baharuddin - 05-1587-ew_bill no. 2 - preambles- fr baharuddin

8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin

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Bill No. 2

Preambles

PREAMBLES TO ALL TRADES

GENERAL

A Abbreviations

Throughout these Bills Of Quantities the following

abbreviations have been used:-

m3 = Metre Cubes

m2 = Metre Square

m = Metre

No/Nr = Number

kg = Kilogramme

B Instructions On Pricing

Trade preambles are descriptions of materials and

workmanship and other matter relating to the works

and shall apply to the whole of the worksregardless of the trade headings under which they

have been described. Columns have been provided

for the pricing of these trade preambles alongside

each preamble item. The Contractor shall price

these in the normal way should he considers the

item has any monetary significance.

The Contractor is advised to study carefully these

trade preambles before the actual pricing and

submitting of his tender, as no claim for extra

payments on the ground of neglect to read thePreambles can be entertained. The rate for each

item of measured work in the Bills of Quantities

shall be held to include for all costs, expenses,

charges and expenditure arising out of complying

with the trades preambles irrespective of whether

the preamble items are priced or not.

The term "as described" as used in the description

of items of measured work shall mean "as described

in Bill No. 2 - Trade Preambles". Where so

described, items of measured work shall be read in

conjunction with the relevant item of Preambles.

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05-1587-EW 2/1 To Collection RM

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Bill No. 2

Preambles

A Materials

Unless otherwise described, all materials shall be

new and in accordance with the latest British

Standards Specifications and the Contractor shall

produce all necessary Certificates to substantiate

this fact if so required by the S.O. Unless

otherwise described the price of materials shall

include for conveyance and delivery, unloading,

storing, hoisting, all labour setting, fitting and

fixing in position, all cutting and waste,

covering up and protecting finished work, clearingaway all debris and waste, return of packings,

carriage paid, establishment and overhead charges

and profit.

B Workmanship

Workmanship generally is to be of the highest

standard obtainable and in all cases where a

British Standard Code of Practice exists and is

applicable to any portion of the Works, the

Contractor shall allow for complying with the

recommended practice unless such procedure would

directly conflict with requirements stated

elsewhere in these documents.

C New Materials

The whole of the materials use in the Works shall

be new unless otherwise described.

D Proprietary Materials

Materials of proprietary manufacture specified

hereafter, may be substituted by materials of a

different manufacture provided that such

substitutes are in all respects equal to the

original specification and that the S.O.'s prior

written approval is obtained to all substitutions

effected. All proprietary materials are to be

applied in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions.

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Bill No. 2

Preambles

A Preambles Apply to All Trades

The Trade Preambles relating to each particular

trade shall apply equally to all work carried out

of a similar nature under trades (i.e. excavation

and earthwork preambles applied to External

Works).

B Approved

The term "approved" shall mean approved by the

S.O.

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Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

EARTHWORKS

CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL

A Description

This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and

stripping topsoil in the areas designated

hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or

directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in

other areas designated hereunder and/or shown on

the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all asspecified herein and as required by the S.O. The

work shall also include the demolition and

disposal of structures in said areas, except where

otherwise provided for in the Contract, as

specified herein and as required by the S.O.

B Clearing

Clearing shall consist of the cutting and/or

taking down, removal and disposal of everything

above ground level, including objects overhangingthe areas to be cleared such as tree branches,

except such trees, vegetation, structures or parts

of structures, and other things which are

designated in the Contract to remain, or be

removed by others, or which the S.O. directs are

to be left undisturbed. The material to be cleared

shall include but not necessarily be limited to

trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs, brush,

undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable

matter and structures (except those structures

whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided

for in the Contract). Clearing shall also include

the levelling of obsolete dikes, terraces,

ditches, etc., unless otherwise directed by the

S.O.

C Grubbing

Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal

of surface vegetation, the bases of stumps, roots,

the underground parts of structures, and other

obstructions to a depth of at least 0.50 metre

below ground level, all to the satisfaction of the

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S.O.

A Stripping Topsoil

Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of

topsoil to an average depth of at least 100mm

below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in

the works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the

S.O.

B Construction Methods

Areas To Be Cleared

The entire area shall be cleared as described

above, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings

and/or directed by the S.O.

In areas which are to be cleared only, and in

which grubbing and stripping topsoil are not

required, the methods of work shall be such as

will not unduly damage the surface vegetation and

topsoil, and care shall be taken not to disturb

the topsoil and the root systems of grasses and

other surface vegetation.

No topsoil shall be removed from such areas,

except as directed by the S.O., and any topsoil,

grasses and other surface vegetation otherwise

removed or disturbed shall be replaced and made

good at the Contractor's own expense, all to the

satisfaction of the S.O.

Areas To Be Cleared, Grubbed And Stripped Of

Topsoil

Except as otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or

directed by the S.O., clearing, grubbing and

stripping topsoil shall be carried out in all

areas where embankment is to be constructed,

except that grubbing and stripping topsoil shall

not be carried out in those areas where:-

i) embankment is to be constructed on earth

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designated as swamp or soft ground;

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Construction Methods (Cont'd)

ii) embankment is to be constructed to a height

at the centre-line of 1.50 metres or more on

ground with a cross-slope of not more than 1

(vertical) to 30 (horizontal).

Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be

carried out to the extent deemed necessary and

approved or directed by the S.O. Except where

further excavation is required, holes and cavities

in the ground surface after clearing, grubbing andstripping topsoil shall be filled with materials

similar to the adjacent ground, and such fill

shall be compacted to a dry density similar to

that of the surrounding material, all to the


This work shall be considered incidental to the

work of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil,

and shall not be measured for payment.

ATopsoil

Topsoil to be stockpiled for the Works shall be

sufficiently fertile to promote and support the

growth of vegetation, and shall be taken from such

areas where clearing, grubbing and stripping

topsoil is required as approved or directed by the

S.O.

Before stockpiling, topsoil shall be separated

from objectionable materials, all to the

satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall

arrange for stockpile sites either within oroutside the site, at his own expense, and all to

the satisfaction of the S.O. Otherwise, topsoil

removed during grubbing and stripping operations

shall be separated from objectionable materials

and spread within the site or borrow areas, or

otherwise disposed of, as approved or directed by

the S.O.

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A Timber

The ownership of timber is vested in the

Government. Saleable timber shall be trimmed and

stacked in accordance with the requirements of the

appropriate Government agency, in accessible

places within the site as approved or directed by

the S.O. The Contractor shall have the right to

use unsaleable timber (or saleable timber when

permission is granted in writing by the

appropriate Government agency or authority) for

his own purposes in connection with the Contract,always provided that he shall comply with the

requirements of the S.O.

B Structures

Major structures are those which cannot

practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or

hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires

pneumatic tools, explosives and/or other

specialised equipment. A brief description of each

major structures (if any) and depth to which

extent it shall be demolished is given in the Bill

of Quantities.

All fences, buildings, structures and encumbrances

of any character within the limits of the site,

except those to be removed by others or designated

to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the

Contractor. Materials designated in the Contract

or direct by the S.O. to be salvaged, shall be

carefully removed and stored, and shall be the

property of the Government.

