase in rumen microbial protein synthesisIncrease in immune status of animalsDecrease in parasitic load in animalsDecrease in enteric methane emissionIncrease in efficiency of feed nitrogen use in
milkOverall benefits of the ration balancing
programme
Why balanced rations ?Why balanced rations ?
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THANKTHANK YOUYOU
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Ingredient
Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….