b r _ main
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B R _ main. English Song — Beautiful Boy. Spaghetti. The American Educational System. B R _ English Song. English Song — Beautiful Boy. John Lennon. 1. A Brief Introduction to John Lennon. 2. Questions about John Lennon. 3. Chronology of John Lennon. Beautiful Boy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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English Song — Beautiful Boy
Spaghetti
The American Educational System
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English Song — Beautiful Boy
John Lennon
Beautiful Boy
Questions about the Song and the Texts
1. A Brief Introduction to John Lennon
2. Questions about John Lennon3. Chronology of John Lennon
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Spaghetti
Definition
Listen and Practice
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The American Educational System
The U.S. Grade School System
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John Lennon (1940~1980) was an English rock musician and cofounder of The Beatles, the most lauded and influential rock group of all time.
A Brief Introduction to John Lennon
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Questions about John Lennon1. Who was John Lennon?2. Which country was he from?3. What was his profession?4. Do you know any songs by him?5. Can you tell us anything about Lennon?
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October 9, 1940Born John Winston Lennon, in , England. September 1957Enrolled at Liverpool College of Art.August 23, 1962Married college girlfriend (divorced 1968). February 19, 1963Please Please Me reached Number One in the U.K. charts.February 12, 1964 started their first U.S. tour.
Chronology of John Lennon
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Liverpool
Cynthia Powell
The Beatles
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June 15, 1965The Beatles received (Member of the Order of the British Empire) from Queen Elizabeth II.March 14, 1969Married . November 25, 1969Lennon returned his MBE in peace protest.December 8, 1980 Shot dead outside his apartment in the Dakota building in New York City. The killer was a crazed fan, , who had recently obtained Lennon’s autograph( 亲笔签名 ).
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MBEs
Yoko Ono
ChapmanMark
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Liverpool
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Cynthia Powell
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The Beatles
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MBE
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Yoko
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Mark Chapman
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Beautiful Boy
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Questions about the Song and the Texts1. In your opinion, what is the song Beautiful Boy
going to tell us?2. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it
easy or full of adventures?3. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are
going to be about?
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Definition Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Unlike some Chinese noodles, it is not served in soup and will never taste pulpy ( 软乎乎、没有嚼劲的 ).
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Listen and Practice Read the words given below and then listen to
the passage. After listening to the passage, one student is required to come up and show the right way of eating spaghetti before the class.
poke 戳scoop 挖prong 尖头remainder 剩余物 twirl 快速转动
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The Right Way of Eating Spaghetti
1. Hold the fork in your hand as if to poke the spaghetti.
2. Scoop up a small amount of spaghetti on your fork and raise it about 30cm above your plate.
3. Make sure the spaghetti on your fork is completely disconnected from the remainder on your plate.
4. Put the prongs of the fork at an edge of the plate that is free of food.
5. Quickly point the prongs of the fork straight down toward the plate and place the points on the plate.
6. Twirl the fork to gather the spaghetti around the prongs.
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7. With a quick scooping movement, gather up the roll around the prongs and place it in your mouth.
8. Gently gather up any stray spaghetti ends that don’t make it all the way into your mouth.
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The American Educational System In the United States, education is the
responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization: kindergarten: under 5 years old
junior high / middle school (grades 7~8): 12~13 years old
elementary / primary school (grades 1~6): 6~11 years old
senior / high school (grades 9~12): 14~17 years oldcollege, institute, academy (学院 ), university
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Scanning
Part Division of the Text
Further Understanding
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For Part 1 True or False
For Part 2 Multiple Choice
For Part 3 Questions and Answers
Further Understanding
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Scanning
Scan Text A and find out all the time words, phrases and clauses.
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since my childhood in Belleville (Para. 1)until my third year in high school (Para. 1)until then (Para. 1) when our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English (Para. 2)late in the year (Para. 3)until the night before the essay was due (Para. 3)when I finished (Para. 6)next morning (Para. 6) two days passed (Para. 6)when I saw him lift my paper from his desk ... (Para. 6) when Mr. Fleagle finished (Para. 9)
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Part Division of the TextParts Para(s) Main Ideas
1 1~2
2 3~5
Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including his new English teacher.Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own enjoyment.
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Parts Para(s) Main Ideas
3 6~9 The experience of writing the essay helped Baker discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life.
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True or False1. Baker had never thought of becoming a
writer until he was in the eleventh grade. FAs a child in Belleville, he had thought of becoming a writer from time to time.
