awareness in agriculture preventing infectious diseases
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
RefresherRefresher
Biosecurity is a set ofBiosecurity is a set of
management management practicespractices
that prevent that prevent infectiousinfectious
diseases from beingdiseases from being
carried into a herdcarried into a herd
Old and New DiseasesOld and New Diseases
Old diseasesOld diseases– BrucellosisBrucellosis– TuberculosisTuberculosis– Johne’s DiseaseJohne’s Disease– LeukosisLeukosis
New or re-emerging New or re-emerging diseasesdiseases– West Nile VirusWest Nile Virus– Hanta VirusHanta Virus– Type II Bovine Viral Type II Bovine Viral
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Foreign DiseasesForeign Diseases
Foreign animal diseasesForeign animal diseases– Foot and Mouth Foot and Mouth
DiseaseDisease– Hog CholeraHog Cholera– Bovine Spongiform Bovine Spongiform
EncephalopathyEncephalopathy– African Horse SicknessAfrican Horse Sickness
Bioterrorist diseasesBioterrorist diseases– AnthraxAnthrax– BotulismBotulism– PlaguePlague
So…So… To prevent: To prevent:
– Death lossDeath loss– Decreased weight gainsDecreased weight gains– Reduced milk productionReduced milk production– Premature culling of Premature culling of
animalsanimals– Soaring production costsSoaring production costs
We must prevent these We must prevent these infectious diseases from being infectious diseases from being carried into our herds.carried into our herds.
Sounds easy, right?Sounds easy, right? Not reallyNot really Multiple infection routesMultiple infection routes
– Fecal/oralFecal/oral
E. coli, Salmonella, BVD, Johne’sE. coli, Salmonella, BVD, Johne’s– Milk and colostrum Milk and colostrum
Johne’s, BVD, Salmonella, BLVJohne’s, BVD, Salmonella, BLV– Nasal/saliva Nasal/saliva
Salmonella, BVD, MycoplasmaSalmonella, BVD, Mycoplasma– In uteroIn utero
Johne’s, Salmonella, BVD, BLVJohne’s, Salmonella, BVD, BLV
Disease Prevention Disease Prevention StrategiesStrategies
Quarantine Quarantine
Disease Testing Disease Testing
Vaccination Vaccination
SanitationSanitation
QuarantineQuarantine
Keep incoming Keep incoming livestock away livestock away from the from the established herdestablished herd– Food Food – Water Water – Air spaceAir space
How long?How long?
QuarantineQuarantine Effective against Effective against
diseases with short diseases with short incubation periodsincubation periods– Infectious Bovine Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis Rhinotracheitis – Bovine Viral DiarrheaBovine Viral Diarrhea– Bovine Respiratory Bovine Respiratory
Syncitial VirusSyncitial Virus
Three weeks is Three weeks is generally adequategenerally adequate
QuarantineQuarantine
Not an effective strategy for long incubation Not an effective strategy for long incubation diseases or diseases with unapparent diseases or diseases with unapparent carrierscarriers– TuberculosisTuberculosis– BrucellosisBrucellosis– Johne’s DiseaseJohne’s Disease– LeptospirosisLeptospirosis
Additional biosecurity strategies must be Additional biosecurity strategies must be usedused
Disease TestingDisease Testing
Test before purchasingTest before purchasing Accuracy is uncertainAccuracy is uncertain Herd infection vs. individual Herd infection vs. individual
infectioninfection
Disease TestingDisease Testing
Test entire source herdTest entire source herd
OROR
Purchase from producers participating in Purchase from producers participating in
disease certification programsdisease certification programs
Disease TestingDisease Testing
Consult with your veterinarianConsult with your veterinarian– Which tests to requestWhich tests to request– Which animals to testWhich animals to test– How many animals to testHow many animals to test
VaccinationVaccination
Should be used with other disease Should be used with other disease prevention tactics, because vaccination is prevention tactics, because vaccination is not:not:– 100 percent effective100 percent effective– Available for all diseasesAvailable for all diseases
Ex. CryptosporidiaEx. Cryptosporidia
Established herd and additions to the herd Established herd and additions to the herd should be vaccinatedshould be vaccinated
VaccinationVaccination Sudden death diseasesSudden death diseases
– Clostridia, AnthraxClostridia, Anthrax
Respiratory diseasesRespiratory diseases– IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV, Pasterurella, etc.IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV, Pasterurella, etc.
Abortion diseasesAbortion diseases– IBR, BVD, Lepto, Vibrio, TrichomonasIBR, BVD, Lepto, Vibrio, Trichomonas
Diarrhea diseases (scours)Diarrhea diseases (scours)– Rotavirus, Corona virus, E. coliRotavirus, Corona virus, E. coli
VaccinationVaccination
Many different brands and combinations are Many different brands and combinations are availableavailable
Base your vaccination decisions on:Base your vaccination decisions on:– Herd historyHerd history– Management practicesManagement practices– Regional problemsRegional problems– Cost vs. benefitsCost vs. benefits– RiskRisk– Veterinary adviceVeterinary advice
SanitationSanitation
Keep dogs, cats, birds, rodents and wildlife away Keep dogs, cats, birds, rodents and wildlife away from feed supplies.from feed supplies.– Neospora, Salmonella, CryptosporidiaNeospora, Salmonella, Cryptosporidia
Do not use manure handling equipment to feed Do not use manure handling equipment to feed cattle.cattle.– Johne’s DiseaseJohne’s Disease– E. coli 0157:H7E. coli 0157:H7– SalmonellaSalmonella– CoccidiosisCoccidiosis
SanitationSanitation
Protect the herd from exposure to Protect the herd from exposure to infectious agentsinfectious agents
Visitor attire Visitor attire CLEAN footbath and brushCLEAN footbath and brush
Practice cleanliness and be aware of Practice cleanliness and be aware of environmental changes on a daily basisenvironmental changes on a daily basis
Newborn Calf Newborn Calf ManagementManagement
Keep traffic to a minimumKeep traffic to a minimum
ANDAND
Work with youngest Work with youngest calvescalves
before working older before working older calvescalves
Don’t Forget ColostrumDon’t Forget Colostrum
Disease can be spread Disease can be spread to calves through to calves through colostrumcolostrum
Selection of colostrum Selection of colostrum donorsdonors– Healthy Healthy
Johne’s, BLVJohne’s, BLV– Prolonged Prolonged
residenceresidence– Properly vaccinatedProperly vaccinated
Colostrum ManagementColostrum Management
1.1. Use one dam for one calfUse one dam for one calf
2.2. Milk dam within one hour after calving if Milk dam within one hour after calving if possible, not before calvingpossible, not before calving
3.3. Clean udder and teats prior to milkingClean udder and teats prior to milking
4.4. Do not store colostrum warm for second feedingDo not store colostrum warm for second feeding
5.5. Save the excess colostrum frozen in Ziploc bagsSave the excess colostrum frozen in Ziploc bags
6.6. Thaw colostrum properly to prevent damage to Thaw colostrum properly to prevent damage to immunoglobulins immunoglobulins
Take this home!Take this home! Quarantine, disease testing, vaccination, sanitationQuarantine, disease testing, vaccination, sanitation
Most diseases are bought and paid for:Most diseases are bought and paid for:– Replacements, other herd additions, leased bullsReplacements, other herd additions, leased bulls
Don’t forget:Don’t forget:– Outside vehicles, equipment and visitorsOutside vehicles, equipment and visitors
Don’t overlook the established herd:Don’t overlook the established herd:– Separation of animals, order of chores, colostrumSeparation of animals, order of chores, colostrum