C Disposal Of Materials

Unwanted material from clearing, grubbing and

stripping topsoil (including the demolition of

structures) shall be disposed of as approved or

directed by the S.O. Combustible material

including all timber (except timber to be salvaged

or used), all brush, stumps, roots, vegetation and

other combustible refuse may be piled up within

the site and burned, where burning is allowed.

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Disposal Of Materials (Cont'd)

All burning shall be subject to the prior approval

of the relevant Government authorities and shall

be carried out in conformance with all pertinent

regulations. Burning shall also be carried out at

such places and at such times and in such a manner

as to prevent fire from damaging vegetation and

property within the site designated to be

preserved, and from spreading to areas adjoining

the site and damaging vegetation and property

therein.

Should the clearing, grubbing and stripping of

topsoil be carried out at a time when burning is

not permitted, the Contractor may pile up

combustible materials within the site, and burn it

at a time when burning is permitted. Where burning

is not permitted at any time, or the Contractor

elects not to burn unwanted material, combustible

material shall be disposed of together with

incombustible material.

Incombustible material, including where

appropriate the remains of burning, shall be

disposed of in a safe and tidy manner at solid

waste dumps outside the site, unless otherwise

approved or directed by the S.O. The Contractor

shall be solely responsible for making the

necessary agreements and paying expenses and

claims arising from the use of such solid waste

dumps whether on Government or private land.

A Definitions

(a)Formation Level

Formation level means the top surface of

the subgrade.

(b)Subgrade

Subgrade means that part of the

embankment or existing ground in cutting

which is immediately below the sub-base

or lower sub-base of the road pavement

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and shoulders.

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Definitions (Cont'd)

(c)Common Excavation

Common excavation shall mean excavation

in any materials which are not rock or

artificial hard materials as defined in

(f) and (g).

(d)Unsuitable Materials

Unsuitable materials shall include:-

i) running silt, peat, logs, stumps,

perishable or toxic material, slurry or

mud, or

ii) any material

- consisting of highly organic clay and

silt;

- which is clay having a liquid limit

exceeding 80% and/or a plasticity

index exceeding 55%;

- which is susceptible to spontaneous

combustion;

- which has a loss of weight greater

than 2.5% on ignition;

- containing large amounts of roots,

grass and other vegetable matter.

Materials that are soft or unstable merely

because they are too wet or too dry for

effective compaction are not to be classified

as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified by

the S.O. or as shown on the drawings.

(e)Suitable Materials

Suitable materials shall mean those

materials other than the unsuitable

materials defined in (d) above.

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(f)Rock

For the purpose of this Contract, the

following definitions shall apply:-

1) Hard Rock

Hard rock shall be defined as strata

material which has a compression strength

of 3000 lb/sq.in. It shall mean materialfound in ledges or masses in its original

position which would normally have to be

loosened either by blasting or by

pneumatic tools or if excavated by hand,

by wedges and sledge hammers.

2) Soft Rock

Soft rock shall include material which can

be loosened with a track-type tractor with

mounted and drawn ripper of the following

descriptions:-

i) Tractor Unit: Equipment with a

minimum weight of 20 tonnes and nett

horse power rating of 200 brake horse

power or more. The tractor unit is to

be in good condition and operated by

experienced personnel skilled in the

use of ripping equipment.

ii) Ripping Unit: The ripper to be

attached to the tractor shall be the mostefficient parallelogram type recommended

by the tractor or ripper manufacturer. The

ripper shall have a single shank in good

working condition with sharpened cutting

point.

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Removal of loose boulders of a volume not

exceeding 9 cubic feet, encountered in all

classes of excavation will not treated as rock

excavation, and shall be paid for at normal

excavation rates. Any materials in the

excavation which may come under the definition

of rock shall be brought to the attention of

the S.O. and Quantity Surveyor before

excavation commence.

The quantities of rock or materials alleged to

be rock, excavated from within the nominal

limits of excavation for the works shall be

measured, agreed and recorded by the S.O.'s

representative and the Contractor as they

occur. The S.O.'s decision as to whether or not

any material as 'rock' shall be final and

binding on all parties concerned.

The Contractor shall be responsible for

liaising with all parties concerned and shall

take precaution to prevent damages to persons

of existing excavation and shall indemnify the

Employer against any claim, loss or expense

resulting from the rock excavation.

(g) Artificial Hard Material

This mean any hard artificial material

which would require the use of blasting or

approved pneumatic tools for its removal but

shall exclude individual masses less than one

(1) cubic metre.

A General Requirements

The work shall include the excavation of all types

of material, backing, compaction, forming

embankments and slopes, etc., as is necessary for

the completion of the works up to the formation

levels, in accordance with the lines, grades,

dimensions, shapes and typical cross-sections

shown on the Drawings and to the approval of the

S.O.

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General Requirements (Cont'd)

The Contractor shall provide where necessary

temporary water courses, ditches, drains, pumping

or other means of maintaining the earthworks free

from water. Such provision shall include carrying

out the work of forming the cuttings and

embankments in such a manner that their surfaces

have at all times a sufficient gradient to enable

them to shed water and prevent ponding.

In pumping out excavations and in the lowering ofwater tables the Contractor shall pay due regard

to the stability of all structures. Adequate means

for trapping silt shall be provided on all

temporary drainage systems. Similar arrangements

shall be made for all earthworks including

excavations whether for pile trenches, foundations

or cuttings.

Should the surface of completed areas be damaged

by erosion or by any other cause the Contractor

shall at his own cost make good such areas to the


exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable

material needed for embankment or fill

construction. The Contractor shall ensure that

area cleared shall follow up with subsequent

activities and sequence and timing of works shall

be such that no area will be cleared and left

unattended.

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Earthworks

BULK EXCAVATION

A Dimensional Tolerances

Slopes in cutting shall be trimmed mechanically to

neat and even surfaces which shall have gradients

not steeper than that shown on the Drawings.

Widths of excavations shall not exceed the

dimensions shown on the Drawings by more than

300mm, unless otherwise approved by the S.O.

B Separation And Stockpiling Of Suitable Materials

Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable

and unsuitable materials, the Contractor shall,

wherever the S.O. considers it practicable, carry

out the excavation in such a manner that the

suitable materials are excavated separately for

use in the Works without contamination by the

unsuitable materials. The Contractor shall

stockpile separately material for subgrade as

specified.

C Removal Of Excavated Materials From Site

No excavated material shall be removed from the

site except on the direction or with the approval

of the S.O. Should the Contractor be permitted to

remove suitable materials from the site to suit

his operational procedure, then he shall make good

any consequent deficit of fill material arising

therefrom, at his own expense.

Unless designated dump sites have been shown on

the Drawings, the Contractor shall dispose of

surplus suitable material at his own dump areas

outside the site as approved by the S.O. In doing

so, the Contractor shall comply with statutory

requirements such as payment of royalties,

environmental protection, etc.

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A Removal Of Unsuitable Materials

Unsuitable material shall be excavated to such

depth and over such area as directed by the S.O.

and be transported and disposed of in an approved

manner. Unless approval of the S.O. to dump and

spread and unsuitable materials within the site is

obtained, the Contractor shall be responsible for

providing his own dump site for such unsuitable

materials.