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2. Teachers found it painful to read students’ long and lifeless essays. T( )
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3. Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teacher for Baker’s class, the English course had been interesting. F
From the words “another cheerless year” we can see the English course had been quite boring.
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4. In Baker’s opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid and out-of-date teacher only because of Fleagle’s manner of speaking. FBesides the manner of speaking, Fleagle’s appearance and dress also showed that he was a dull and rigid teacher.
( )
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1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
A. interestingB. dullC. hopeful
D. attractive
Multiple Choice
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1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Multiple Choice
A
A. interestingB. dullC. hopeful
D. attractive
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1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Multiple Choice
A. interestingB. dullC. hopeful
D. attractive
B
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1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Multiple Choice
A. interestingB. dullC. hopeful
D. attractive
C
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1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Multiple Choice
A. interestingB. dullC. hopeful
D. attractive
D
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2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________.A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull
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2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________. A
A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull
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2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________. B
A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull
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2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________. C
A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull
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2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________. D
A. dullB. unfruitfulC. difficultD. foolish and dull
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3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten
spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
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3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten
spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
A
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3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten
spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
B
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3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten
spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
C
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3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________.A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten
spaghetti beforeB. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supperC. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new thenD. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
D
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4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ A. You’ll not write a good composition until you
like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his
teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
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4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ A. You won’t write a good composition until
you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his
teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
A
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4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ A. You won’t write a good composition until
you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his
teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
B
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4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ A. You won’t write a good composition until
you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his
teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
C
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4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ A. You won’t write a good composition until
you like the topic.B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his
teacher would like it.C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
D
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Questions and Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do you think Baker would write another essay if he had enough time? Why?What was Baker prepared for when he found all the papers had been given back but his?Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class? How did the class respond?Which paragraph in this part gives readers the impression that Baker’s essay was very good?Why did Baker feel so delighted?
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Writing for Myself
The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.
Russell Baker
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Before Reading When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness andinability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.
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Before Reading I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite sosimple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
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This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, UncleCharlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.
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Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.
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When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passedbefore Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone’s but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention.
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“Now, boys,” he said. “I want to read you an essay. This is titled, ‘The Art of Eating Spaghetti.’” And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What’s more, the entireclass was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.
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I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, don’t you see. It’s — don’t you see — it’s of the very essence of the essay, don’t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.”
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What can we infer from this sentence?
Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses.
Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses.
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Paraphrase the sentence.I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.
I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.
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What can we learn from this phrase?We can know from this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Baker’s English teacher, all English courses were dull.
another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects
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What does the author really mean when he says “ I ... was not disappointed”?
He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.
I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.
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1. What can we infer from these sentences?Baker was unwilling to write his essay.
2. List phrases to support your inference.did nothing until … the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.
I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.
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Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.1. At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of pictures in my mind’s eye.2. 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.
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Analyze the structure of the sentence.在这个长句中， came flooding back 是谓语，其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如：
A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far.All is not gold that glitters.
Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.
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What is the relationship between Baker and Doris? Why?
Doris was Baker’s sister or his female cousin. Two reasons for that: 1. Doris is a female name;2. The author mentioned “none of the
adults ...”, which shows that they were still children, not adults.
Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.
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1. Paraphrase this part of the sentence: I was prepared … for discipline.I was ready for Mr. Fleagle’s order to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me ...
2. Why did Baker think he would be punished?Because to his mind this time he had violated the rules of formal composition.
I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention.
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3. What’s the function of the word “when” in the sentence?
He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce.
More examples:
The word “when” here doesn’t mean “at or during the time that” ( 当…时 ). Instead, it means “and then” ( 在那时 ).
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Translate the sentence into Chinese.就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。
In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.
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off and on (or on and off):from time to time; now and again; irregularly
It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.
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take hold: become establishedThe idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.
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bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interestThe speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.
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Collocation:讨厌至极的人 / 事a crashing bore讨厌得要命的家伙a frightful bore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人an insufferable bore极惹人厌烦的事an utter bore
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associate: vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind 我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。
I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.
We often associate Egypt with pyramids.
Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.
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turn out:come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.
1)prove to be
2)shut off
3)produce; make4)
Match the above definitions with the sentences below.A large group of protesters have turned
out.The school has turned out some great scholars.Turn out the light before you go to bed. The plan turned out a failure.
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come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.
