BacteriaQuick Fact – Used to be in the Kingdom Monera

– 1 kingdom, now they are in 2 separate kingdoms and 2 separate domains.

Remember: New discoveries in science lead to new conclusions – science always changes.

General Bacteria Facts

• 3 basic shapes– Coccus– Bacillus– Spirillus

• 3 basic arrangements– Strepto– Staphylo– Diplo

• 2 main types based on a staining technique– Gram Positive – stain purple - PEPTIDOGLYCAN– Gram Negative – stain pink – NO Peptidoglycan

Shapes of Bacteria

Arrangement of Bacteria

Name the Bacteria Below

Name the Bacteria Below

Name the Bacteria Below

Name the Bacteria Below

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

Bacteria In Love• 3 ways to Reproduce

– Conjugation• Sexual – 2 bacteria swap DNA

– Binary Fission• Asexual – like cell division

– Endospore• Self-preservation – bacteria cell goes into a state of

dormancy (no movement, no metabolism) – when conditions are ideal, the bacteria will come out of its dormancy

How do bacteria move?

• Cilia

• Flagella

• Stationary

• Some move by gliding or spiraling

Bacteria and Energy

• Photoheterotrophs – can make their own food with light, but also can ingest food around them

• Chemoautotrophs – absorb the chemicals around them to make their own energy/ food– Bacteria that are used to clean up oil spills

• Heterotrophs – get food from their surroundings

• Photoautotrophs – make their own food via photosynthesis

Bacteria and their Environment

• Obligate Aerobe – must have oxygen and cannot live in an anaerobic environment

• Obligate Anaerobe – does not metabolize oxygen and cannot live in an aerobic environment

• Facultative Anaerobe – depends on oxygen, but can live in an non-oxygenated environment by switching to fermentation

Good and Bad

• Decomposers• Nitrogen Fixation• Fermentation to

create Sourdough Bread, Pickles, Cheeses

• Clean up oil spills• Sewage disposal• Botox• Breaking down metals

– gold mining

• Cause many diseases– Strep Throat– Pneumonia– Salmonella Poisoning– Botulism – improperly

canned vegetables– E.Coli Poisoning– Anthrax– Bubonic Plague

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algea)• Gave rise to modern-day algae – which is

in the Kingdom Protista

• Endosymbiotic Theory – says this is where the chloroplast and eukaryotic algae came from

Kingdom EubacteriaStreptococcus pyogenes

Escheria coli

http://www.microscopyconsulting.com

http://lenta.ru/news/2005/09/30/bacteria/

Kingdom Eubacteria

• Domain Bacteria

• Prokaryote

• Cell wall, peptidoglycan

• Unicellular

• Autotrophic & heterotrophic

• Can be the cause of many different diseases

Kingdom Archaebacteria

http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~rhdt/diploma/lecture_6/

Halophile (salt lover)

Methanogen

http://home.arcor.de/mpaetzold2001/astrobio011109.html

Kingdom Archaebacteria• Domain Archaea

• Prokaryote

• Cell wall, no peptidoglycan

• Unicellular

• Autotrophic & Heterotrophic

• Known as Extremophiles – live in harsh conditions

• Earliest organisms to have lived

Extremophiles

• Halophiles – Salt Lake, UT

• Thermophiles – found in thermal vents in the oceans

• Thermoacidophiles – found in Old Faithful geisers

• Psychrophiles – very cold areas