The Contractor shall comply with statutoryrequirements such as payment of royalties,

environmental protection, etc. Voids created due

to removal of unsuitable material shall be

backfilled with suitable material compacted to a

dry density not less than that of the surrounding

material or that specified for the respective part

of the earthworks or as directed by the S.O.

B Replacement Of Unsuitable Materials Under Standing

Water

Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement

of unsuitable material shall be done under

standing water, voids created due to removal of

unsuitable material Standing shall be backfilled

with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or

sand having grading within the respective limits

specified in Table 2.1.

C Widening Cuts

The S.O. may instruct the Contractor or the

Contractor himself may elect to obtain material

for the works by widening cuts. In the latter

case, the Contractor shall first request

permission in writing from the S.O.

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Bill No. 2

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Widening Cuts (Cont'd)

TABLE 2.1

- GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT

OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL

-----------------------------------------------+

B.S. Sieve Size % Passing By Weight

+----------------------+-----------------------

Crushed Rock Or Gravel

63mm 100

37.5mm 85 - 100

20mm 0 - 20

10mm 0 - 5

+----------------------+-----------------------

Sand

10mm 100

5mm 90 - 100

1.18mm 45 - 80

300mm 10 - 30 150mm 2 - 10

+----------------------------------------------+

Widening of cuts shall not be permitted beyond the

limits of the site.

A Excavation Of Rock

Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods

appropriate to site requirements as approved by

the S.O. Where explosives shall be used, therelevant security regulations dealing with

purchase, transport, handling, storage and usage

of explosives shall be complied with. All material

from rock excavations shall be used as far as is

practicable in the works. Where the rock is of

satisfactory quality, the Contractor may elect to

crush and screen it to produce aggregates required

for concrete, roadbase, subbase, or other

purposes. Excavated rock needed for earthwork

construction which the Contractor elects so to use

for producing select materials shall be replacedat the Contractor's own expense by borrow of

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satisfactory quality approved by the S.O.

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Excavation Of Rock (Cont'd)

Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the

construction of embankment and fill, to the

fullest practical extent, in either of the two

following ways:-

i) excavated rock shall be broken down to a

maximum particle size of 400mm and used as

rock fill as herein described.

ii)excavated rock shall be broken down to amaximum particle size of 150mm, blended with

suitable earth fill material in a proportion

not exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as

common fill.

The Contractor may only waste excavated rock with

the approval of the S.O. Excavated rock needed for

earthwork construction which the Contractor elects

to waste shall be replaced at the Contractor's own

expense by borrow of satisfactory quality approved

by the S.O.

A Storage And Handling Of Explosives

Proper buildings or magazines, with separate

compartments for detonators, in suitable positions

for the storage of explosives in manner and

quantities to be approved shall be provided. The

prevention of any unauthorised issue or improper

use of any explosive brought on the Works shall be

the responsibility of the Contractor and only

experienced and responsible men shall be employed

to handle explosives for the purpose of the works.

B Blasting

Explosives shall be used in the quantities and

manner recommended by the manufacturers. Blasting

shall be restricted to such periods as the S.O.

may prescribe. If, in the opinion of the S.O.,

blasting would be dangerous to persons or property

or to any finished work, or is being carried on in

a reckless manner, he may prohibit it, and order

the rock to be excavated by other means.

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Blasting (Cont'd)

The use of explosives in large blasts, i.e.

exceeding 9 kg of explosive, as in seams, drifts,

shafts, pits, or large holes, is prohibited unless

authorised in writing by the S.O. Such

authorization shall not in any way relieve the

Contractor of his liabilities under the Conditions

of Contract.

All necessary precautions shall be taken to

preserve in the soundest possible condition thematerials below and beyond the lines of all

excavations. Delayed blasting to reduce shock

waves shall be used to avoid damage to concrete

and other works already completed. As the

excavation approaches its final lines, blasting

shall be carried out by means of parallel drill

holes perpendicular to the toe of the excavation

and parallel to the finally required face.

A Safety Measures

When blasting is carried out close to properties

or roads, appropriate safety rules shall be

strictly adhered to. Where necessary or as

directed by the S.O., the use of heavy mesh

blasting mats shall be used to ensure that no

damage is caused to persons or property on or off

site. Special care shall be taken in wet ground to

ensure that individual explosives are reduced to

such size as to preclude damage to any buildings

or structures.

Plaster shooting will not be permitted within 400metres of any building or structure. If traffic on

any road or railway has to be interrupted for

blasting operations, the Contractor shall obtain

approval of his schedule for such interruption

from the appropriate authorities and shall prove

to the S.O. that he has obtained it, prior to the

interruption.

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A Insecure Materials

The slopes of cuttings shall be cleared of all

rock fragments which move when prised with a

crow-bar. Where, in the slopes of cuttings, layers

of rock and soft material alternate and the S.O.

considers that the slope, immediately after

dressing, will not permanently withstand the

effect of weather, the Contractor shall excavate

any insecure material to an approved depth and

build up the resulting spaces with grade 15P/20

concrete or masonry using rock similar to theadjoining natural rock so as to ensure a solid

face.

EARTH EMBANKMENT

B Material

Fill materials for use in forming embankments

shall be the suitable material obtained from

excavation in cuttings. Where the quantity of such

materials is inadequate, the Contractor shall

obtain suitable materials from the designated

borrow pits or from his own borrow pits which have

been approved by the S.O.

C Placement Of Fill Materials

All fill materials shall be deposited in layers.

The loose depth for each layer of fill shall be

determined from the trial compaction. Each layer

shall extend over the full width of the fill area

and shall be compacted in accordance with the

requirements as herein described. Each compacted

layer shall be maintained at all times with a

sufficiently even surface in order to drain away

the surface water.

Where embankment is to be constructed on ground

with a cross-slope flatter than 1 (vertical) to 10

(horizontal) but steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30

(horizontal), the foundation material, except

where this is rock, shall be scarified to a depth

of 100mm, blended with embankment fill material

and compacted as herein described.

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Placement Of Fill Materials

Where embankment is to be constructed against

existing embankment or on ground with a

cross-slope of 1 or more (vertical) to 10

(horizontal), the foundation shall be excavated in

all materials (including hard rock) to form

benches with horizontal and vertical faces from

which construction of the embankment shall

proceed. The benches shall be contiguous beneath

the full width of the embankment, and shall be of

a suitable width to accommodate constructionequipment such as motor-graders, trucks, rollers,

etc. Scarifying of the horizontal and vertical

faces of the benches shall not normally be

required, and the material excavated in forming

the benches may normally be used as fill in the

embankment as approved by the S.O.

A Compaction

a) General

All materials used in embankments and as fill

elsewhere shall be compacted as soon as

practicable after being placed and spread.

Compaction shall be undertaken to the

requirements of this Section by plant

approved by the S.O. All compaction

requirements shall be controlled by means of

field density measurement. For compaction of

embankment slope, the Contractor may either

extend each compacted layer beyond the design

slope surface by at least 600mm and then trim

back to the required slope angle, or he mayemploy a tow type roller to compact the

sloping.

b) Compaction Trials

The B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer

method) shall be used in determining the

moisture versus density relation of soil. The

Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his

approval the proposed method of compaction

for each main type of material to be used in

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the embankment.

