iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

nino yuloSvili

qarTul diasporebTan dakavSirebuli problematika

nacionalur da diasporul presaSi

(1977-2010 wlebi)

Jurnalistikis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad

d i s e r t a c i a

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: prof. nodar tabiZe

prof. Tamaz jologua

Tbilisi 2013

1

avtoris stili daculia

S e s a v a l i

globalizaciis fonze migraciuli dinebebi siaxles ar warmoadgens.

ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, Tumca adgilsamyofel

qveynebSi integrirebulni arian, sakuTari TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas

cdiloben. maTs sazogadoebebSi funqciobs saTvistomo organizaciebi,

sakvirao saswavleblebi (sazafxulo da sajaro skolebi, enis

Semswavleli kursebi...), mediasaSualebebi, folkloruli ansamblebi,

nacionaluri samzareulo; garda saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriebze

arsebuli qarTuli taZrebisa, sazRvargareT arsebobs qarTvel

marTlmadidebelTa samrevloebi (ix. www.patriarchate.ge).

termini `diaspora~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa da niSnavs `gabnevas~

(leqsikoni 1973: 129), rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos iZulebiTi

gadasaxlebiT, genocidis safrTxiT, ekonomikuri da geografiuli

faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT...

Tavdapirvelad termin `diasporas~ iyenebdnen palestinis gareT

mcxovrebi ebraelebis mimarT. isini samSoblodan gandevnes: jer

babilonis mefe nabuqodonosor meorem (Zv. w. VI s.), Semdeg ki _

romaelebma ax. w. I-II ss-Si. mogvianebiT igi gavrcelda sxva eTnikuri (mag.:

somxebi, irlandielebi, Cinelebi) da religiuri (mag.: pirveli

qristianebi) erTobebis mimarTac.

Tanamedrove politikur mecnierebaSi cneba `diaspora~ aRniSnavs

eTnikuri umciresobis jgufs, romelic gadasaxlda, cxovrobs da

moRvaweobs mimReb qveyanaSi, amasTan, aqvs emociuri da materialuri

kavSirebi warmoSobis qveyanasTan.

"Национальную диаспору можно определить как устойчивую совокупность людей

единого этнического происхождения, живущую в иноэтническом окружении за пределами

своей исторической родины (или своего этноса) и имеющую социальные институты для

развития и функционирования" (Чаптыкова 1997: 5).

akademiur kvlevebs diasporis sakiTxze safuZveli Caeyara XX

saukunis meore naxevarSi da, ZiriTadad, exeboda im droisaTvis cnobil

2

istoriul movlenebs. maT ricxvs miekuTvneboda ebrauli diaspora:

israelis saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg misi teritoriis gareT darCenili

ebrauli mosaxleoba. afrikuli diaspora: afrikis kontinentidan

gayvanili monebis STamomavalni. irlandiuri diaspora: politikuri

Seviwroebisa Tu ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo irlandiidan milionobiT

devnili.

XX saukunis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli iyo eTnikur

devnilTa masobrivi talRebi omebis, ekonomikuri krizisebis, Sovinizmisa

da rasizmis pirobebSi. imave saukunis pirvel naxevarSi aseTi moZraobebi

iyo evropaSi, aziasa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi. devnilTa didma nawilma

amerikis kontinents Seafara Tavi, riTac saTave daudo Tanamedrove

diasporebis warmoqmnas. im xalxebs Soris, romelTac es procesi yvelaze

metad Seexo, aRsaniSnavia:

1. somxebi _ 1880-1910 wlebSi somxebiT dasaxlebul teritoriebze

osmaleTis imperiis mier gatarebuli genocidis politikis gamo;

2. ebraelebi da boSebi _ meore msoflio omis wlebSi maT

winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli genocidis politikis gamo;

3. ruseTis imperiis xalxebi _ ruseTis revoluciebisa da stalinis

epoqis masobrivi migraciis gamo;

4. germanelebi _ meore msoflio omis Semdeg yofili germaniis

imperiis ganapira regionebidan maTi gadasaxlebis gamo;

5. polonelebi _ meore msoflio omis Semdeg kerzonis xazis

farglebSi poloneTis saxelmwifos formirebis gamo;

6. samxreT-aRmosavleT azielebi _ meore msoflio omisa da vietnamis

omis Sedegad am regionidan gandevnili mosaxleoba;

7. palestinelebi _ 1948 wels arabul-ebrauli omis Sedegad

gandevnili mosaxleoba.

e. w. civi omis epoqaSi grZeldeboda xalxTa masobrivi migraciebi

konfliqtebis zonebidan, gansakuTrebiT, mesame samyarodan, romelic

3

moicavda afrikas, samxreT da centralur amerikas, axlo aRmosavleTsa

da samxreT azias.

komunisturi sistemis rRvevam da ssrk-is daSlam, rasac Tan mohyva

socialur-ekonomiuri pirobebis sagrZnobi gauareseba, gamoiwvia

migraciebis axali talRa, romelTa Soris qarTvelebic arian.

istoriis mixedviT, saqarTvelodan migraciis procesebi

ganpirobebuli iyo kulturuli, politikuri, socialuri da sxv.

mizezebiT.

e. w. kulturuli emigracia dakavSirebuli iyo qarTveli xalxis

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da religiur moRvaweobasTan qveynis

farglebs gareT: palestinaSi, siriaSi, saberZneTSi, bulgareTSi da

sxvagan. am emigraciis Sedegad aRmocenda qarTuli kulturis uZvelesi

kerebi sazRvargareT.

politikuri emigracia dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTvelos, rogorc

saxelmwifos, tragediasTan da igi ramdenime talRas moicavs:

pirveli mravalricxovani emigracia, rodesac saqarTvelo

inteleqtualurad TiTqmis daicala, iyo vaxtang VI-is dros, 1724 wels.

vaxtang VI 1000-kaciani amaliT wavida samSoblodan (maT Soris iyvnen:

sulxan-saba orbeliani, vaxuSti batoniSvili da mravali sxv.) da arc

erTi maTgani ukan ar dabrunebula.

meore emigracia 1801 wels ukavSirdeba, rodesac qarTl-kaxeTis

samefo gaauqma aleqsandre pirvelma da gasca brZaneba, rom bagrationTa

samefo ojaxis arc erTi wevri ar darCeniliyo saqarTveloSi, raTa

monarqiis aRdgena SeuZlebeli yofiliyo. amitom aleqsandre

batoniSvili sparseTSi gadaixvewa da iqve gardaicvala. sparseTSive

gadaixvewa Teimuraz bagrationic, magram Semdeg igi iZulebuli gaxda,

rusebs Cabareboda, ris Semdegac peterburgSi gadaasaxles. cnobilia,

rom solomon II 1811 wels trapizonSi gadaixvewa da iqve gardaicvala da

sxv.

4

mesame didi politikuri emigracia 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi

ganxorcielda. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba baTumSi Cavida da

iqedan gasulma gemma gaiyvana rogorc politikosebi, aseve mecnierebi,

mwerlebi da sxv. devnilma politikosebma ZiriTadad safrangeTs

(nawilobriv ingliss) Seafares Tavi, generalitetma da samxedro pirebma

_ poloneTs.

meoTxe politikuri emigracia 1991-1992 wlebSi ganviTarebuli

movlenebis Sedegad kanonieri xelisuflebis samxedro gadatrialebis

gziT damxobam gamoiwvia. amgvarad aRmoCndnen saqarTvelos pirveli

prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi: ruseTSi (maT Soris, CeCneTSi), ukrainaSi, fineTSi,

germaniaSi, poloneTSi, safrangeTSi, holandiaSi, aSS-Si. maTma

mniSvnelovanma nawilma am qveynebSi politikuri TavSesafari miiRo.

ukanasknel aTwleulSi ganxorcielebul emigracias ufro metad

socialuri xasiaTi hqonda, risi mizezic gaxda saqarTveloSi

politikuri krizisi, eTnokonfliqtebTan da gardamaval etapTan

dakavSirebuli socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi. oficialuri

statistikis Tanaxmad, ssrk-is daSlis win qarTvelTa 97% Tavis

samSobloSi cxovrobda da, amdenad, msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze

„konsolidirebul“ erad iTvleboda. XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi

emigraciuli dineba saqarTvelodan yvelaze Zlieri iyo. mwerali da

publicisti jemal qarCxaZe aRniSnuli procesis Sesaxeb werda:

`emigracia rom sul ufro masobriv xasiaTs iRebs, es upatrono qveynis

tragediaa da am tragediaSi yvelaze nakleb is aris damnaSave, vinc

emigraciaSi midis~ (qarCxaZe 2005: 159). sxvadasxva monacemiT, am periodSi

qveynidan gavida naxevari milionidan milionamde Cveni Tanamemamule

(http://ka.wikipedia.org/) da, unda iTqvas, rom globalizaciis fonze es

procesi Seuqcevadia.

sabWoTa sistemis ngrevis Sedegad e. w. N`nacionaluri diaspora~

Tavdapirvelad postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebSi gaCnda: "Объединенные ранее

5

единым институтом советского гражданства в настоящее время диаспоры самими

реалиями суверенного развития независимых стран поставлены перед необходимостью

найти собственную нишу в социокультурной среде принявшего государства, осознать

себя меньшинством по сравнению с коренным этносом, пройти нелегкие стадии

социальной эмансипации для того, чтобы противостоять ассимиляции и сохранить связи с

исторической родиной и приверженность национальной самобытности.