1)prove to be
2)shut off
3)produce; make4)
Match the above definitions with the sentences below.We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next
year to meet the market requirements.The experiment turned out to be a success. Crowds turned out for the procession.
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anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.他们预测到 2012 年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.
该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。N.B.
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We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.We anticipate hearing from you again.
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tedious: adj. boring and lasting for a long time
Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.
The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.
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inspire: vt.fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.
Collocation:使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情
inspire sth. in sb. (= inspire sb. with sth.)
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rigid: adj. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules
如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.
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Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.
severe: adj.
The widow wore a severe black dress to her husband’s funeral.
1) completely plain
海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.
2) stern; strictOnly those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.
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severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（ severe father 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（ severe look 严厉的神色），人的态度（ The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）。
3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.
severe, stern & strictCF:
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stern 与 severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如： a stern father 和 a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同： a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多； a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。strict 相当于汉语的 “ ”严格的 ，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：
CF:
The teacher is strict with his students.There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.
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tackle: vt. deal with
The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.
Toshiba ( 东芝 ) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.
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face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)
Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Year’s Eve.既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。Now that your daughter was born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.
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sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.
连续的歉收（ bad harvest ）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（ foreign aid ）。A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.
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你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。
sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：
sequence & seriesCF:
I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. 我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.
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series 是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：CF:
Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue.李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the Olympic Games.邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。
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Collocation ：顺次，挨次in sequence紧接着，一个接着一个in rapid sequence按次序，有条不紊in regular sequence事情的先后顺序the sequence of events
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recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause) I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.I don’t recall ever meeting her.
She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.
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recall, remember & remind 这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。recall“ 想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与 can ， could 等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：
CF:
Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book.我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。
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remember “ 想起”，用处比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：CF:
I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。
You must remember this phone number.你必须记住这个电话号码。
如果 remember “ ”表示有意识的行动，常指 记住 。例如：
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remind 指“使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：1) 接宾语； 2) 接宾语 +of+ 宾语；3) 接宾语 + 不定式；4) 接宾语 +that-clause 。 例如：
CF:
1) If I forget it, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。2) This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。
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3) Remind me to write to my Mom.提醒我给妈妈写信。4) The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看到钟我想起自己迟到了。
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argument: n.
Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.
1) a disagreement; a quarrel
There are many arguments against smoking.2) a reason given to support or disprove sth.
那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。The famous professor can always drive home an argument.
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Collocation ：加入 /卷入争论get into an argument中断一场争论break off an argument结束一场争论terminate an argument解决一场争论settle an argument激烈的争论a bitter / violent / heated argument提出论点put forward / offer an argument驳倒一个论点confute an argument
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put down:write down
Put down what you hear, please.
管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.
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violate: vt. act against
A country isn’t respected if it violates an international agreement.
Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.
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compose: vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.)The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.
little Lennon
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compose, consist of, comprise & constitute这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose 常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的结构，表示“由…构成”；在用于主动语态时 , 一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：
CF:
Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。
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consist of 意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：CF:
New York City consists of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成。
comprise “ … ” “ ”可表示 由 构成 ；也可表示 构成 。例如：
The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由 50 个州组成。
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constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：CF:
Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。
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Have you all turned in your homework for last night?
1
The criminal turned herself in.
turn in: 1. hand in; give over2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police3. give back; returnMatch the above definitions with the sentences below. 2
For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper.1You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army. 3
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command: 1. n. order
The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated. The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.
2. v. give an order (to)
The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.
船长命令船员立刻离船。
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If you command wisely, you’ll be obeyed cheerfully.[ 谚语 ] 指挥有方，人人乐从。He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.[ 谚语 ]不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。
像 suggest, demand 等动词一样 ,跟在 command 后面的 that 从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“ should+原形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如：
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He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.
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Collocation:get command of 控制have a good command of 能自由应用have … at one’s command 能充分掌握…take command of 开始担任…指挥under (the) command of 由…指挥；在…指挥之下
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command & ordercommand 暗含“必须服从”的意思，比较正式。例如 :CF:
The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy.军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。
order 指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. 他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。
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what’s more: in addition; more importantly
Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. What’s more, she has already published three books on gardening.
How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!
你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！
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hold back: 1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.)
Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.
2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forwardThe men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.
3) prevent the development ofYou could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.
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4) keep (sth.) secret把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。Tell me about it — don’t hold anything back.
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avoid: vt. keep or get away from (usu. followed by noun / gerund)The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished.