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Compaction (Cont'd)

This shall include the type of compaction

plant for each type of material and the

number of passes in relation to the loose

depth of material to achieve desired

compaction. The maximum compacted thickness

for fill shall be limited to 300mm unless

other approved by the S.O. The Contractor

shall carry out field compaction trials,

supplemented by any necessary laboratory

investigations, as required by the S.O.

This shall be done by using the procedures

proposed by the Contractor for earthworks and

shall satisfy the S.O. that all the specified

requirements regarding compaction can be

achieved. Compaction trials with the main

types of material likely to be encountered

shall be completed before the works with the

corresponding materials will be allowed to

commence. Each trial area shall be not

smaller than 8m x 15m.

c) Degree Of Compaction

The whole of the embankment below the top

300mm of the subgrade shall be compacted to

not less than 90% (for cohesive material) or

95% (for cohesionless material) of the

maximum dry density determined in the B.S.

1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method).

d) Field Density Testing

Field density tests on each layer of

compacted earth fill shall be carried out

using the sand replacement method in

accordance with B.S. 1377 or by using other

means of testing of comparable accuracy

approved by the S.O. Testing shall be carried

out for every 1000 sq.m. of surface area per

lift of earthworks at the least. The S.O. may

carry out more frequent tests at his

discretion.

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Compaction (Cont'd)

If the results of the field tests show the

state of compaction to be inadequate and this

is held to be due to failure of the

Contractor to comply with the requirements of

the Specification, the Contractor shall carry

out at his own expense such further work as

the S.O. may decide to comply with the

Specification.

e) Moisture Control

Each layer of earth fill shall be processed

as necessary to bring its moisture content to

a uniform level throughout the material,

suitable for compaction. The optimum moisture

content as determined by the B.S. 1377

Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method) shall

be used as a guide in determining the proper

moisture content at which each soil type

shall be compacted. Water shall be added, or

the material aerated and dried to adjust the

soil to the proper moisture content to obtain

the required density.

A satisfactory method and sufficient

equipment as approved by the S.O. shall be

used for the furnishing and handling of

water. If the natural water content of

suitable materials is too high for the proper

compaction to be carried out, the Contractor

can either bring down the moisture content by

aeration or drying or alternatively replace

it with suitable materials of compactablemoisture range at his own cost.

_____________


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26/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

A Settlement Markers

Markers shall be provided and installed by the

Contractor in the positions indicated on the

Drawings for the purpose of measuring settlements

taking place under the embankments during and

after the construction period. The design of

markers shall be as shown on the Drawings and the

Contractor shall be responsible for supplying andinstalling such markers and for extending the

markers as the work proceeds.

Adjustments to the height of markers shall be made

when required by the S.O. Each marker shall be

identified by painting on it the chainage of its

position. The Contractor shall take all necessary

measures to protect markers from damage by plant

and vehicles at all times and shall repair any

such damage to the satisfaction of the S.O.

Readily visible barriers shall be installed around

each marker.

B Settlement Records

Joint measurement of settlement shall be taken

weekly while fill is being placed in the vicinity

of the markers. Thereafter, readings shall be

taken fortnightly for a period as directed by the

S.O. The readings shall be submitted on an

approved printed form to be supplied by the

Contractor. For the measurement of the volume that

has settled below the original level of thefoundation of the embankment, the measured

settlement of each marker shall be used for volume

computation following the method shown on the

drawings.

_____________


_____________


27/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

A Subgrade

Material for the top 300mm of subgrade shall have

a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) as shown

on the drawings when compacted to 95% of the

maximum dry density determined in the B.S. 1377

Compaction Test (4.5kg rammer method) under 4 days

soaked condition. Throughout the top 300mm of

subgrade, the material shall be compacted to not

less than 95% (for cohesive material) or 100% (for

cohesionless material) of the maximum dry density

determined in the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5kgrammer method). In cut area, the top 300mm of the

subgrade shall be scarified and recompacted to 95%

(for cohesive material) or 100% (for cohesionless

material) of the maximum dry density determined in

the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5kg rammer

method).

If the S.O. is fully satisfied that the subgrade

in its natural state possesses a density exceeding

the requirements, then the surface of the subgrade

shall be trimmed and rolled to obtain a smooth

finish. Where the material in cut area is found to

be unsuitable for use in the top 300mm of subgrade

it shall be removed and replaced with suitable

material which shall be compacted as indicated

above. The subgrade shall be finished in a neat

and workmanlike manner, and the widths of

embankments and cuts shall be everywhere at least

those specified or shown on the drawings on both

sides of the centreline. The top surface of the

subgrade shall have the required shape,

superelevation, levels and grades and shall be

finished everywhere to within +10mm and minus 30mmof the required level.

i) Where rock surface extends over the whole

width of the formation:-

The rock surface shall be trimmed to a free

draining profile, at or below formation

levels. No high spot shall protrude above the

formation levels. Any voids of cavities more

than 0.5 metre below the formation level

shall be filled up with approved lean

_____________


_____________


28/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

concrete having 7-day cube strength greater

than 7 N/sq.mm.

Subgrade (Cont'd)

The rock surface shall then be brought up to

the formation levels with approved crushed

rock or gravel, regulated and blinded.

ii) Where rock outcrop occurs over part of the

formation only:-

The rock outcrop shall be cut down to a

level not less than 300mm below the formation

level. The surface shall then be brought up

to level with suitable subgrade material.

PROTECTIVE VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL

A Topsoil

Topsoil stockpiled for the works shall be spread

and lightly compacted to an even thickness of 50mm

as directed by the S.O. in areas to be turfed

and/or seeded or used as the S.O. shall otherwise

direct for tree planting and other purposes.

B Backfilling Water Courses

Water course comprising channels, ditches, ponds,

rivers and streams within the embankment

foundation area which are no longer required for

drainage purposes shall be backfilled up to the

adjacent terrain level with suitable material as

approved by S.O. At least five days prior to the

infilling of any water course within the

embankment foundation area, the Contractor shall

inform the S.O. of his intention to undertake such

work, whereupon the S.O. will supply the necessary

information as to how the work shall be carried

out. Infilling of water courses, shall as far as

practicable be carried out in dry conditions, and

the Contractor shall construct such equipment as

are necessary for this purpose. Where water

courses can be kept dry, the infill shall be

placed in layers of loose thickness of 300mm and

_____________


_____________


29/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

shall be thoroughly compacted by means of suitable

and approved vibration equipment until there is novisible movement of the fill, all to the


_____________


_____________


30/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

Backfilling Water Courses (Cont'd)

When, in the opinion of the S.O. dewatering of

water courses is not practicable, granular

backfill or rock fill shall first be placed in one

layer in such a way that the top surface shall be

above the water table. This layer shall then be

thoroughly compacted, with the addition of

materials as necessary for the top surface to

remain above the water table, by suitable and

approved vibration equipment until there is no

visible movement of the fill, all to thesatisfaction of the S.O.

In the cast of flowing water, the granular

backfill or rock fill shall be such as to remain

stable in place under the action of the current,

which may require the use of coarse gravel or

boulders. After the above mentioned first layer

has been established to above the water table,

further layers of backfill material shall be

placed and compacted as described above for

infilling under dry conditions.