Одновременно национальная диаспора становится естественным мостом в

строительстве международных отношений нового уровня, поскольку именно она

выступает важнейшим объектом и активно действующим субъектом контактов стран -

родителей и их культур" (Чаптыкова 1997: 21).

dReisaTvis msoflios mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs qarTuli diaspora.

ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis didi nawili aqtiurad aris CarTuli

mimRebi qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi, amave dros,

iRvwis qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebisaTvis.

aRsaniSnavia e. w. istoriuli diasporebi: azerbaijanis respublikaSi

_ ingiloebi; iranis islamur respublikaSi _ fereidnelebi; TurqeTis

respublikaSi _ gurjebi, lazebi, qarTveli muhajirebis STamomavlebi.

aRniSnuli eTnikuri jgufebi ZiriTadad sakuTar istoriul

teritoriaze cxovroben (garda fereidnelebisa), swored amitom

vuwodebT maT istoriul diasporas da ara _ emigrants (anu pirs,

`romelic tovebs Tavisi moqalaqeobis an mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis

qveyanas da sacxovreblad miemgzavreba sxva saxelmwifoSi~ _ leqsikoni

1973: 178)

gaeros 1948 wlis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (27-e

muxli) da 1966 wlis saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikur

uflebaTa Sesaxeb (me-12 muxli, me-2 punqti) aRiarebs ,,yoveli adamianis

uflebas, datovos nebismieri qveyana, maT Soris, sakuTaric“. es ufleba

kanonis safuZvelze SeiZleba SeizRudos imisaTvis, rom dacul iqnes

saxelmwifo saidumloeba da usafrTxoeba, sazogadoebrivi wesrigi,

mosaxleobis janmrTeloba da zneoba an sxva uflebebi da

Tavisuflebebi.

6

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia SevexoT `tolerantobis~ sakiTxsac,

ramdenadac ucxo garemoSi Tavad socio-kulturuli Tvisobriobis

matarebeli sazRvargareT myofi adamiani sakmarisi safuZvelia imisaTvis,

rom arsebobdes `konfliqti~ _ (laT. tolerantia _ moTmena, Sewynareba, atana,

daSveba). xSir SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli terminis qarTuli Sesatyvisebi

adamianis an sociumis romelime uaryofiT gamovlenasa da mxares exeba,

romelsac iTmenen aucileblobis gamo, iwyaleben, patioben an nebas

rTaven: "Способность живого организма воспринимать, положительно реагируя, какой-

либо препарат. И потому нередко в толкованиях феномена эамечается недопустимое

сблжение его смысла с понятием плюрализма. Между тем плюрализм в сфере политики

представляет собой только лишь фундамент толерантного мышления" (Корконосенко

2004: 132-133).

,,tolerantobis principebis deklaraciiT~ (romelsac 1995 wlis 16

noembers parizSi iuneskos wevri 185 saxelmwifos mier moewera xeli) _

tolerantoba niSnavs: `Cveni samyaros mdidari kulturuli

mravaferovnebis, TviTgamoxatvis formebisa da adamianuri

individualobis gamovlenis SesaZleblobebis pativiscemas, miRebasa da

marTebul gagebas. mas esaWiroeba codna, Riaoba, urTierToba, azris,

sindisisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba. tolerantoba _ esaa Tavisufleba

mravalferovnebaSi. igi ara mxolod moraluri movaleobaa, aramed

politikuri da samarTlebrivi moTxovnac. tolerantoba _ SesaZlebels

xdis mSvidobas da SeuZlia Secvalos omis kultura mSvidobis

kulturiT~. qarTveli filosofosi merab mamardaSvili Tavis erT-erT

gamosvlaSi saubrobs vnebaTa donis Taobaze, romelic, misi TqmiT,

istoriul simboloTa donea. igi am doneze ganixilavs sityva `afxazeTs~,

romelic `saqarTvelos~ sinonimia: `es aris sinonimi, vimeoreb, im

simbolikis farglebSi, romelSic ers axsovs Tavisi warmoSoba, axsovs

pirobebi, roca iqmneboda saxelmwifoebrioba da roca, mTeli rigi

istoriuli mizezebis gamo, is, vinc Tavis Tavs afxazs uwodebda,

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis Senebis erT-erTi monawile iyo. amasTan,

7

qarTulenovani monawile... amitomac, uTxra qarTvels, rom afxazeTs

SeuZlia gavides saqarTvelodan (me ganvmartav vnebis struqturas da ara

realobas) _ es daaxloebiT igivea, rom uTxra: saqarTvelo gavides

Tavisi Tavidan. an vityvi kidev ufro mkveTrad: es igivea, rom xars

cxvirwin ufrialebde wiTel naWers, mere ki gikvirdes, rom xari aseTi

arademokratiulia~ (mamardaSvili 2007: 24). migvaCnia, rom am konteqstiT

saubari zogadad diasporis adgilsamyofel qveynebSi dominant

mosaxleobasTan adaptaciis procesis Sesaxebac SeiZleba.

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonSi termini „konfliqti“ ganmartebulia

rogorc „mopirdapire ZalTa, sawinaaRmdego interesTa, SexedulebaTa

Sexla-Semoxla, seriozuli uTanxmoeba, ganxeTqileba. saerTaSoriso

urTierTobaTa gamwvaveba, rasac zogjer mosdevs SeiaraRebuli Setakeba“

(leqsikoni 1973: 254).

sazogadoeba erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da erTmaneTze

damokidebuli nawilebisagan Sedgeba. is, rac funqciuria sistemis erTi

nawilisaTvis, disfunqciuria meorisaTvis da piriqiT. zogadad, eTnikuri

jgufis ucxo garemoSi sruli integracia, _ an Tundac asimilacia, _

marcxiT sruldeba, radgan individualizmisa da TviTmyofadobis

SenarCunebisaTvis aucilebeli piroba aris winaaRmdegoba, Sesabamisad,

„konfliqts“ mxolod uaryofiTi datvirTva ar aqvs, aramed jgufis

Semkvrelis funqciac akisria.

`diaspora~ TavisdaTavad ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamulis

fsiqologiur tips gulisxmobs. ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi

Tanamemamuleebisagan samSoblos dakargva/samSoblodan Sors yofna

meobisa da adamianobis dakargvad aRiqmeba; e. w. hibriduli identobebi,

transnacionalizmi, liminaruli (sasazRvro) kultura sociologiur

faqtorad ukve iqca (asociacia 2009: 22). diaspora, masTan dakavSirebuli

markerebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ZiriTadad adamianTa kulturul identobas

aRwevs.

8

`identoba~ laTinuri warmoSobis terminia da niSnavs igiveobas

(leqsikoni 1973: 187). qarTvel filosofoss, merab mamardaSvils, miaCnda,

rom `adamiani iwyeba Rirsebidan da mas mxolod sakuTari Rirsebis

gavliT SeuZlia WeSmaritad gaacnobieros Tavi ama Tu im eris Svilad!

qarTveloba ar aris biologiuri mocemuloba – es aris neba, iyo

qarTveli, neba ki rainduli Rirsebis fenomenia da me Tu ara maqvs is,

ramdenic ar unda inebos erma Tu berma, me verc kaci viqnebi da verc

qarTveli!~ (mamardaSvili 1998: ).

samSoblo, imavdroulad, dReisaTvis identobis CamoyalibebaSi

garkveulwilad warmoadgens politikur-samarTlebriv faqtorsac.

samSoblo aris sivrce, romlis farglebSic moqmedebs arsebuli

saxelmwifos suvereniteti: konstitucia da sxvadasxva tipis

sakanonmdeblo aqtebi, romlebic saerTo da savaldebuloa yvela im

adamianisTvis, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea. Sesabamisad, maT

uCndebaT garkveuli gansakuTrebuli grZnoba da valdebuleba, romlebic

mxolod konkretul sivrceSi aris gavrcelebuli. am kuTxiT sainteresoa

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika, romelic samarTlebrivad aerTianebs

msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mcxovreb sakuTar moqalaqeebs da maT

saxelmwifosTan identifikaciis saSualebas aZlevs (ormagi

moqalaqeobisa da ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis statusis

gansazRvris sakiTxi), enobrivi TvalsazrisiT gaerTianeba (sakvirao

skolebis funqcionirebisa da erTiani erovnuli saswavlo programis

Tema), religiuri faqtori (samrevloebi), ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT

(sazRvargareT moRvawe Tanamemamule biznesmenebi adgilsamyofel

qveynebSi saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palatis sapatio

warmomadgenlebi arian) da sxv.

entoni duglas smiTi 2007 wels gamocemul naSromSi `nacionaluri

identoba~ ganixilavs, Tu ras warmoadgens mTlianobaSi es sakiTxi da

asaxelebs Semdeg komponentebs: istoriuli teritoria anu samSoblo;

saerTo miTebi da istoriuli mexsiereba; saerTo sazogadoebrivi

9

maskultura; yvela wevrisaTvis saerTo samarTlebrivi

uflebamovaleobani; saerTo ekonomika mis wevrTaTvis teritoriuli

mobilurobis uzrunvelyofiT. ukanaskneli ori elementi mniSvnelovania

nacionaluri identobis, ufro zustad, samoqalaqo/dasavluri identobis

CamoyalibebaSi. smiTi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs dasavlur da

aRmosavlur nacionalur identobebs; dasavlur da aRmosavlur

nacionalzms gamohyofs, rogorc samoqalaqosa da eTnikurs (smiTi 2007:

15). aRniSnuli kvlevis mixedviT, qarTuli nacionaluri identoba

aRmosavluri nacionalizmis maxasiaTlebs Seicavs, Tumca, saxelmwifos

mxridan SeiniSneba dasavluri/samoqalaqo tendenciebis gaRvivebis

mcdeloba.

diaspora sakuTar TavSi gulisxmobs patriotizms, Tumca aqve unda

aRvniSnoT, rom sazogadoebis Sexeduleba diasporis warmomadgenelTa

`mtkice patriotizmis~ Taobaze araerTgvarovania. erTni miiCneven, rom

zogadad diasporis warmomadgeneli sazogadoebis gaorebuli, aramyari,

arasando, arasaimedo nawilia saxelmwifoebrivi poziciisaTvis

(igulisxmeba rogorc warmoSobis, ise mimRebi qveyana). ilia WavWavaZis

SexedulebiT, `Tu adamians Tavisi vinaoba ararad miaCnia, maSin im

adamianSi adamianuri raRaa? dro gamoicvleba, dro mova, roca Tavisis

vinaobidan gadamdgari kaci yvelasagan Serisxuli iqneba, rogorc

uRirsi, TiTon imaTganac ki, vinc axla sixaruliT amisTana kacs

Seikedlebs xolme da uloloebs. dro mova, roca yvelasaTvis cxadi

iqneba, rogorc orjer-ori, rom Tu kaci Tavisas gaudga, sxvisas ver

uerTgulebs. es WeSmariteba dRes cotam icis da xvale bevrs ecodineba,

da maSin vai Tavis vinaobazed gulacruebuls, gulgrils da

xelaRebuls!~ (WavWavaZe 1991:  amonaridi  1882 wlis martis `Sinauri

mimoxilvidan~).

sazogadoebis dinamikuri ganviTareba pasuxismgeblobasac

gulisxmobs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebis Rirebulebebi zewolas ver

uZlebs da adamiani marginalizaciis safrTxis winaSe dgas. swored am

10

dros sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania eTnikuri identifikacia rogorc

individualizmis SenarCunebis saSualeba. ucxo garemoSi myofi

adamianisaTvis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi „maSveli rgolis“

funqcias e. w. eTno-saidentifikacio atributebi _ saTvistomo, religia,

folkloruli jgufebi, sakvirao skolebi, mediasaSualebebi,

nacionaluri samzareulo _ asrulebs. aseTis ararsebobis pirobebSi

gvxvdeba monaTesave eTnosaidentifikacio atributebiT sargeblobis

SemTxvevebic (regionaluri asocireba; mag., qarTveli _ kavkasia).

ucxo garemoSi myof migrants sakuTar eTnikur jgufSi Tavis

damkvidrebis Semdeg sxva erovnul umciresobebTan urTierTobis survili

uCndeba. Semdgom etapze adamianis nacionaluri imuniteti gaZlierebulia

da dominant eTnosTan kavSirsac ar ufrTxis. zog SemTxvevaSi

adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifo eTnikur umciresobebTan erTad

integraciis procesSia (mag., estoneTi postsabWoTa qveyana iyo, xolo

amJamad evrokavSiris wevria _ evrointegraciis procesi). sakuTari

identobis dadgenisas zogierTi adamiani individualuri Tavisuflebis

ideiT gamoirCeva da Sereuli ojaxis sakiTxsac dadebiTad afasebs.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi adamianis nacionaluri TviTaRiareba

safuZvelia Tavisi eTnikuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb msjelobisa e. w. Free

Choice. adamianis cnobiereba nacionaluri mikuTvnilobisaTvis

ganmsazRvreli xdeba.

demokratiuli qveynebi adamianis nacionaluri TviTgamorkvevis

uflebas aRiareben da eTnikur umciresobebs socialur uflebebs

aniWeben, rac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis sawindaria. aq

eTnikuri TviTidentifikaciis sakiTxebis regulacias adamianis uflebaTa

sayovelTao deklaraciiT gansazRvruli wesebiT aRweven.

(TviTregulaciis SemTxvevebi evropis qveynebSic gvxvdeba: mag., estoneTis

respublikis mosaxleobis 28% erovnebiT rusia. aRniSnuli erovnuli

umciresoba saxelmwifoSi nacionalur aqtivobebs avlens da erTgvar

11

safrTxes qmnis, Sesabamisad, estoneTSi kanoniT mxolod finelebisa da

Svedebis kulturul avtonomias aRiareben).

samoqalaqo integraciis politika gulisxmobs iseTi garemos Seqmnas,

romelSic eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad da Tavisuflad

monawileoben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, saxelmwifos marTvaSi,

materialuri da kulturuli faseulobebis SeqmnaSi; romelSic eTnikuri

jgufis warmomadgeneli aris sazogadoebis srulfasovani wevri,

daculia misi erovnuli identobis, TviTgamorkvevis ufleba. aRniSnulis

sawinaaRmdego qmedeba iwvevs nacionalisturi, qsenofobiuri,

Sovinisturi garemos Seqmnas da aferxebs sazogadoebis ganviTarebas.

monoeTnikuri qveynebis damokidebuleba nacionaluri jgufebis

mimarT asimilaciur xasiaTs atarebs, rac xSirad istoriis

mizanmimarTul gayalbebasac gulisxmobs. mag., zogierTi azerbaijaneli

mecnieri cdilobs, sakuTar teritoriaze mcxovreb eTnikur qarTvelebsa

da iq arsebul qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebs albanuri warmomavloba

mouZebnos; iranisa da TurqeTis SemTxveva, rodesac saxelmwifo

politika zRudavs eTnikuri identobis kvlevas da aRiarebs mxolod

religiur identifikacias.

demokratiul da arademokratiul qveynebSi gansxvavebulia

nacionaluri identobis sakiTxisadmi midgoma:

demokratiuli qveynebi aRiareben adamianis nacionaluri

TviTgamorkvevis uflebas, cdiloben eTnikuri identifikaciis e. w.

`atributebis~ (saTvistomo, eklesia, folkloruli jgufebi, sakvirao

skolebi, mediasaSualebebi, nacionaluri samzareulo) gamoyenebiT,

sakuTar qveyanaSi mcxovreb diasporebs SeunarCunon TviTmyofadoba da

sazogadoebaSi maTi integracia moaxdinon. saxelmwifo zrunavs,

eTnikur umciresobebs mianiWos socialuri uflebebi, rac,

upirvelesad, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas ukavSirdeba.

adamiani sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad rom Camoyalibdes, daculi

unda iyos misi erovnuli identobis, TviTgamorkvevis ufleba,

12

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, vimeorebT, yalibdeba nacionalisturi,

qsenofobiuri, Sovinisturi garemo, romelic sazogadoebis

ganviTarebas aferxebs.

samwuxarod, monoeTnikuri mimarTulebis mqone, arademokratiuli

qveynebi aqcents kvlavac asimilaciaze akeTeben.

eTnikuri identobis Sesaxeb saubrisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT

„marginaluri“ adamiani, romlis faseulobebi da qcevis wesebi ar

Tavsdeba romelime sivrceSi da sxvadasxva kulturas Soris gardamaval

safexurs warmoadgens.

