B2 Revision cards

B2 Revision QuestionsPart 2

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Question 1

• Name 2 adaptations of predators

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Answer 1

• Hunting skills, eyes on front of head to judge distances, sharp claws and teeth.

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Question 2

• Name 2 adaptations of prey

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Answer 2

• Eyes on either side of their head, travel in herds/ groups, can move fast

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Question 3

• What is adaptation?

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Answer 3

• A characteristic of an organism that helps it to survive in its habitat.

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Question 4

• What does extinct mean?

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Answer 4

• When all member of a species have died out

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Question 5

• What is hibernation? Why do some animals do this?

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Answer 5

• Where an animals’ activity is lowered due to a lack of food and change in weather conditions.

• They do this to survive when conditions are bad.

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Question 6

• What is migration? Why do some animals do this?

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Answer 6

• Where animals travel long distances due to a change in environmental conditions (heat, food, water)

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Question 7

• What is meant by counter current heat exchange system?

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Answer 7

• Warm blood in one blood vessel passes the cold blood in another and transfers heat, reducing heat loss

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Question 8

• How do animals adapt by hibernating?

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Answer 8

• Lowering their metabolic rate

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Question 9

• What is an extremophile?

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Answer 9

• An organism that can live in extreme conditions (high temperature/ pressure)

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Question 10

• What is a specialist organism?

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Answer 10

• Suited to only one type of habitat

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Question 11

• What is a generalist organism?

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Answer 11

• Can survive in many different habitats with different conditions.

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Question 12

• Name 4 ways that camels are adapted to their environment

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Answer 12

• Hump with fat, long eye lashes, wide feet, thick fur, nose that can close, strong legs, tough lips

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Question 13

• Do you want a high or low surface area: volume ratio if you want to lose more heat?

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Answer 13

• High

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Question 14

• Name 3 ways that fish are adapted

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Answer 14

• Steam-lined, travels in groups, eyes on side of head, gills

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Question 15

• What is evolution?

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Answer 15

• The gradual change in organisms over millions of years caused by mutations and natural selection

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Question 16

• What two things could happen to organisms if an environment changes?

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Answer 16

• Evolve or die out (become extinct)

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Question 17

• Who’s theory of evolution is more widely accepted?

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Answer 17

• Darwin’s

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Question 18

• What is natural selection?

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Answer 18

• Process where ‘good’ characteristics are passed on in genes to become more common

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Question 19

• What are adaptations controlled by?

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Answer 19

• Genes

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Question 20

• Give 2 reasons why the theory of natural selection is now widely accepted.

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Answer 20

• We know more about inheritance and DNA which explains how it works.

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Question 21

• What is meant by the survival of the fittest?

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Answer 21

• Organisms with the right characteristics will survive. If they don’t have them they will

become extinct

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Question 22

• Why do animals produce more young than necessary

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Answer 22

• More chance of some of them surviving and passing on their genes.

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Question 23

• Why did people disagree with Darwin’s theory of evolution to begin with?

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Answer 23

• Contradicted God, not enough evidence, people didn’t believe we evolved from apes

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Question 24

• What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

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Answer 24

• Organisms evolve by natural selection

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Question 25

• What are the 4 factors in Darwin’s theory natural selection?

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Answer 25

• There is competition for limited resources

• Organisms produce more young than will survive

• Within a species there is natural variation

• Organisms that survive pass on their successful genes to their offspring.

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Question 26

• Give 5 reasons why organisms may be come extinct or endangered

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Answer 26

• Climate change, habitat destruction, hunting, pollution, competition

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Question 27

• State 6 ways for how endangered species can be conserved

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Answer 27

• Protecting habitats, legal protection, education and captive breeding programmes,

seed banks, creating artificial ecosystems

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Question 28

• What natural resources can be sustainably managed?

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Answer 28

• Fish stocks and woodland

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Question 29

• What is speciation?

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Answer 29

• Where a new species is made due to natural selection through geographic or reproductive

isolation

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Question 30

• What are the 2 factors required for speciation?

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Answer 30

• Geographic or reproductive isolation (without breeding within populations)

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Question 31

• Give 4 reasons why we have conservation programmes

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Answer 31

• Protect human food supply, ensuring minimal damage to food chains, cultural aspects,

future identification of plants for medicine

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Question 32

• What is Lamarck’s theory of acquired characteristics?

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Answer 32

• That animals acquired characteristics they needed in their life and passed these on to

their offspring.

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Question 33

• Why was Lamarck’s theory discredited?

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Answer 33

• As we found genes pass on characteristics and changes to you during your life do not change

your genes.

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Question 34

• Why has the theory of natural selection become more developed over the years?

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Answer 34

• We now have a greater understanding of genes and DNA which helps to explain how

the theory works.

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Question 35

• Why did the peppered moth evolve?

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Answer 35

• Pollution changed the colour of tree bark-moths with light colour were more easily

spotted and eaten. The darker coloured ones were more camouflaged so survived and

reproduced.

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Question 36

• What is happening to the size of the human population?

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Answer 36

• It is increasing exponentially

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Question 37

• What does finite mean? Which 2 resources are finite?

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Answer 37

• It is running out. Minerals and fossil fuels

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Question 38

• What happens to the amount of pollution as the population increases?

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Answer 38

• It increases

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Question 39

• What are 4 ways that humans make pollution?

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Answer 39

• Household waste, sewage, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels

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Question 40

• Why is the population growing?

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Answer 40

• Birth rate is greater than death rate

• People are living longer due to advances in medicine.

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Question 41

• What is acid rain?

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Answer 41

• Rain water, which is made more acidic by pollutant gases such as sulphur dioxide.

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Question 42

• What is ozone depletion?

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Answer 42

• Where the ozone layer is depleted due to gases (CFC’s)

• This causes more UV radiation to enter the Earths atmosphere – which can lead to sun

burn and skin cancer in humans.

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Question 43

• What species can indicate water pollution if they are present?

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Answer 43

• Waterlouse, sludgeworm, rat-tailed maggot, mayfly larvae

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Question 44

• What species can indicate air pollution if they are present?

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Answer 44

• Lichen

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Question 45

• Describe 2 ways that pollution can be measured

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Answer 45

• Direct measurement of pollutant levels and the presence or absence of certain indicator

species.

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Question 46

• Which countries have a greater impact on the use of resources and creation of pollution?

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Answer 46

• More developed countries

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Question 47

• What is meant by a carbon footprint?

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Answer 47

• The total amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person in a given time

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Question 48

• What are the possible consequences of exponential growth?

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Answer 48

• More gases released, more waste, more food and fuel needed, more sewage

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Question 49

• What is an advantage of using a living method to measure pollution?

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Answer 49

• Cheap and easy- no high tech equipment needed

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Question 50

• What is an disadvantage of using a living method to measure pollution?

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Answer 50

• Can affect wildlife/ damage environment

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