Earthfill Tolerances

a) The formation or profile levels shall mean

the finished earthwork levels for platforms,

slopes, roads, etc. as shown on the Drawings

or as directed by the S.O.

b) The tolerances of finished earthfill with

respect to the dimensions and lines on the

drawings shall be as follows:-

Embankment

Slopes + 150/- 0mm

Embankment

Platform + 30/- 30mm

Embankment Berm

Slopes + 150/- 0mm

Embankment Berm

Level + 30/- 30mm

_____________


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31/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Earthworks

A

Backfilling Water Courses (Cont'd)

c) Notwithstanding the tolerances of the

finished earthfill material mentioned in

paragraph (b) of this sub-clause, levels,

batters and cambers of the embankmentshall

be maintained in accordance with that

shown on the Drawings or as directed by

the S.O. for the whole contract period.

Measurement And Prices

Prices for earthwork shall included for all and

every operation described in Earthwork.

_____________


_____________


32/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Silt Retention

SILT RETENTION

A Silt Traps

Before commencement of earthworks, the Contractor

shall construct silt trap at required locations.

The silt traps shall retain eroded coarse soil

particles to prevent siltation.

B Maintenance Of Silt Traps

The Contractor shall also be responsible for themaintenance of the silt traps, including

periodical de-silting and disposal of the trapped

materials as and when directed by the S.O. during

the contract period and up to the expiry of the

Maintenance/Defects Liability Period.

C Siltation Of Existing Water Courses

The Contractor shall ensure all existing water

courses or drains within and outside the site are

not blocked or silted with earth or other debris,whether resulting from his operations or not,

during the course of his work and during the

Maintenance/Defects Liability Period. Obstructions

or silt in any water course or drain shall be

immediately cleared by the Contractor.

If the Contractor fails to do so, the S.O.

reserves the right to arrange for the clearance to

be carried out by others and the cost of any such

work shall be deducted from any monies due to the

Contractor.

D Desilting

The Contractor shall include in the tendered

prices for the various items of work amounts to

cover desilting and clearing blockages.

_____________


_____________


33/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Silt Retention

TURFING

A Clear Site

Hard material such as brickbats, old masonry and

concrete shall be removed from the site but may be

buried deep at the discretion of the S.O. Scrapmetalwork such as old corrugated iron, iron bars

and wire shall be removed from the site.

B Weeds

Weeds shall be raked out and burnt.

C Excavation And Filling

Side slopes to cutting and filling shall be

trimmed to facilitate soiling and turfing. Theformation shall be accurately trimmed to the

levels and falls shown on the drawings or as

directed. No hollows or flats shall be allowed.

The Contractor shall take all precautions to

support the face of all excavations at all times.

Excavations left unsupported shall become the sole

risk of the Contractor. No claims will be

entertained if this clause is not complied with.

D Preparation Of Formation

Where the formation is clay, hardpan, sunbaked

earth, or other impervious material it shall be

ploughed or scarified to a minimum depth of 150mm

and reduced to a granular condition not exceeding

50mm maximum size. It shall be finished by lightly

rolling with a roller not exceeding 3 cwt. in

weight and left true to levels and falls ready to

receive the vegetable soil. Rolling shall take

place only when the formation is dry.

E Vegetable Soil

_____________


_____________


34/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Silt Retention

The vegetable soil shall be spread to a depth

approximately 50mm black vegetable soil from theContractor's own source spread on the prepared

formation.

_____________


_____________


35/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A Fertilising Vegetable Soil

Before the turf is laid the vegetable soil shall

be given a dressing of rock phosphate at the rate

of 1 oz. per sq. yd. The phosphate shall be

distributed evenly over the surface and raked in.

B Rock Phosphate

The rock phosphate shall be equal in all respectsto Christmas Island Rock Phosphate marketed by

Messrs. I.C.I. Malaya Ltd.

C Turves

The turves shall be pure cow grass (Axonopus

Compressus). The turves shall be cut and lifted

with proper turf cutting tools. They shall be

flat, even in thickness, square or rectangular in

shape and as thick as possible. Minimum thickness

shall be 100mm. Edges shall be square andfeathered edges shall be cut off.

Root formation shall be moist, bedded solidly in

vegetable soil and undamaged. Grass shall not

exceed 20mm long and shall be dense green and of

vigorous healthy growth. Turves with grass grown

long and going to seed shall be rejected. Turves

shall be laid within 24 hours of being cut.

They shall be stacked on site roots to roots and

grass to grass and shall be kept moist by spraying

with water and covering with wet sacking. Turves

which dry out shall be rejected. Turves shall be

inspected for weeds before laying and any weeds

discovered shall be grubbed out complete with

roots and destroyed.


36/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A Close Turfing

Turf shall be laid on a bed of vegetable soil as

described under "Vegetable Soil". The surface of

the turf shall be laid accurate to level and

falls. After laying each turf shall be beaten with

a wooden turf beater until is solidly bedded. Any

hollows produced by the beater shall be packed up

from underneath with more soil and the turf again.

Laying and beating shall continue until a solidly

bedded continuous turf area is produced, accurate

to level and grade. Turves which contain an undue

preponderance of the very coarse of very fine

grasses are liable to rejection under "Type of

Grass" but may be used at the S.O.'s discretion.

The minimum total thickness of turf and soil shall

be 100mm. This shall be measured after the turf

has been laid and beaten down. Small trial holes

shall be dug for this purpose in positions that

the S.O. shall direct. Turfing which shows less

than 100mm between the surface of the turf and the

top of the formation shall be taken up and

re-done.

B Spot Turfing

Spot turfing shall consist of 300mm x 300mm turves

at 450mm centres. The turf shall be laid on a bed

of vegetable soil as described under "Vegetable

Soil". The surface of the turf shall be laid

accurate to level and falls. After laying eachturf shall be beaten with a wooden turf beater

until is solidly bedded. Any hollows produced by

the beater shall be packed up from underneath with

more soil and the turf beaten again. Laying and

beating shall continue until a solidly bedded

continuous turf area is produced, accurate to

level and grade. Turves which contain an undue

preponderance of the very coarse of very fine

grasses are liable to rejection under "Type of

Grass" but may be used at the S.O.'s discretion.

The minimum total thickness of turf and soil shallbe 100mm. This shall be measured after the turf

has been laid and beaten down.


37/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

Spot Turfing (Cont'd)

Small trial holes shall be dug for this purpose in

positions that the S.O. shall direct. Turfing

which shows less than 100mm between the surface of

the turf and the top of the formation shall be

taken up and re-done.

A Top Dressing

Top dressing of the turfed areas shall be carried

out immediately after the turf is laid and monthly

intervals thereafter. A minimum of three top

dressings, shall be given. At least 3 days notice

shall be given to the S.O. before each top

dressing. Top dressing shall consist of 1 part of

sulphate of ammonia mixed with not less than 10

parts of fine vegetable soil. It shall be

scattered evenly over the turfed areas at the rate

of 1 cts. of sulphate of ammonia per acre. On no

account shall sulphate of ammonia be applied neat.

B Sulphate Of Ammonia

Shall be equal in all respects to that marketed by

the Agricultural Division of Messrs. I.C.I. Malaya

Ltd.