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。
英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如： avoid ， deny ， enjoy ， escape ，finish ， mind ， miss ， postpone ， suggest ， feel like ， give up ， put off 等，我们在使用中要特别注意。
NB:
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avoid & escape两词均有“避”的意思。avoid 指“（有意识地）躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是“逃避”实际的威胁。例如：
CF:
He deliberately avoided seeing me.他故意回避我。The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully.如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。
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escape 作及物动词时，表示“逃脱”，常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如：CF:
How did he imagine that things like that could escape detection?他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢？The name has escaped my memory.我记不得那名字了。
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the eleventh hour: the last moment before sth. important happensJohn turned in the report at the eleventh hour.
The president’s visit was called off at the eleventh hour.
那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。
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career: n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s lifeMy farmer parents have never expected me to
make novel writing my career.
My grandfather was a career teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.
我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。
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Collocation ：carve (out) a career for oneself闯出一番事业；谋求发迹in (the) full career 开足马力地，全速地make a career 在事业上有所成就
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put / set the seal on: make sth. definite or completeA last-minute goal set / put the seal on Tottenham’s victory.The experience set the seal on their friendship.
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Useful Expressions
Synonyms
Writing Practice
Sentence Translation
Talk about the Pictures
Proverbs and Quotations
Spot Dictation
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Writing Practice
A Brief Introduction
Sample Letters
Homework
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Useful Expressions 1. 断断续续 off and on
2. 对…感到腻味 be bored by ...3. 觉得…枯燥难懂 find ... dull and difficult4. 以…而出名 have a reputation for ...5. 据说某人… sb. be said to be ...6. 拘谨刻板，落后于时代 formal, rigid and out-of-date7. 随笔小品文 an informal essay
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lie on a sofaface up to ...be seated around the supper table... reawake in my mind
for one’s own joyviolate the rulesa failing grade
8. 躺在沙发上9. …不得不面对
10. 围坐在晚餐桌旁11. … 重现在我脑海中12. 自得其乐13. 违反规定14. 不及格分
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15. …别无选择，只好做 There is no choice but to do ...16. 更重要的是，而且 what’s more17. 专心地听 listen attentively18. 乐呵呵地开怀大笑 laugh with open-hearted
enjoyment19. 心花怒放 pure delight20. 最后的时刻 at the eleventh hour
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SynonymsFind out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for the words and phrases below.
dull (Para. 1):
lifeless (Para. 1), cheerless, tedious (Para. 2)_____________________________________
turn out (Para. 1):
write (Para. 1), put down (Para. 5), compose (Para. 6) __________________________________________________________________
anticipate (Para. 2):prepare for (Para. 3)
formal (Para. 2):
rigid, prim, correct (Para. 2), proper, respectable (Para. 6)__________________________________________________________________
________________
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vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb. (Para. 4) : sth. reawakes in sb’s mind; sb. recalls sth. (Para. 4)_______________________________________________
recapture (Para. 5) : relive (Para. 5)_____________
pleasure (Para. 9):
delight, happiness (Para. 9)_______________________
contempt (Para. 8): ridicule (Para. 8) _______________
topic (Para. 3):title (Para. 4) ___________
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A Brief Introduction
A letter of congratulations, or congratulation letter, is used in both personal and business situations. Its primary purpose is to formally congratulate someone on an outstanding achievement. Certain types of congratulation letters are also referred to as “commendation letters” in some situations. In order to write an effective congratulation letter, you can follow the following tips:
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1. Write the congratulation letter as soon as possible after the fortunate event takes place.
2. State in the beginning the specific occasion that has motivated you to write your letter.
3. Express praise and approval of the reader’s accomplishments.
4. Keep your congratulation letter simple and concise —under one page in length.
5. Be positive and don’t include any negative comments or unhappy news.
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6.
7.
8.
9. 10
.
Don’t suggest that the fortunate event should benefit the letter-writer in any way.Don’t exaggerate your congratulatory words, or your letter may seem sarcastic or mocking.Edit your letter for correct structure, grammar, and punctuation.Don’t forget to spell check your letter.Wait some time and proof-read your letter again before sending it.
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Hi Moon,
I am very glad to hear from you that you are getting married. Congratulations on your marriage.
You are so lucky. You married a handsome and intelligent man. Anyway, I wish you happiness.
Sample LettersInformal
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By the way, since you are getting married, how are you going to plan your wedding? Is there a wedding ceremony or a wedding party? I think it would be romantic if the ceremony is held in a church. And where are you going to spend your honeymoon? I really hope to join your wedding ceremony. Congratulations again. How lovely to hear the good news.