istoriuli diasporis istoriul da oficialur samSoblosTan

gaucxoeba rTul, xelovnuri TviTidentifikaciis formebs iZens. mag., 1989

wlis mosaxleobis saerTo-sakavSiro aRwerisas azerbaijanSi, belaqansa

da zaqaTalas raionebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis 95% eTnikur jguf

„ingilod“ Caewera. TurqeTSi lazebi Tavs individualur eTnikur

jgufad miiCneven...

azerbaijansa da TurqeTis respublikaSi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi,

ZiriTadad, sasazRvro zolSi kompaqturad mosaxleoben anu

warmomavlobis qveynis, Tanamemamule eTnosis uSualo mezoblebi arian.

sakuTar istoriul teritoriaze cxovroben, mikroregionis avtoxtonur

mosaxleobas warmoadgenen da aq dominirebulni arian. isini saxelmwifos

saerTo mosaxleobis arcTu umniSvnelo nawils warmoadgenen,

SenarCunebuli aqvT tradiciebi, kultura, ena, TviTSegneba, TviTwodeba

(qarTveli) da sxvaTawodeba (ingilo). zog SemTxvevaSi regionis

mmarTveloba eTnikurobiT ganisazRvreba. swored am niSnebiT Cveni

Tanamemamuleebi iredentistul/inoeTnikur sazogadoebas warmoadgenen,

rac sakuTar TavSi iredentistuli xasiaTis konfliqts gulisxmobs

(iredentistuli konfliqti _ eTnikurad monaTesave mosaxleobisa da

sasazRvro teritoriis gaerTianebis survili. mag., samaCablos

konfliqti). amgvari konfliqtis gaRvivebis nebismier gamovlinebas

saxelmwifoebi gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT ekidebian. adgilsamyofeli

13

saxelmwifoebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, istoriuli diasporis xelovnur

migraciul procesebs _ qveynis SigniT Tu istoriul samSobloSi _ xels

uwyoben. bunebrivia, muslimur qveynebSi religiur faqtors

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs.

saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, rogorc istoriul, ise

oficialur samSobloSi istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenlebi

gaorebul, gaucxoebul, arasando elementebad miiCnevian.

fereidneli qarTvelebi iranis islamur respublikaSi eTno-

kulturul jgufs warmoadgenen. maTi kavSiri saqarTvelosTan istoriul

maxsovrobasa da mSobliur enazea dafuZnebuli.

samSoblosTan mimarTebaSi istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenelTa

fsiqikuri struqtura msgavsia, rac gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebiT,

mZafri nostalgiiT, adgilsamyofel qveynebSi dominant eTnosTan

fsiqologiuri winaaRmdegobiT, izolaciiT (mag., eTnikur jgufSi Sida

qorwineba) xasiaTdeba.

aRniSnuli diasporebi eTnosSorisi urTierTobis Camoyalibebis

istoriis nawilad rCeba. maTi aqtivoba erovnul-kulturul moZraobebs

ar scildeba. es nacionaluri jgufebi mezobel qveynebs Soris

dambalansebel, saxalxo diplomatiis wyaros warmoadgenen.

dRes migraciuli procesebis dinamikuroba bi-kulturis matarebel

individs ukve aRar gulisxmobs; esaa sam, oTx kulturas naziarevi

adamiani multikulturuli cnobierebiT. evropasa da aSS-Si migraciaSi

myofi adamianisaTvis individualuri Tavisuflebis idea araxalia.

mecnierebi varaudoben, rom saukunis SuaxanebSi did evropul qveynebSi

warmoSobiT ucxouri mosaxleoba iqneba mTeli mosaxleobis 20-32%.

gansakuTrebiT sagangaSod aRiqmeba Sereuli ojaxebis sakiTxi. „2050

wlisTvis holandielTa 29%-is, sul mcire, erTi mSobeli ucxoeTSi

iqneba dabadebuli. zogi maTgani evropuli qveynebidan iqneba mosuli,

magram umravlesoba, daaxloebiT 2,8 milioni anu holandiis

mosaxleobis 17%, warmoSobiT aradasavleli iqneba“, _ wers frangi

14

mkvlevari, bernard liuisi. Sereuli ojaxebis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT

mcire erebis demografiuli mdgomareobisTvisaa saxifaTo.

saqarTvelodan evropasa da aSS-Si migraciis axali talRa gasuli

saukunis 90-ian wlebs ukavSirdeba. sabWoTa sistemis ngrevam da,

Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi Seqmnilma ekonomikurma, politikurma krizisma

mosaxleobis umravlesoba SromiT migrantad aqcia; saqarTvelodan

gavida e. w. inteleqtualuri resursi. bunebrivia, migraciis procesi

rTuli iyo...

mkvlevrebi individis ucxo garemoSi damkvidrebis rTul process

„identifikaciis krizisad“ moixsenieben. esaa fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba

_ SiSi sakuTari Tavis Semecnebis SesaZleblobis dakargvis, axal

garemoebasTan Seguebis, axali moTxovnebisaTvis fexis awyobis, Zveli

Sexedulebebis cvlilebis gamo. adamianis SemecnebaSi msoflios suraTi

maqsimalurad transformirdeba. TandaTan SeuZlebeli xdeba, icxovros

sazogadoebaSi da iyos sazogadoebisagan Tavisufali. sulierad

gadarCenisTvis mTavaria, adamianma SeZlos adaptacia da Semdeg

integracia. integrirebul adamians fsiqologebi xSirad Homo Perfectus-

adac moixsenieben. adaptacia individualizmis SenarCunebasac

gulisxmobs. am dros sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania sulieri kavSirebis

gaRrmaveba warmoSobis qveyanasTan, rasac zemoxsenebuli eTno-

saidentifikacio atributebi axorcielebs.

migraciuli procesebis kvlevisas ikveTeba ramdenime tipis

fsiqologiuri problema, romelsac adamiani ucxoobaSi ganicdis:

• migracia, rogorc negatiuri cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba.

emigraciis procesis ganmapirobebeli mizezebi, samSoblos datovebis

procesi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, negatiur gamocdilebad yalibdeba.

• Sexvedra axal kulturasTan.

gansxvavebuli kultura migrants aiZulebs, cxovrebis axali wesiT

icxovros, miiRos sxva socialuri normebi, wesebi da qcevis

regulaciebi. am process socio-kulturul adaptacias uwodeben. icvleba

15

yvelaferi: buneba, klimati, tansacmeli, sakvebi, socialuri, ekonomikuri,

fsiqologiuri urTierTobebi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania enis,

wesebis, tradiciebis, ritualebis, normebisa da Rirebulebebis

cvlileba.

• hipoTeza kulturuli Sokis Sesaxeb.

amerikeli anTropologi k. obergi emigrantebis ucxo qveyanaSi axali

kulturis gacnobis process „kulturul Soks“ uwodebs, radgan

nebismieri adamianisTvis axali kulturis nawilad yofna pirovnebis

dezorganizaciis mizezs warmoadgens.

• „akulturaciis“ stresi.

klinikuri TvalsazrisiT, Rirebulebebisa da normebis dakargva

depresiis formad ganixileba, romelsac depresiuli, paranoiduli da

sxva sagangaSo movlena sdevs Tan.

• migracia, rogorc izolaciis gancda.

am SemTxvevaSi migrantis ganwyobebi da mdgomareoba metwilad

damokidebulia im qveynis xalxze, migraciul politikaze, romelSic

adamiani aris emigrirebuli.

garkveuli drois Semdeg ucxo garemoSi myofi adamianis e. w.

samSoblosTan mijaWvulobis sistemis rRveva iwyeba da yalibdeba e. w.

travmuli mijaWvuloba socialuri sinamdvilis subieqtTan. warmoSobis

qveyanasTan, TanamemamuleebTan gaucxoebuli adamiani sakuTar Tavs

xSirad kosmopolits _ „msoflios moqalaqes“ _ uwodebs.

rodesac diasporuli cnobierebis fsiqologiur aspeqtebze

vsaubrobT, mxedvelobaSi unda gvqondes sakiTxis individualuri gancda,

pirovnebis Camoyalibebis sxva faqtorebi, ganaTleba, socio-kulturuli

warmomavloba, rac safuZvlad edeba emigrantuli cxovrebis aRqmas,

samSoblosTan Sors myofobis gancdas (gansakuTrebuli ganxilvis

sagania iZulebiTi migracia, politikuri devniloba, migracia saomari

moqmedebebis mxare qveyanaSi; aseve, samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdgomi

16

dezorganizeba _ sakuTari niSis dakargvis problema, ucxoobaSi

dabadebuli bavSvebis fsiqologia da sxv.).

dRes diasporis Tema saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikis

ganuyofeli nawilia. 2007 wels 27 maisi qarTuli diasporis dRed

gamocxadda. diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris

aparati 2008 wlis 8 Tebervals Seiqmna. unda iTqvas, rom manamde

aRniSnul mimarTulebas iTavsebda ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis,

ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleTa saministro. aRmasrulebeli

xelisuflebis gverdiT saqarTvelos meSvide mowvevis parlamentSi

Seiqmna ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan urTierTobis komiteti

(amJamad _ diasporisa da kavkasiis sakiTxTa komiteti), rac kidev erTxel

adasturebs qarTuli saxelmwifos prioritetTa Soris diasporebTan

urTierTobis mowesrigebisa da gaZlierebis strategias.

saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi politikosebi diasporis

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iTvaliswineben. isini diasporas

ganixilaven rogorc diplomatiuri balansis saSualebas. aRsaniSnavia,

rom Seswavlil qveynebTan TanamSromlobaSi qarTuli diaspora

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs.

sadoqtoro naSromSi azerbaijanis, TurqeTis, iranisa da estoneTis

qarTvelebis problemebi Seswavlilia maT mier 1977-2010 wlebSi

gamocemuli periodikisa da nacionaluri mediis safuZvelze.

naSromis geografiuli areali azerbaijans, TurqeTs, iransa da

estoneTs moicavs, paralelisTvis ki, inglisisa da germaniis

qarTvelebis perioduli gamocemebic SeviswavleT. gansaxilveli

periodisTvis aTvlis wertilad istoriuli diasporis _ TurqeTis

qarTvelebis pirveli Jurnalis, `Cveneburis~, gamosvlis TariRi 1977 weli

SevarCieT da 2010 wlamde diasporis mediaaqtivobebi, maT Sesaxeb

momzadebuli publikaciebi ganvixileT. kvleva aRniSnul geografiul

arealsa da periodSi Tanamemamuleebis aqtivobebis, problemebis

sistemuri saxiT Seswavlis pirvel cdas warmoadgens.

17

aRsaniSnavia, rom sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas enobrivi

barieri gamoikveTa. konkretulad, TurqeTis qarTvelebis mier

gamocemuli perioduli organoebi an Turqulenovania, an orenovani _

Turqul-qarTuli. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia aRmosavleTis

qveynebis specifika, romelic TavisTavad arTulebs iq zogadad

ucxoenovani, miT umetes, eTnikuri interesebis gamRvivebeli gamocemebis

arsebobas.

naSromSi Tanamemamuleebis mier gamocemuli perioduli organoebis

paralelurad ganxilulia qarTul beWdviT mediaSi gamoqveynebuli

publikaciebi, romlebic zemoaRniSnul qveynebSi mcxovrebi Cveni

Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebas exeba.

sadisertacio naSromSi sakvlevi qveynebi Seswavlilia

geopolitikur WrilSi, warmodgenilia Tanamemamuleebis problemebi da,

SesaZleblobis farglebSi, am problemebis mogvarebis gzebic isaxeba.

Seswavlilia Semdegi perioduli gamocemebi:

azerbaijani: gazeTi `moambe~, adgilobrivi orenovani gazeTi

`Selale~, `gzajvaredini~, `kaxi~, `sarkmeli~; paralelisaTvis

Seswavlilia gazeTebi: `saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~, `Cveni

mwerloba~, `Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~ da Jurnali `omega~ (2002-

2003); gazeTi `iavnana~, `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~; eleqtronuli

mediasaSualebebi: http://saingilo.ucoz.com/; http://www.infohereti.ge/ .

TurqeTi: Jurnalebi: `Cveneburi~, `firosmani~, `mamuli~, `ogni/ sqani

nena~ (lazuri); gavecaniT eleqtronul media saSualebebs; paralelisa-

Tvis: gazeTi `kviris palitra~, gazeTi `xidi~ da Jurnali `axali xidi~.

irani: `iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli

Jurnali~, qarTuli radio iranis islamur respublikaSi; paralelisTvis:

saqarTvelo-iranis samecniero kulturul urTierTobaTa TanamSrom-

lobis sazogadoebis mier gamocemuli gazeTi `megobrobis macne~, `kviris

palitra~; informaciis saxiT: saqarTvelos Sesaxeb an fereidneli

18

qarTvelebis mier iranis islamur respublikaSi gamoqveynebuli

literatura; gavecaniT eleqtronul mediasaSualebebs - www.fereidani.ge;

estoneTi _ Jurnali `mamuli~, www.etnoweb.ee da www.lyra.ee.

inglisi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~.

germania _ gazeTi `axali iveria~.

yuradReba mivaqcieT radiomauwyeblobasa da internet-gverdebsac.

kvlevis meTodebze saubrisas unda aRvniSnoT, rom naSroms

safuZvlad udevs sakvlev qveynebSi mcxovreb qarTul diasporebTan

mravalwliani muSaoba; Tanamemamuleebis problemebze vmuSaobdi rogorc

praqtikosi Jurnalisti, saxelmwifo moxele, mkvlevari.

ra miznebs emsaxureba sadisertacio naSromi?

• daainteresos saxelmwifo struqturebi saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobis doneze kvlevis Sedegad qarTul diasporebSi

gamovlenili problematikis mogvarebiT;

• naSromSi Seswavlili Tanamemamuleebis problemebis warmodgena

erTgvari prevenciaa saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi eTnikuri

uTanxmoebebis Tavidan asarideblad (gansakuTrebiT mezobel

saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobisas);

• gaaaqtiuros saqarTvelos saxelmwifos damokidebuleba qarTuli

diasporuli mediis, rogorc `meoTxe xelisuflebis~ nawilis,

ganviTarebis mimarT;

• moupovos TanamemamuleTa mediaaqtivobebs saxelmwifosgan

mxardaWera;

• aqcios erT-erT mniSnelovan sakiTxad qarTuli nacionaluri

mediisaTvis Tanamemamuleebis, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis

nawilis, Tema;

• xeli Seuwyos umaRles saswavleblebSi qarTuli diasporuli

Jurnalistikis, rogorc qarTuli Jurnalistikis nawilis, saswavlo

sagnad Setanas.

19

Jurnalistikis istoriis mkvlevrebisaTvis ucxo ar aris diasporis

perioduli gamocemebis Seswavlis tradicia.

ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi moqceuli saqarTvelos gamoxsnisa

da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kidev ufro gaZlierebisaTvis

sazRvargareT, kerZod, dasavleT evropaSi (parizi, Jeneva, berlini)

qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebi gamoicemoda. ase Seiqmna da Camoyalibda e. w.

`revoluciamdeli~ (1873-1918) qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistika (gazeTi

`droSa~, redaqtori _ n. nikolaZe, parizi (1873-1874); gazeTi `saqarTvelo~,

redaqtorebi: a. jorjaZe, g. lasxiSvili, T. saxokia. gamomcemeli _ g.

dekanoziSvili; (1903-1905; gamodioda franguladac `La Georgia~); Jurnali

`Tavisufali saqarTvelo~ (1913-1914) Jeneva; `qarTuli gazeTi~ (1916-1918),

redaqtorebi:l. kereseliZe, g. kereseliZe. berlini).

1921 wlis Teberval-martSi bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

okupaciis Sedegad damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli mTavroba da

qarTuli politikuri partiebi (social-demokratebi, socialist-

federalistebi, erovnul-demokratebi) iZulebulni gaxdnen, emigraciaSi

wasuliyvnen, sadac gaagrZeles aqtiuri politikuri moRvaweoba

dakarguli damoukideblobis aRsadgenad. Sesabamisad, arseboba ar

Seuwyvetia qarTul emigrantul Jurnalistikasac, romelic saqarTveloSi

gamefebuli samocdaaTwliani komunisturi diqtaturis gamo sruliad

ucnobi iyo qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis (SaraZe 2001: 103). aRniSnuli

mimarTulebis saxelmZRvanelo gamocemad SeiZleba CaiTvalos guram

SaraZis „qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistikis istoria~ (mravaltomeuli)

da sxv.; Tumca istoriuli diasporis mier momzadebuli perioduli

gamocemebi Seswavlili dRemde ar yofila. Cveni Sroma warmoadgens am

sferoSi arsebuli sicarielis Sevsebis cdas. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom

istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad TanamSromlobdnen

saqarTveloSi gamomaval gazeTebTan, aseve xSirad ibeWdeboda

publikaciebi, romlebic exeboda Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebas

(`iveria~, `droeba~ da sxv.).