C Watering

It is the responsibility of the Contractor to

ensure that the turf is adequately watered

throughout the cultivation period. Water shall be

brought to the site in tankers if necessary and

applied as fine spray so as not to disturb turf or

soil. The rate of application shall be not less

than 1/2 gallon per sq. yd. and no account shall

turf be watered sparingly. During dry weather,

turf shall be watered within two days of laying

and subsequently once weekly.


38/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A Cutting

Grass cutting shall be carried out by properly

sharpened and adjusted hand or machine tools so

that the grass is cut cleanly and no tearing takes

place. Cutting shall take place not less

frequently than once per month and always before

the grass is 3" long. On no account shall the

grass be allowed to shoot into ear. The grass

shall be cut to 1" long and the cuttings scatteredevenly by brushing and allowed to lie on the site.

When cutting a spot turfed area, care shall be

taken not to cut of damage the stolons or rhizomes

of the spreading grass. Grass shall not be cut

when wet. Cutting shall be discontinued during

rain and not recommenced until the grass has

dried.

B Rolling

The turf shall be rolled with a roller weighing

not more than 3 cwt. at intervals not exceeding

one month. The roller shall be sufficient weight

to press the roots firmly into the soil and

produce a close, well-knit surface, without over

compaction and binding of the soil. The rolling

shall be done shortly after cutting when the grass

is short. Rolling shall not be done when the grass

is wet.

C Making Good Defects

At intervals not exceeding one month the

Contractor shall work carefully over the turfed

areas and attend to defects. Weeds shall be

grubbed up or destroyed with weed killer. Weed

infected areas shall be taken up completely and

replaced with fresh soil and turf. Areas which are

too hard shall be loosened by forking or spike

rolling. Dead turves or turves which are not

thriving shall be taken up and replaced with good

turves. Missing vegetable soil shall be replaced.

Storm damage or damage from any other cause shall

be made good.


39/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A Cultivation

The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying

out all operations, detailed above (fertilising,

watering, cutting, rolling, spiking, weeding,

making good etc.) for the period immediately

following the completion of turf laying until the

works are completed. On the expiry of this

cultivation period, the turfed areas shall be

inspected by the S.O. and provided that in hisopinion a satisfactory thriving turf has been

established and the work is free from defect, the

Contractor shall be absolved from liability for

further cultivation.

B Cleaning Off

At the end of the Contract, the Contractor shall

remove all equipment, temporary buildings,

materials, wastes and rubbish of all description

and leave the site clean and tidy.

C Measurements And Prices

Prices for turfing shall include for all and every

operation described in "Turfing"


40/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

EXCAVATION WORK

A Dimensions And Levels

Before the Works or any part thereof are commenced

the Contractor shall verify the dimension and

levels shown on the drawings and shall notify theArchitects representative of any discrepancy

which may affect the dimensions or levels of such

parts of the works. Such notification by the

Contractor shall be given in sufficient time to

allow the Architect to prepare drawings or

schedule showing his amended requirements.

The Contractor shall be responsible for setting up

and maintaining a site datum level accurately as

ascertained from this work. The levels and

dimensions taken by the Contractor and agreed bythe Architects representative shall form the

basis of re-measurements failing such verification

and agreements, the dimensions and levels shown on

the drawing shall be final and binding on the

Contractor.

B Nature Of The Soil

The Contractor shall determine for himself the

nature of the ground to be excavated and his ratesshall include for excavation below water table

level, excavation in whatever soil may be met and

for grubbing up and removing any disused drains,

pipes, cables, roots, hardcore and other

obstructions excepting rock.

The Contractor shall excavate and get out all

materials of whatever geological formation,

quality, consistency or description encountered at

the site, ordered by the Architect for the proper

construction and completion of the works bothpermanent and temporary in accordance with the

contract documents.


41/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

Nature Of The Soil (Contd)

Whatever obstruction found during excavation shall

be removed and disposed of as part of the

excavation as a whole and no extra can be claimed

for the removal and disposal of old foundations,roots, old sewer pipes or disused service mains,

manholes and other similar underground

construction unless the obstruction is in service.

The diversion of obstructions which are in service

will be paid by the Employer.

A Extent Of Excavation

Excavation shall be taken down to the depths shown

on the drawings or to such depths as required by

the Architect. Where necessary, the Contractorshall have on hand sufficient pumping equipment

for dewatering during the process of excavation

and construction.

All excavations shall be square, level and plumb

and shall be to such width as necessary to carry

out the work safely and properly. The bottoms

shall be consolidated and shall be to the exact

levels required.

B Existing Conditions

It will be deemed that the Contractor has

inspected the drawings and consulted all available

information concerning sub-soil conditions before

submitting his tender.

The Contractor shall be deemed to have taken into

consideration all existing conditions relating to

access and working space available and shall

provide all labour, materials, temporary supports

and bracings deemed necessary for the safe

execution and completion of the works.


42/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A Earthwork By-Law

All excavations and earthworks shall be carried

out in accordance with the safety requirements and

regulations of any existing by-laws applicable and

the recommendation contained in the British

Standard Code of Practice C.P. 2003 : Earthworks.

All excavations and the preparation of the ground

for the preparation of the ground for the

construction of the foundation and ground beams

shall be in accordance with C.P. 2004 :

Foundations.

B Levels And Boundaries

All levels shown on the drawing are in metric. The

Contractor shall construct such temporary Bench

Marks as the Architect may require for each

section of the works and these shall be agreed

with the Architect. The Contractor shall be

responsible for maintaining and preserving all

existing boundaries on the site.

C Setting Out

The Contractor shall be responsible for setting

out the works and shall provide all instruments

and attendance required by the Architect to check

the setting out. He shall ensure that the boundary

markers defining the limits of the site are in

their correct positions and he shall employ a

Licensed Surveyor to properly mark out the limits

of the site where the works are to be executed.

The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall

entirely at his own cost amend any errors and

indemnify the owner of any consequential loss

arising from any inaccurate setting out.


43/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

Notwithstanding the fact that the setting out is

checked by the Architect, the responsibility for

the accuracy of the setting out will rest with the

Contractor and he shall at all times satisfy

himself and the Architect that the setting out is

correct.

Setting Out (Contd)

Before commencement of any work the Contractor

shall carry out survey of site appropriate layout

from drawing or as directed by the Architect

depending on the structure and soil condition and

shall record and agree value of existing ground

level on the drawing which shall be signed by the

Architect and the Contractor.

On completion of the works, the Contractor shall

ascertain the level and shall record the levels on

the drawings which shall then be submitted to the

Architect. The initial survey before the

commencement of the works and the final survey

after the completion of the works as specified

above shall be carried out by an approved

registered Licensed Surveyor.

A Planking And Strutting

Planking and strutting, shoring and temporary

sheet piling if any, shall be provided to support

the face of all excavations at all times.

Excavation left unsupported shall become the sole

risks of the Contractor. No claims what ever shall

be entertained if this clause is not complied

with.

B Precautionary And Remedial Measures

The Contractor shall take all necessary

precautions so as not to damage or endanger any

property, structures, roads, installations or

services in the vicinity of his operation. The


44/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

Contractor shall immediately report to the

Architect and any authority concerned should his

operations cause damage to or endanger any such

property, structures, roads, installation or

services and shall take such remedial measures to

the satisfaction of the Architect or the authority

concerned.