Yours sincerely,Edward
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June 25, 2009Belinda Asher620 Mayview Ave.Pineville, WV 24874Dear Belinda:On behalf of everyone here at Deerwood Resorts Ltd., I
Formal
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would like to sincerely congratulate you on your recent graduation from Mountain State University with your M.B.A. (Marketing).
I must say that I was not surprised to read of your success in the newspaper. During your first of four summers as an employee at our Lakeland Family Resort, I noted how bright and quick-minded you are for business. Combine those attributes with your relentless work ethic and commitment to quality customer service, and it is obvious that you have a wide-open future ahead of you.
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I can only hope that your experience working with us contributed in some small way to your success.
On behalf of the management and staff at Deerwood Resorts, I wish you all the best in your future career and life endeavors, whatever they may be.
Yours sincerely,
Bruce AtkinsonPresident and CEO
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Homework
You are required to write a letter of congratulations based on the information below.
1. 2. 3.
4.
XX是你高中的同班同学。获悉他（她）考上 XX大学，攻读XX专业，特此祝贺。他（她）的成绩是他（她）刻苦努力的结果，希望他（她）在新的环境里取得更好成绩。再次表示祝贺。
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29th July, 2009
Dear Xiao Ma,
I am writing to congratulate you on having been admitted to Southeast University and majoring in electronic engineering.
All that you have gained is the result of your hard work. I wish you would continue your efforts and gain further success in the new environment. Although we live in different cities, we still feel close to each other. Please keep in touch with me. I often recall our life in
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Before Readinghigh school. In those days, we stayed, played and studied together. We enjoyed each other’s company so much that we have maintained our friendship till now. Besides, I have learnt a lot from you, and even today I often remember how hard you studied. You told me that you were determined to be an expert in Double E, and now you are beginning to realize your dream. Your success tells me that hard work will pay off in the end. Congratulations again.Sincerely yours,Tang Jinguo
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Spot Dictation
During the course of growing up, many children will meet different kinds of problems. The passage you’re going to listen to is about two letters between an eleven-year-old girl and an editor of a children’s magazine. When you’re listening, you’re required to fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear.
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Sometimes my three-year-old sister makes a ( 一团糟 ) in my room. When I tell her to it , she doesn’t. Can you me?
A Letter from a Girlmess____
clean up_____ ___help____
A Letter from an Editor Having a younger sibling ( 同胞 ) can be a . It’s great that you are looking for a peaceful . Your sister is very and may not that she is .When little children play, they spread things everywhere. Perhaps you could out of cleaning up together. Tell her it’s a and you
challenge________solution_______
young_____ realize______making a mess____________ tend
to ______
make a game___________race____
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want to see if she can faster than you can. If you help your sister now, she’ll probably learn to clean by herself when she is .a bit older_________
clean up_______
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1. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。
Sentence Translation
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2. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。
3. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗看了一下。
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4. 我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
5. 突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle.
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6. 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle.
7. 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.
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Talk about the Pictures
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Proverbs and Quotations
1. Youth and age will never agree.
少年和老头，永远不相投。2. Youth is the season of hope.
青春是希望的季节。3. Youth must have its fling (猛冲 ).
年轻人要敢闯。
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4. You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success.
— Charles Chaplin, American actor
人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。—— 美国演员 C. 卓别林 5. Follow your own course, and let people talk.
— Dante, Italian poet
走自己的路，让人家去说吧。 —— 意大利诗人 但丁
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Culture Notes
Reading
Comprehension Tasks
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Valedictorian & Valediction
Definition
Origin
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Comprehension Tasks
Dialogue
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DefinitionValedictorian: “Valedictorian” refers to the student who has received the best marks all the way through school, and usually makes a speech at the graduation ceremony. The title of class valedictorian is common in educational institutions in the United States and Canada, and its equivalent in Australia, New Zealand, and Scotland is “dux”.
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Valediction: Valediction is also called valedictory address. It is the closing or farewell statement delivered at a graduation ceremony. It is an oration (正式演说 ) at commencement exercises (毕业典礼 ) in U.S. high schools, colleges, and universities delivered by one of the graduates.