20

sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelebSi, eTnikuri identifikaciis

TvalsazrisiT, mediaaqtivobebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.

diasporuli mediaaqtivobebi dinamikurobiT xasiaTdeba _ bolo wlebSi

perioduli gamocemebis nawili saqarTvelos saxelmwifosagan

mxardaWeris molodinSi daixura (mag.: 2008 weli _ gazeTi `axali iveria~,

germania, redaqtori jimSer bedianaSvili; 2010 wlamde iarseba Jurnalma

`Tanamemamulem~, inglisi, redaqtori zaza mesxi; 2010 weli - Jurnali

`firosmani~, TurqeTi, redaqtori fahreTin CiloRlu (farna-beqa

CilaSvili). rasakvirvelia, qarTuli diasporis ZalisxmeviT amJamad

msoflios mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs perioduli gamocemebi: gazeTi

„elada“, saberZneTi, redaqtori ana yurSaviSvili; gazeTi „iveria“,

somxeTi, redaqtori naira WoveliZe; gazeTi `mamuli~, aSS, redaqtor-

gamomcemeli manuCar kaWaxiZe; Jurnali „qarTuli~, germania, mTavari

redaqtori nino xabelaSvili; Jurnali „saqarTvelo~, ukraina, beso

Samugia; „qarTuli gazeTi“, saberZneTi, nino lursmanaSvili,

eleqtronuli gazeTi „britaneTi“, nodar duglaZe da sxv.; amasTanave,

SeiniSneba diasporis aqtivoba eleqtronul mediaSi.

rogoria saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika diasporuli mediis

mimarT da gulisxmobs Tu ara diasporaSi masobrivi komunikaciis

saSualebebis xelSewyobas?

2008-2009 wlebSi diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

ministris aparatma Jurnalebis _ „Tanamemamule“ (inglisi), „Ein blick

Georgian“ (germania) da sxv. _ ramdenime nomeri daafinansa. aRniSnul

periods emTxveva aparatis veb-gverdis _ www.diaspora.gov.ge _

srulyofisaTvis mimarTuli muSaoba. aparatis iniciativiT momzadda

eleqtronuli Jurnali „diasporis macne“ (sul oTxi nomeri).

2010 wels diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris

aparatma internet teqnologiebze SeaCera yuradReba, kerZod, aparatma

internetteleviziasTan www.itv.ge TanamSromlobis memorandumi gaaforma.

aparatis iniciativiT Seiqmna TanamemamuleebisTvis socialuri qseli

21

www.iamgeorgian.com. Seicvala aparatis oficialuri veb-gverdis

struqtura.

2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi opozicia

movida. jerjerobiT rTulia visaubroT diasporisa da, kerZod, diaspo-

ruli mediis mimarT axali xelisuflebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.

qarTuli diasporuli mediis ganviTarebis koncefcia

qarTuli diasporuli media, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis

Semadgeneli, rogorc eTno-saidentifikacio atributi, rogorc `meoTxe

xelisuflebis~ sazRvargareTuli nawili, rogorc sazRvargareT mimobne-

uli Tanamemamuleebis Semkvreli da ideologiuri mimarTulebis mimcemi,

aucileblad unda iyos mxardaWerili saqarTvelos saxelmwifosgan.

aRniSnuli kuTxiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia:

• qarTuli diasporuli media ganviTardes erTiani erovnuli mediis

farglebSi, moeqces erovnul sainformacio qselSi, diasporis Sesaxeb

momzadebuli gadacemebisaTvis sainformacio badeSi gamoiyos dro. mks-s

daematos specialuri diasporuli CanarTebi, moxdes TanamSromlobis

sistematizacia da optimizacia.

• saqarTveloSi Seiqmnas diasporuli mediis kvlevis centri,

qarTuli diasporuli gamocemebis ruka. mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba

migraciis kvleviT adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso jgufebTan,

personaliebTan, akademiuri wreebis warmomadgenlebTan. √

• gaviziaroT estoneTis gamocdileba da qarTuli diasporisaTvis

momzaddes (mag., www.etnoweb.ee-s msgavsi) erTiani eleqtronuli gverdi,

sadac Tanamemamuleebi Tavad gaaSuqeben saTvistomoebis RonisZiebebs.

mediaaqtivobebiT dainteresebul Tanamemamuleebs SevTavazoT

Jurnalistikis samoqalaqo (optimaluri) kursi.

SeniSvna: istoriul diasporaSi, aseve im qveynebSi, sadac SromiTi

migrantebi gvyavs, saxelmwifom beWdviT gamocemebs gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda miaqcios, radgan socialuri ganviTarebis done aseT

sazogadoebebSi ZiriTadad dabalia da Cveni Tanamemamuleebi

22

globalizaciis miRwevebs (informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTareba)

fexs ver uwyoben an xSir SemTxvevaSi eleqtronuli saSualebebi

dablokilia (iranis islamuri respublika). sasurvelia, muslimur

garemocvaSi myofi qarTvelebis eTnikuri identifikacia kulturis,

ganaTlebisa da sazogadoebriv sferoebSi mainc moxdes. samwuxaroa, rom

amJamad arc iranSi, arc azerbaijansa da TurqeTSi qarTvelebis

perioduli gamocemebi realurad ar funqciobs.

ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis perioduli gamocemebis konteqstSi

saubari ZiriTadad eTnikuri narativis Sesaxeb SeiZleba.

ras niSnavs eTnikuri narativi?

is, rac pirovnebisaTvis (avto)biografiaa, faqtobrivad, igivea

eTnikuri jgufisTvis eTnikuri narativi, romelsac presis saSualebiT

ayalibeben amave sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. e. w. `konceptualuri

markeri~ diasporul gamocemebSi gulisxmobs: eTnikuri identobisaTvis

brZolas, kulturuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebaze zrunvas,

adgilsamyofel qveynebSi sakuTari kulturis wardgenasa da uflebebis

dacvas. bunebrivia, istoriuli diasporis adgilsamyofel qveynebSi es

yovelive rTulad miiRweva, Tumca miiCneva, rom moqmedeba, procesis

mimdinareoba mniSvnelovania.

yvela Taoba sakuTar Jurnalistikas qmnis, Sesabamisad, gamocemebis

organizatorTa aqtivobis xarisxi cvladia, diasporebis ganwyobilebebi

cvalebadia erTi da imave sakiTxebis mimarT, icvleba periodul

organoTa Tematuri Tu formobrivi saxec. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cven mier

ganxiluli organoebi, ZiriTadad, qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiTaa

gamocemuli da paralelis gavleba rTuldeba, magram cxadi xdeba, rom

problemuri sakiTxebis mimarT damokidebuleba, gamocdilebidan

gamomdinare, sustdeba an sulac qreba. azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi

qarTvelebis gamocemebSi, romelTa umravlesoba saqarTveloSi

ibeWdeboda, gasaTvaliswinebelia politikuri arealic _ postsabWoTa

sivrce, ikveTeba pretenziebi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mimarT, rac ar

23

gvxvdeba iranis islamur respublikasa da TurqeTis qarTvelebis

gamocemebSi. aRniSnul qveynebSi qarTveloba ZiriTadad kulturul

identifikacias axdens, publikaciebi Tu gamocemebic Sesabamisia.

qarTuli saxelmwifo unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebSi istoriuli diaspora (zogadad diaspora) dambalansebel

Zalad rCeba da mniSvnelovania misi kulturuli ganviTarebisaTvis

zrunva. Nnacionaluri diaspora gansakuTrebuli emociuri muxtis

matarebelia da misdami midgoma politikuri koreqtulobis maRali

xarisxiT unda xdebodes.

globalizaciis epoqaSi diaspora gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens;

diaspora _ xidi msofliosTan _ kulturaTa daaxloebis SesaZleblobas

iZleva. qarTuli saxelmwifos mxardaWeriT diaspora qveynis miznebis

ganxorcielebas gaaiolebs.

24

nawili I

hereTi

istoriuli eqskursi

yofili sabWoTa kavSiris xelisuflebis politikam kavkasiaSi

erTa Soris urTierToba gaamwvava da dasabami misca konfliqturi

kerebis warmoSobas. aseTi situaciebi ZiriTadad SeiniSneba

saxelmwifos sasazRvro zolSi. iq, sadac kompaqturad cxovroben

aradominanti eTnosis warmomadgenlebi _ erovnuli umciresoba,

romelic erovnuli SemadgenlobiT enaTesaveba am teritoriis

mosazRvre saxelmwifos mosaxleobas.

eTnikur-teritoriulma winaaRmdegobebma da konfliqtebma,

romlebic amierkavkasiaSi arsebobda meoce saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi

da romelTagan zogierTi bolSevikebma `daakonserves~, zogierTi ki,

piriqiT, kidev ufro gaamwvaves, rTuli formiT wamoyves Tavi sabWoTa

kavSiris daSlis Semdeg. saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis

mopovebisTanave mis teritoriaze ramdenime cxeli wertili warmoiSva.

ori maTgani (samaCablo da afxazeTi) male SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi

gadaizarda; 2008 wels ki es yvelaferi uSualod ruseT-saqarTvelos

agvistos omiT `dagvirgvinda~. ruseTi interesdeba kavkasiis zogierTi

provinciiT, rac aZlevs modificirebuli imperiis Seqmnis

SesaZleblobas. amave dros, `sust~ eTnoumciresobebs (rogorsac e. w.