The Contractor shall take all necessary and

adequate measures to prevent water from the sites

of his operations from causing a nuisance on or inany adjacent contract site or neighbouring

property either by flooding or by depositing

sediment on ground surface or in drains or natural

watercourses.

Precautionary And Remedial Measures (Contd)

The Contractor shall construct wherever necessary

temporary drainage channels, contour drains, silt

traps or other siltation prevention structures.The Contractor shall remove all sediment which may

accumulate on any land or in any drains or natural

watercourses as a result of his operations.

The Contractor shall take all necessary

precautions to minimise the loss of material by

erosion and to prevent displacement of the ground

in slopes adjacent to his operations. The

Contractor shall limit all working faces to such

heights and slopes as are stable and provide any

necessary timbering so required.

The Contractor shall excavate for the drainage

works as indicated on drawings or as ordered by

the Architect at the earliest practical date and

preferably before the excavation of any other

works in the area which it is intended to service.

Should erosion and displacement of ground

nonetheless occur, the Contractor shall make good

the same and the effects thereof with such

materials and in such manner as the Architect may

direct at his own cost.

The Contractor must ensure that no plant used for

excavation or any other work to be taken on the

public roads. All dumpers, etc. are restricted to


45/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

the concrete loading platform and are to be taken

through the wash trough before leaving the site.

A Excavation To Formation Level

Excavation to Formation Level shall be carried out

in such a manner as to prevent damage or

deterioration of the suitable material as hereinbefore defined. Excess excavation beyond the lines

and levels be made good by the Contractor in a

manner acceptable to the Architect. Care shall be

taken to ensure that the formation is not damaged

by construction traffic. If suitable material

below formation level is damaged by any cause,

such material shall be removed, disposed of and

replaced by the Contractor with properly compacted

filling.

The side slopes of cuttings in materials otherthan rock shall be neatly trimmed to within 75mm

or the lines shown on the drawings or to such

other gradually changing slopes that the Architect

may direct. The side slopes of cuttings in rock

shall be left with reasonably uniform faces and

shall conform generally to the typical sections

shown on the drawings or to the natural cleavage

planes where these are compatible with the typical

sections.


46/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

B Finishes Of Slopes To Cutting And Banks

Form slopes where shown on the drawings to the

slopes and levels as shown. Slopes shall be neatly

trimmed by motor grader or by hand to a smooth,

compact surface. In no case shall the specified

angle of slope be exceeded.

A Excavation In Trenches And Pits

Trenches and pits shall be excavated in the

positions and to the dimensions and depths shown

on the drawings or ordered by the Architect.

The Contractor shall provide to the satisfactionof the Architect all necessary timbering, sheet

piling or otherwise to avoid slips and falls of

trench and pit sides. Where any slopes or falls of

trench and pit sides should occur, the Contractor

shall remove all loosened and disturbed material

and replace the same at his own expense with

properly compacted fill material or with concrete

as the Architect may require. Excavation shall be

carried out in dry conditions and the Contractor

shall allow for the use of pumps for pumping

water, where necessary.

On locations where deterioration of excavated

surfaces may occur, the last 150mm of excavation

above foundation or formation level shall be


47/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

carried out by hand immediately before the next

stage of construction is to start. A similar

method shall be adopted in the case of sides of

excavation against which any structure is to bear.

The Contractor shall allow for trench or pit

excavation, the use of timbering or sheet piling

where necessary.

B Excavation And Filling In Waterlogged Areas

For the purpose of this contract, waterlogged

areas shall be defined as areas with wet or swampy

ground conditions where special measures shall

have to be taken during excavation and filling.

Such areas may or may not be under water.

Prior to the commencement of any excavated or

filling in waterlogged areas, the Contractor shall

cut temporary drains to drains away the water. The

temporary drains shall be in the form of earth

trenches or concrete or other type of linedchannels as approved by the Architect.

Excavation And Filling In Waterlogged Areas

(Contd)

The Contractor shall, when directed by the

Architect in writing removed any soft wet and

unsuitable material, and replace with selected

material (sandy soil) before filling. An initial

blanket of selected material (sandy soil) not

exceeding a loose depth of 3 feet or 1 foot above

standing water level whichever is the greater, may

be placed over water-logged ground. Thereafter,

suitable materials shall be placed, spread,

leveled and compacted in layers of loose depth not

exceeding 300mm.

The Contractor shall allow for excavation and

filling, the cost of providing temporary drainage


48/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

and removal of same and special method of carrying

out filling as described.

A Grading Of Finished Formation

The formation shall receive a final shaping with

grading machine supplemented with hand wood where

necessary to ensure a smooth surface and uniform

cross-section. When final shaping is completed,

the surface of the subgrade shall conformaccurately to the lines grades and cross-sections

shown on the drawings.


49/111

Bill No. 2

Preambles

Turfing

A

B

C

D

Anti-Erosion Measures

The slopes of embankments, cuttings, margin areas

and all excavated or filled surfaces shall at all

stages of the work be kept adequately drained and

protected from erosion.

The Contractor shall adopt such temporary measures

to minimise soil erosion at all stages of the work

as deemed necessary by the Architect These

temporary measures shall include construction oftemporary drainage channels in earth or concrete,

earth bundling and covering with waterproofing

materials.

The Contractor shall allow for the cost of all

temporary measures mentioned above in the relevant

tendered rates for excavation and filling.

Removal Of Temporary Works

All temporary drainage works constructed in ornear any permanent work shall be removed or filled

with selected material and compacted unless the

Architect shall direct that is it be left

permanently in position.

Unauthorised Excavation

The Contractor is prohibited from making

excavations other than those approved by the

Architect as necessary for the work. If any

excavation is carried out in excess of the

Architects requirements (as shown on drawings or

as directed on site) such excess excavation is to

be filled in with concrete (1:3:6 - 40mm

aggregate) at the Contractors expense and no

payment will be made for the excess excavation or

disposal or the concrete filling.

Recording Depth Of Excavation

The Architect should be informed forty-eight (48)

hours before excavation are filled in to record

the depth of the excavation. Failure to inform the

Architect shall not entitle the Contractor to

claim for additional depth in excavation.


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B

Disposal Of Surplus Excavated Material

The excavated earth is to be taken neatly out from

the site by lorries. Spillovers shall immediately

be cleaned up as much as possible by attendants

especially engaged for the purpose so that the

roads and pavements are kept clean and tidy at alltimes.

The Contractor is to cart away and dispose off the

spoil on suitable areas as it is the

responsibility of the Contractor to find suitable

areas and obtain the necessary permission from the

authorities or the land owners and to pay all

costs and expenses.

Damage To Existing Properties

Hontra Contractor shall be entirely responsible for any

effect or damage the excavation may have upon, or

which may be caused to the works any existing

structures or any surrounding property and for any

effect or damage that may be caused by the

disposal of excavated materials.

The Contractor shall be responsible for any

landslips in the excavation and any injurious

effects caused thereby and shall make good at his

own expenses all such damage, whether to the

Works, the adjoining property or adjacent

structures to the satisfaction of the Architect.

No additional payment will be made to the

Contractor if by reason of hardship the quantity

of excavation is increased.