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Origin In his diary for 1759, the Reverend Edward Holyoke, president of Harvard College, noted that “Officers of the Sophisters chose Valedictorian.” Made up of suitably solemn words from Latin, “valedictorian” simply means “farewell sayer.” Twenty years later, there was a record of a valedictory speech at the College of New Jersey in Princeton by one of the six graduating students. The practice spread to colleges and schools throughout the land, so that now it is customary everywhere to appoint the student with the highest academic standing as valedictorian to speak at graduation ceremony.
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The Scholarship Jacket
The small Texas school that I attended carried out a tradition every year during the eighth grade graduation; a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the class valedictorian, the student who had maintained the highest grades for eight years.
Marta Salinas
I was fourteen and in the eighth grade. I had been a straight A student since the first grade, and the last year I had looked forward to owning the jacket. My father was a farm laborer who couldn’t earn enough money to feed eight children, so when I was six I was given to my grandparents to raise.
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We couldn’t participate in sports at school because there were registration fees, uniform costs, and trips out of town; so there would never be a sports school jacket for us. This one, the scholarship jacket, was our only chance. One day in May, on the way from my history class to the gym, I remembered my P.E. shorts were still in the classroom. I had to walk back and get them. I was almost back at the door when I heard angry voices and arguing in my classroom. I recognized the voices: Mr. Schmidt, my history teacher, and Mr. Boone, my math teacher. They seemed to be arguing about me. I couldn’t believe it.
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I still remember the shock that rooted me flat against the wall. “I refuse to do it! I don’t care who her father is, her grades don’t even begin to compare to Martha’s. I won’t lie or falsify records. Martha has a straight A plus average and you know it.” That was Mr. Schmidt and he sounded very angry. Mr. Boone’s voice sounded calm and quiet. “Look, Joann’s father is not only on the Board, he owns the only store in town; we could say it was a close tie and — ”
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The pounding in my ears drowned out the rest of the words, only a word here and there filtered through. “ … Martha is Mexican … resign … won’t do it …” To this day I don’t remember how I made it through the rest of the afternoon. I went home very sad and cried into my pillow that night so Grandmother wouldn’t hear me. The next day when the principal called me into his office, I knew what it would be about. He looked uncomfortable and unhappy.
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“Martha,” he said, “there’s been a change in policy this year regarding the scholarship jacket. As you know, it has always been free.” He cleared his throat and continued. “This year the Board decided to charge fifteen dollars — which still won’t cover the complete cost of the jacket.” I stared at him in shock and a small sound of dismay escaped my throat. I hadn’t expected this. “So if you are unable to pay the fifteen dollars for the jacket, it will be given to the next one in line.”
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Standing with all the dignity I could muster, I said, “I’ll speak to my grandfather about it, sir, and let you know tomorrow.” I cried on the walk home from the bus stop. “Where’s Grandpa?” I asked Grandma. “I think he’s out back working in the bean field.” I went outside and looked out at the fields. There he was. I walked slowly out to him, trying to think how I could best ask him for the money. I wanted that jacket so much. It represented eight years of hard work and expectation. He saw me and looked up.
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He waited for me to speak. I cleared my throat nervously and clasped my hands behind my back so he wouldn’t see them shaking. “Grandpa, I have a big favor to ask you,” I said in Spanish, the only language he knew. He still waited silently. I tried again. “Grandpa, this year the principal said the scholarship jacket is not going to be free. It’s going to cost fifteen dollars and I have to take the money in tomorrow, otherwise it’ll be given to someone else.” The last words came out in an eager rush. I waited, desperately hoping he’d say I could have the money.
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He turned to me and asked quietly, “What does a scholarship jacket mean?” I answered quickly; maybe there was a chance. “It means you’ve earned it by having the highest grades for eight years and that’s why they’re giving it to you.” Too late I realized the significance of my words. Grandpa knew that I understood it was not a matter of money. It wasn’t that. He went back to hoeing the weeds that sprang up between the delicate little bean plants. Finally he spoke again.
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“Then if you pay for it, Marta, it’s not a scholarship jacket, is it? Tell your principal I will not pay the fifteen dollars.” I walked back to the house and locked myself in the bathroom for a long time. I was angry with Grandfather even though I knew he was right, and I was angry with the Board, whoever they were. Why did they have to change the rules just when it was my turn to win the jacket? It was a very sad and withdrawn girl who dragged into the principal’s office the next day.