`ingiloebi~ warmoadgenen) ar eyrdnoba.

saqarTvelos istoriuli kuTxe _ hereTi _ sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlis Semdeg azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriul

SemadgenlobaSi aRmoCnda. 1921 wels qarTveli moRvaweebi pavle

ingoroyva (ingoroyva 1990; javaxiSvili... 1989; papuaSvili 2008) da

hereTis mcxovrebi giorgi gamxaraSvili Sexvdnen maSindeli revkomis

Tavmjdomares _ sergo orjonikiZes.

moTxovna iyo hereTis istoriul sazRvrebSi dabruneba.

25

orjonikiZis pasuxi: sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis

kavSiris damyarebiT damkvidrdeba saerTo sazRvrebi, ena da erovneba...

rac Seexeba iuridiul safuZvels, 1921 wlis 5 ivliss q. TbilisSi

Catarda saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis ssr warmomadgenelTa

konferencia, romelzec garda sasazRvro xazis, yaraiazisa da

eldaris velisa, zaqaTalis olqis sakiTxic ganixiles. dadgenilebis

mixedviT, saqarTvelos ssr uars ambobda pretenziaze zaqaTalas

olqSi. Sesabamis deklaracias xels awerdnen saqarTvelosa da

azerbaijanis revkomTa Tavmjdomareebi filipe maxaraZe da nariman

narimanovi.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi TbilisSi kvlav ganixiles 1921 wlis 8

noembersa da 5 ivlisis gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datoves.

azerbaijanis saxelmwifo statistikis komitetis monacemebiT 1999

wlisaTvis baqoSi, belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebSi

cxovrobda 14 877 qarTveli. amJamad es ricxvi mniSvnelovnad

Semcirebulia. Semcirebis tendencia gamoiwvia eTnikuri qarTvelebis

socialurma mdgomareobam, romelic gansazRvravs maT SromiT

migracias sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, upirvelesad ki _ saqarTveloSi.

meore mxriv, azerbaijanis statistikis komitetis yvela monacemi am

sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi eWvs badebs, radgan ar Seicavs saingilos

gamahmadianebuli herebis raodenobriv maCvenebels (daaxloebiT 30 000

adamiani), Sesabamisad, qarTvelebis saerTo raodenoba qveynis

mosaxleobis 0,2%-s warmoadgens, riTac jgufi eTnikuri umciresobis

aRmniSvnel zRvars ver laxavs... anu azerbaijans eTnikuri umciresoba

_ qarTveli _ ar hyavs da maTi uflebebis dacvas qveynis xelisufalT

veravin daavaldebulebs.

dRevandeli saingilo saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis sasazRvro sam

raions _ belaqani, zaqaTala, kaxi _ moicavs. istoriuli hereTi Seqis

(igive nuxa) da elises maRalmTian regionsac swvdeboda.

26

herebi iseTive qarTvelebi arian, rogorc kaxeli, qarTleli,

megreli da a.S. istoriul procesebSi herebs `ingilo~ Searqves.

qarTveli moRvawe, hereTis warmomadgeneli mose janaSvili ar

eTanxmeba gavrcelebul mosazrebas, rom `ingilo~ xelaxla moqceuls

niSnavs da igi miaCnia ingirad e. i. egriselad. istorikos m. dumbaZis

versiiT ki, `ingilo~ ewoda lekTa mier damorCilebul-dabegril

qarTvel glexs, amitom is ufro socialuri Sinaarsis terminia, vidre

eTnikuri (dumbaZe 1953) .

asimilaciis tendenciebi dResac aSkarad vlideba... kerZod,

belaqani-zaqaTalas qarTvelebma, romelTac 1959 wels CamoarTves

pasportebi da xuTi Tvis Semdeg daubrunes azerbaijanuli gvarebiT,

gamoTqves survili, aRedginaT mamapapiseuli gvarebi.

2002 wels saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare nino burjanaZe

aRniSnul sakiTxze esaubra geidar alievs, romelmac pirad

kontrolze aiyvana problema, gasca gankargulebebi, Tumca

adgilobrivTa mcdeloba uSedego aRmoCnda. oficialur uwyebebSi

aborigen qarTvelebs ganumartes, rom prezidentis gadawyvetilebas

maleve mohyva `cirkularuli werili~, romelmac saqme sawyis

mdgomareobas daubruna. amasTan, problemas qveynebis socialuri

mdgomareobac gansazRvravs, ris gamoc arqivebSi winaparTa gvar-

saxelis moZieba ioli ar aris. yovelives isic erTvis, rom realuri

qmedebisaTvis am saqmis iniciatorTa, gvar-saxelis dabrunebis

momxreTa mtkice gadawyvetilebaa saWiro.

religiur dapirispirebas vxvdebiT ara marto azerbaijanelebTan

mimarTebaSi, aramed TviT qarTvelebSic. belaqani-zaqaTalაs raionებSi

mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben, xolo kaxis raionSi _ qristiani

(marTlmadidebeli) qarTvelebi.

ingilours gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia qarTuli enis

dialeqtTa Soris. ingilouri or kilokavad iyofa: kakurad da

27

aliabadurad. kaxis raionis qarTveloba kakur kilokavze saubrobs,

xolo belaqani-zaqaTalis mcxovrebni _ aliabadurad.

zemoT CamoTvlil gansxvavebaTa gamo kakeli ver hguobs `ingilos~

da Tavs herad miiCnevs.

1989 wlis saerTo-sakavSiro mosaxleobis aRwerisas belaqanisa da

zaqaTalis gamahmadianebul qarTvelTa 95% eTnikur jguf `ingilod~

Caewera (qarTvelebadac Caewernen, magram ara masobrivad). aRniSnul

wamowyebas dResac hyavs momxreni, or ukiduresobas Soris saukeTeso

gamosavlad adgilobrivi qarTvelis `ingilod~ Cawera rom miaCnia.

radgan `ingilo~ socialur terminadaa miCneuli mkvlevrebisagan, is

ar SeiZleba erovnebis aRmniSvneli iyos. xelovnuri

`TviTidentifikacia~ ki mxolod axal problemebs daudebs saTaves.

qveynis dominant mosaxleobasTan religiuri niSniT dapirispireba

vlindeba qurmuxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis dReobaze _

qurmuxobas, yovel giorgobas, roca albanuri fesvebis maZiebeli

azerbaijanelebi moqalaqeobrivi valis mosaxdelad qristianebTan

erTad modian taZarSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zeglis aRdgena-restavracia

2005 wels dasrulda. sxvaTa Soris, azerbaijanis ZeglTa dacvis

komiteti, adgilobrivTa daJinebuli moTxovniT, saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos mier damtkicebuli proeqtiT xelmZRvanelobda.

ramdenime aTeuli welia, zogierTi azerbaijaneli mecnieri

qveynis dasavleTiT mcxovreb eTnikur qarTvelebs istoriuli

albanebis STamomavlebad acxadebs... qarTvelTa xeliT nageb

marTlmadideblur Zeglebs ki albanebis qristianobas ukavSirebs.

marTalia, postsabWour kavkasiaSi sakuTrebis gansazRvris sakiTxi

gadaudebel saqmed iqca da sabWoTa imperiis damgegmavTa politika

regionis konfliqtebiT dasustebas iTvaliswinebda, magram davebis

eTnikur aqcentze gaTvlil strategias kulturis, aRmsareblobis

gayalbebis taqtika Tu mohyveboda, es veravis warmoedgina.