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B

Bottom Of Excavations To Be Approved

The Contractor shall give the Architect at least

forty-eight (48) hours notice when the excavation

will be ready for inspection. The bottom of every

excavation will be inspected by the Architect and

the level thereof agreed between the Architect and

the Contractor. If a good bearing bottom is

obtained at a lesser depth than shown on the

drawings, or is not obtained at the level so

shown, the Architect is to be informed.

No concrete is to be laid until the bottom has

been approved and the level thereof taken.

Notwithstanding such approval, any bottom which

becomes waterlogged or otherwise spoilt after

approval, shall be cleaned out and reformed to the

Architects satisfaction before any concrete is

placed.

Dewatering And Temporary Drains

The excavation is at all times to be kept well

drained and dry with the help of drains, sumps,

etc. and by pumping. The water is to be led neatly

to a sufficiently big drain so that no mud or

water will spill on to the roads or pavements.

The Contractor shall also keep the main drains in

the immediate and surrounding areas free from

silting up owing to the effluent from the site.

Before pumping commence, the Contractor shall

submit to the Architect for approval the layout of

temporary drains, the locations and details of

pump sumps. The drainage layout shall be revised

periodically as is deemed necessary to suit the

site condition.

The drainage system should comply with the

requirements of the Public Works Departments and

the Health Department and any other appropriate

authorities.

The Contractor shall obtain the necessary

approvals and pay all costs and expenses. The

Contractor is deemed to have included the cost of

providing temporary drainage and any other cost

necessary for compliance to this Clause.


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A General Labours, Prices And Measurements

All excavations are measured nett and the

Contractor shall allow in his prices for

additional excavation necessary for working space

etc. and for increased bulk after excavation.

Prices for excavation shall include:-

(a) For excavation in whatever type of

materials as encountered. Rock excavation(as defined herein) shall be paid

separately as an extra over normal

excavation.

(b) Grubbing up old roots etc. removing old

drain disused water pipes and electric

cables etc. and sealing off connection.

(c) Trimming sides, leveling or grading and

ramming to bottom of excavations.

(d) Planking and strutting or shoring to all

faces of excavation including any

additional excavation for planking and

strutting and formwork and subsequent

return filling and ramming or disposal or

excavated material occasioned thereby.

(e) For excavating below water table level.

Should the Contractor encounter ground which he

considers to fall within the category of Rock he

shall immediately inform the Architect and

Resident Architect in writing to seek instruction

regarding the recording of such material as no

claim can be accepted after the material has been

removed. Prices for earth filling, hardcore and

similar material shall include for all necessary

temporary, retaining boards and any extra material

required caused by penetration into the sub-soil.


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General Labours, Prices And Measurements (Contd)

The description of all items of excavation,

filling and disposal of excavated material shall

be held to include for any multiple handling to

and from temporary spoil heaps. Any excavationwhich are carried out below the required level are

to be filled back with mass concrete (1:3:6 - 40mm

aggregate) at the Contractors expenses.

The terms remove surplus excavated materials

shall be deemed to mean the provision of all

necessary ramps, hoists, baskets, etc. and load,

cart and deposit on site as directed by the

Architect Any surplus excavation not required on

site should be removed from the site.


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B

C

D

CONCRETE WORK

Reinforced Concrete

The reinforced concrete has been designed

generally in accordance with the recommendation

contained in B.S. 8110.

Unreinforced Concrete

Unreinforced concrete shall comply with all therelevant requirements for reinforced concrete.

Cement

Cement, unless otherwise described, shall be

Portland cement complying with B.S. 12 or

Portland blast furnace cement complying with B.S.

146. Sulphate resisting cement where specified

shall comply with B.S. 4027. Cement shall be

delivered in the original sealed and branded bags

or in manufacturers containers.

The name of the supplier and source shall be

submitted to the S.O. for approval.

Manufacturers certificates shall be submitted to

the S.O. on request.

Aggregates

Aggregates shall comply with the recommendations

of B.S. 882 and testing according to B.S. In

special circumstances a deviation from B.S. 882 in

respect of grading of aggregates may be accepted,

subject to the prior approval of the S.O.For

exposed, prestressed or sulphate resisting cement

concrete, the salt content, expressed as the


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percentage of sodium chloride in the dry weight of

aggregate, should not exceed 1%.

A

B

Aggregates (Contd)

For other concrete, the total salt in a mix

(sodium chloride from aggregate + calcium

chloride from any additive) shall not exceed 2%

of the weight of cement. For structural concrete

grades the maximum size of fine aggregate shall

be 4.8mm. The preferred nominal maximum sizes of

coarse aggregate are 40mm, 20mm, 14mm and l0mm asspecified in tables 2, 3 and 4.

Any special requirements in regard to size, type

or colour of aggregates are specified in Tables

2, 3 and 4. Sand (Fine Aggregates) to be used in

this project shall be river sand. The use of

coastal sand, mining sand or crushed stone sand

shall not be permitted. The source, colour and

type of aggregates shall be approved by the S.O.

Limestone aggregates shall not be used for

substructures concreting Works.

Water

Water shall be from the mains and kept free of

any impurities. Where test are required they

shall be in accordance with the requirements of

B.S. 3148.

Reinforcement

Mild steel reinforcement shall comply with B.S.

4449. High yield stress steel reinforcement shall

be:-

Either cold-worked deformed bars complying with B.S.


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4461.

Or hot-rolled deformed bars complying with the

following requirements:-

Minimum yield stress: 410 N/mm2

Minimum elongation : up to and including 22mm

nominal size 12%, over 22mm nominal size 14%.

A

Reinforcement(Contd)

Welded steel fabric shall comply with B.S. 4483

Mesh shall be delivered to site as flat sheets.

The Contractor shall provide manufacturers

certificate verifying compliance with this

specification, for each consignment from each

source.

Storage

Cement shall be stored in a weatherproof shed of

adequate size having a raised of dry floor or in

bulk in silos of approved design. Different types

of cement shall be stored separately.

Aggregates shall be stored on hard paved sloping

areas with adequate dividing walls, or in

approved containers to prevent mixing of

different type of aggregates.

Cement and aggregates shall be used in the order

in which they are received on site and storage

shall be arranged to facilitate this procedure.

Reinforcement shall be stored in racks clear of

the ground. Bundles of reinforcement shall be

clearly tagged with bar schedule and bar mark

reference. Where materials are to be stored on

suspended floors or roofs the Contractor shall


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ensure that such storage will not overload or

distort the structural frame.

Rejected Materials

Materials, which have been damaged or are

contaminated or have deteriorated or do not comply

with this Specification shall be rejected and

shall be removed from the site immediately at the

Contractors expense.

A

TESTS

General

Before commencement of the Works the Contractor

shall submit to the S.O. for his approval the

name of the Testing Authority he proposes to

employ.

The Contractor shall provide equipment and labour

necessary for carrying out the tests on or off

site specified or described in this

Specification. He shall make the necessary

arrangements for the delivery of samples and test

pieces to the approved Testing Authority. The

Contractor shall maintain any testing equipment

on site in proper working order to the


provide copies of test results to the S.O. as

required.

The manufacturers certificates of test will in

general be accepted as proof of soundness, but the

S.O. may require additional tests to be carried

out on any cement which in his opinion has

deteriorated through age, damage to container,

improper storage or for any other reason. Should

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