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“What did your grandfather say?” I sat very straight in my chair. “He said to tell you he won’t pay the fifteen dollars.” “Why?” he asked. “Your grandfather has the money. Doesn’t he own a small bean farm?” I looked at him, forcing my eyes to stay dry. “He said if I had to pay for it, then it wouldn’t be a scholarship jacket,” I said and stood up to leave. I was almost to the door when he stopped me. “Martha — wait.”
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I turned and looked at him, waiting. He looked at me, biting his lip, as if thinking. “Okay, damn it. We’ll make an exception in your case. I’ll tell the Board. You’ll get your jacket.” I could hardly believe it. I spoke in a trembling rush. “Oh, thank you, sir!” Suddenly I felt great. I wanted to yell, jump, run the mile, do something. I ran out so I could cry in the hall where there was no one to see me. At the end of the day, Mr. Schmidt winked at me and said, “I hear you’re getting a scholarship jacket this year.”
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His face looked as happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better. Without answering I gave him a quick hug and ran to the bus. I cried on the walk home again, but this time because I was so happy. I couldn’t wait to tell Grandpa and ran straight to the field. “The principal said he’s making an exception for me, Grandpa, and I’m getting the jacket after all. That’s after I told him what you said.” Grandpa didn’t say anything, he just gave me a pat on the shoulder and a smile.
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award: vt. give or grant (by official decision) (award sb. sth.; award sth. to sb.)She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her work in medical research.
The management has / have awarded all factory employees a 5% pay increase.
主管部门以给每人增加百分之五工资的方式奖励所有员工。
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maintain: vt. keep up; continue The Department maintains many close contacts with the chemical industry.
It is best if divorced parents can maintain friendly relations for the sake of their children.
如果为了孩子们，离异的双亲能维持友好关系的话，那是最理想的。
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look forward to: think about (sth.) which will happen in the future (usu. with pleasure) (used in the pattern: look forward to sth. / doing sth.)
My mother says she’s looking forward to meeting you.
我妈妈说她盼望着见你。I’m really looking forward to our vacation.
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participate in: become involved in
学生们期待他们的老师能参加毕业典礼。I’ d like to thank everyone who has participated in tonight’ s show.
The students expected their professors to participate in the graduation ceremony.
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sth. doesn’t / can’t compare (with / to sth. else):
这辆车根本无法与我的老车相比，那车真是漂亮极了。
If sth. does not compare with / to sth. else, it is not as good, large etc.
This car just doesn’t compare to my old car, which is a real beauty.
The rides at the fair just can’t compare with the rides at Disneyland.
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plus:
这些车售价不低于一万五千美元。1. adj. more than the amount or number indicatedHe works 10 hours a day plus.
Those cars cost $15,000 plus.
租金是每周 100美元，外加煤气和电费。2. prep. added toThe jacket costs $49.95 plus tax.
The rent will be $100 a week, plus (= added to the cost of) gas and electricity.
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here and there: in different places
房子处处都需要粉刷。There were a few books here and there, but apart from that the room was quite bare.The house just needs a bit of paint here and there.
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At sixteen, I resigned myself to the fact that I’d never be a dancer.
resign: v. officially tell your employer that you are going to leave your job
Mr. Smith resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
Idiom:resign oneself to sth. / doing sth.: make yourself accept sth. that is bad but cannot be changed
十六岁那年，我接受了自己不能成为一名舞蹈家的现实。John resigned himself to the long walk home.
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make it: succeed in arriving somewhere; be successful in a job or activity
很多运动员想在奥林匹克运动会上获金牌，但他们中很少的人能得偿所愿。 We made it to the station just as the bus was leaving.
A lot of athletes want to win gold medals at the Olympic Games, but very few of them actually make it.
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regarding: prep. concerning
警察急切地想要得到与那位妇女死亡相关的任何信息。The police are anxious for any information regarding the woman’s death.
The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.
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represent: vt. be a sign or symbol of
六百多名运动员代表中国参加了 2008北京奥运会。More than six hundred athletes represented China in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council.
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expectation: n. a strong belief or hope that sth. will happen (followed by of / that-clause)
肖恩（ Sean ）参加竞争但不抱太大成功的希望。Sean entered the competition without much expectation of success.
For some time Lesley lived with the expectation that she was going to win the lottery.
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significance: n. meaning; importance (followed by of / for / to)
直到后来，我们才意识到他话里的意义。Only later did we realize the true significance of his remark.
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for / to people suffering from heart problems.
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delicate: adj.fragile; soft
太阳很容易晒坏孩子娇嫩的皮肤。The sun can easily damage a child’s delicate skin.
Delicate plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter.
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Each plant, without exception, contains some kind of salt.
exception: n. person or thing that is left out
每种植物都毫无例外地含有某种盐。
Most of the students did well in the exam, though there were one or two exceptions.
set expressions:
We all laughed, with the exception of Maggie.with the exception of sb. / sth.; without exception
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tremble: vi.shiver
她的下嘴唇在颤抖，眼泪涌出眼眶。Her bottom lip trembled and tears welled up in her eyes.
Jane’ s voice began to tremble and I thought she was going to cry.
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yell: vi. say, shout, or cry loudly
很抱歉，昨晚我对你大喊大叫。I’m sorry I yelled at you last night.
Kids were pushing past me down the corridor, all shouting and yelling to each other.
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innocent: adj. knowing nothing of evil or wrong; free from guilt or blame
苏珊只有十三岁，非常天真无邪。Susan is only thirteen years old and very innocent.
She has such an innocent face that I find it hard to believe anything bad of her.
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pat: n. a light touch with the open hand
他在狗的头上拍了一下。He gave the dog a pat on the head.
The coach gave him a pat on the shoulder.
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The pounding in my ears drowned out the rest of the words, only a word here and there filtered through. “ … Martha is Mexican … resign … won’t do it …”Translate the sentence into Chinese.
我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东一点西一点渗入片言只语。“…玛莎是墨西哥人…辞职…不干…”
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Too late I realized the significance of my words. Grandpa knew that I understood it was not a matter of money. It wasn’t that.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
等我意识到我这番话的意思时，为时已晚。爷爷知道我明白那不是钱的问题。不是那个问题。
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It was a very sad and withdrawn girl who dragged into the principal’s office the next day.Paraphrase the sentence.
She was very sad, quiet, and didn’t want to talk to other people. Unwillingly she walked into the principal’s office the next day.
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His face looked as happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better.Translate the sentence into Chinese.
他看上去像孩子般开心，像孩子般天真无邪，可是我心里比谁都明白。
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DialogueText B tells us a story about how a girl from a poor family gets a scholarship jacket. Now you are required to have a dialogue with one of your classmates.
1)2)3)
4)
something about the tradition of student award;something about the family background of the girl;the teachers’ argument and the girl’s first talk with the principal;the talk between the girl and her grandpa;
The dialogue should cover the following aspects:
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5) 6)
the girl’s second talk with the principal;what happened to the girl and her family after she got the good news.
Students may also choose to do this exercise in the form of a role-play.
NB:
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In this part, you will hear two short passages about APIASF and its recipients. You are required to listen to them carefully and write down some important information. After your listening, you are asked to have a discussion based on the questions following the passage.
Listening and Discussion
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Passage one Based in Washington, D.C., the Asian & Pacific Islander American Scholarship Fund (APIASF) is one of the largest non-profit U.S. organizations devoted solely to providing scholarships for Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIA). Since 2003, APIASF has provided a critical bridge to higher education for APIA students across the country by awarding more than $2.4 million in scholarships to 1,075 students.
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Questions for discussion:
1) What does APIASF stand for? 2) What is the function of it? And who can get it?3) How many students have got it since 2003?
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Passage two A turning point in my life was in 2002, when I came from China to the United States. Adapting to a new culture was not easy: speaking a different language, knowing new people, getting used to a new school system. My parents never pursued a higher education, but accomplished a lot nevertheless. They are working in low-wage jobs in Chinatown. Thanks to their sacrifices, I now have the opportunities they never had. Going to a four-year university at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo will give me the proper education to achieve success in life.
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I am planning to study either civil engineering or computer engineering, because both majors can help my community. When I walk through Chinatown, I see old buildings full of people living in small apartments less than 50 square feet. There are always traffic jams in Chinatown because the roads are so narrow. If I have this opportunity I would like to reorganize some of the buildings in Chinatown and lift the living standard of the community. I come from a low-income family, and both of my parents have a hard time paying for my college tuition. When I found out I was selected as a recipient of the APIASF Scholarship, I was very surprised. Without this scholarship my family would
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have to borrow money from the government and relatives. Thank you for your confidence in me and willingness to help me. I am really honored to receive this scholarship.
Qing HeSan Francisco, CA
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Questions for discussion:
1)
2)
3)
4)
What can we learn from the passage about his family? Why does the author choose civil engineering or computer engineering as his major?Why was the author so happy when he got this scholarship?What may happen to the family without this scholarship?