28

hereTis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri Zeglebis Seswavla ramdenime

qarTveli mecnieris: mose janaSvilis, ilia adamias, giorgi

marjaniSvilis (marjaniSvili 2005) saxels ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad

imisa, rom kuTxeSi mimobneuli uamravi religiuri Zegli an

nasaydrali saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ar eqvemdebareba (garda erTisa

_ kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis mamaTa moqmedi monastrisa),

ganusazRvrelia am uwyebis roli herebs Soris marTlmadideblobis

SenarCunebaSi. hereTis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebis

Tanamedrove fiqsacia ar momxdara, rac arsebul fonze, vfiqrobT,

gangaSis safuZveli unda gaxdes. saxelmwifoTa aRmasrulebel

uwyebebSi es sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi ar dgas da, rogorc Cans, arc

aranairi perspeqtiva uCans. azerbaijanis mier warmoebul politikas

aTvalsaCinoebs bolo periodSi qarTuli kulturis Zeglebze

gaCenili abrebi. TiTqmis yvela Zegls adgilobrivi mecnierebis nawili

I-V saukuneebiT aTariRebs. cxadia, erTi mizniT, V saukunis II

naxevarSi vaxtang gorgasalma sabolood SeierTa dasavleT albaneTis

iberiasTan momijnave sadavo teritoria, istoriuli hereTi. qarTveli

mecnierebi kolegebis mxriv TariRTa mTeli xuTi saukuniT

`daZvelebas~ araprofesionalurs uwodeben. azerbaijanel mkvlevrebs

erTi mniSvnelovani detali gamorCeniaT, kavkasiaSi qristianobis

damkvidreba IV saukunidan iwyeba da manamde qristianuli Zeglis

arseboba warmoudgenelia, miT umetes, im tipisa, rac hereTis

teritoriaze gvxvdeba da, amdenad, maTi `kompetencia~ veraviTar

kritikas ver uZlebs.

azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze arsebobs 12 skola,

romlebSic qarTul enaze mimdinareobs swavleba: belaqani _ 1

(Sereuli), zaqaTala _ 4 (oTxive Sereuli), kaxis raioni _ 7 (erTi

Sereuli da erTi cxraklasiani).

saingilos qarTul skolebSi saqarTvelos istoriis, geografiisa

da bunebis swavleba 2001 wlis oqtombridan fakultaturi saaTebis

29

xarjzec ki aikrZala, radgan amierkavkasiis qveynebis istoria Seicavs

urTierTsawinaaRmdego monacemebs da mSobliuri istoriis swavleba

TiToeulisaTvis aramizanSewoniladaa miCneuli.

orive eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqtebuli

Sereuli komisia didi xania arsebobs; swored mas evaleba ganaTlebis

sakiTxis mogvareba, axali saxelmZRvanelos SemuSaveba, sadac

mSobliuri da `mamobili~ qveynebis interesebi ar ikveTeba.

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi misaRebad

saingilos qarTuli da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanuli skolebisaTvis,

istoriis saxelmZRvanelos amgvari formati miaCndaT: gverdigverd

erTi epoqis orive qveynis istoria daibeWdos. kavkasiaSi `kavkasiis

istoriis~ saxelmZRvanelos SemuSavebazec fiqroben, romelic

ZiriTadad eTnikuri problemebis mqone regionebis

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi jer gamoicdeba, Semdeg, rogorc

organizatorebi varaudoben, dainergeba. Cveni azriT, `kavkasiis

istoria~, miuxedavad keTili miznisa _ eTnokonfliqtebis

ganeitraleba _ ver ascdeba gayalbebis gzas... sakiTxis mogvarebamde

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

organizebuli RonisZieba, romelic 2004 wlis ivlisis TveSi

ganxorcielda, zemoT miTiTebuli `saWoWmano~ saxelmZRvaneloebis

gareSe Catarda.

aRniSnuli problemebis gamo rTuldeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis

miRebis sakiTxi saingilos kontigentisaTvis. garkveuli SeRavaTebis

miuxedavad, heri studentebi umaRlesi saswavleblebis damTavrebis

Semdeg regionSi ver saqmdebian. Sesabamisad, rogorc vTqviT, iZulebiT

SromiT migraciaSi imyofebian sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, maT Soris,

mSobliur saqarTveloSi. arsebobda iniciativa azerbaijanis umaRlesi

saswavleblis filialis zaqaTalas raionSi gaxsnisa, Tumca

adgilobrivebma es wamowyeba ararealurad miiCnies da masSi safrTxec

ki dainaxes.

30

saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministro saingilos

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi Zireul reformebs gegmavda. es ki

kvalificirebuli kadrebis mivlinebis waxalisebas gulisxmobda, rac

xels Seuwyobda ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas; ukanaskneli, Tavis

mxriv, SeRavaTebs, romlebic `daTvur samsaxurad~ karga xania

moinaTla, ufunqcios gaxdida. magaliTad, 2004 wels saministrodan

orgzis gaigzavnen maswavleblebi (trenerebi): lali SaiSmelaSvili,

nino balanCivaZe, lana salayaia, lali mwariaSvili, qeTi botkoveli,

romelTac pedagogiur praqtikaSi danergili siaxleebisa da

gakveTilis wayvanis zogadi meTodebis Sesaxeb codna unda gadaecaT.

sxvaTa Soris, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, maT zaqaTalis raionSi

problemebi SexvdaT; qarTulma mxarem saingilos skolebis

saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrunvelyofa sakuTar Tavze aiRo; ormxrivi

SeTanxmebis safuZvelze azerbaijanelebma sakuTari saswavlo

programebis mixedviT qarTul enaze saxelmZRvaneloebi moamzades,

saxelmZRvaneloebi _ `garesamyaro da maTematika~ (I klasi) qarTuli

gamomcemloba `inteleqtis~ daxmarebiT daibeWda da sxv.

2005 wlidan abiturientebi saingilodan erTian erovnul

gamocdebSi iReben monawileobas. Sesabamisad, kontigentisaTvis

gaTvaliswinebulma adrindelma SeRavaTebma saxe icvala. gairkva, rom

saxelmwifo grantis mopovebisaTvis arasakmarisi qulebis miRebis

SemTxvevaSi Svidi kategoriis abiturientisaTvis, maT Soris,

azerbaijanis (saingilos) qarTvelobisaTvis (gaTvaliswinebulia

agreTve: kodoris xeobis, cxinvalis regionis (konfliqtis zona),

iranis (fereidani), TurqeTisa da ruseTis qarTvelebi), arsebobs

SeRavaTi, saministros warmomadgenlebi proporciuli wesiT adgenen

kvotas da gascemen saxelmwifo grants.

erTaderTi, rac adgilobriv qarTvelebs rCebaT, kulturuli

TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebaa.

31

saingiloSi oficialurad arsebobs kaxis raionis kulturis

centri, romelic ufunqcioa (2010 wels Senoba daiwva). qarTuli

Teatri, aRiarebis miuxedavad, misi sulisCamdgmelis, anzor

dolenjaSvilis, `daTxovnis~ Semdeg yofna-aryofnis zRvarze aRmoCnda.

2005 wels ianvris TveSi azerbaijanis (saingilos) kaxis raionis

sofel alibeglos i. WavWavaZis saxelobis qarTul saxalxo Teatrs

saxelmwifo statusi saqarTveloSi Tbilisis azerbaijanuli

saxelmwifo dramatuli Teatris daarsebis paralelurad mieniWa.

sakiTxiT dainteresebuli qarTuli sazogadoebis azri Teatris

aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT erTgvarovania _ moyvaruli msaxiobebiT

Semdgar saingilos qarTul saxalxo Teatrs, swored profesionalTa

deficitis gamo, ar SeiZleba saxelmwifo statusi mieniWos da sxva

qveyanaSi qarTuli kulturis warmoCena daevalos. Tumca kvlav dRis

wesrigSi dgas Teatris asamoqmedeblad Tbilisidan kvalificiuri

kadris gagzavnisa da ramdenimekaciani specialistTa jgufis

momzadebis sakiTxi. swored amitom 2010 wels SoTa rusTavelis

saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos universitetma daaxloebiT aTi

abiturienti miiRo saingilodan.

kuTxis qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis

ansambl `lazares~ arsebobas oficialurad arc erTi saxelmwifo ar

aRiarebda, Sesabamisad, ansambli uamrav problemas awydeboda:

`lazares~ sarepertuaro paketis simwire, rac, Tundac, erTi qarTveli

lotbaris saingiloSi garkveuli droiT mivlinebiT mogvardeboda;

adgilobrivi folkloris nimuSebis moZieba-Seswavlis sakiTxi;

samomavlod ansamblis Sesavsebad adgilobrivi kadrebis moZieba,

profesionaluri aRzrda; qarTuli xalxuri sakravebis saWiroeba;

finansuri problemebis aRmosafxvrelad garkveuli tiraJiT `lazares~

audiokasetis gamoSveba urigo ar iqneboda; kuTxeSi (kaxis, agreTve,

belaqani-zaqaTalas raionebis qarTul soflebSi) gasvliTi

RonisZiebebis organizeba damokidebuli iyo adgilobrivi

32

administraciuli organoebis nebarTvaze, transportirebisa da sxva

teqnikuri problemebis mogvarebaze; saxelmwifoebrivi SeTanxmebis

safuZvelze `lazares~ orive qveynis folklorul festivalebSi

CarTva, masTan dakavSirebuli saorganizacio _ iuridiul-finansuri

problemebi; misasalmebeli iqneboda, `lazarem~, rogorc saingilos

qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis ansambls

iuridiuli statusiT hqonoda; am problemebis mogvareba mxolod

sasikeTod waadgeba ori megobari qveynis _ azerbaijanisa da

saqarTvelos _ momavals.

`lazare~ kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis moqmedi eklesiis

mgalobelTa gunds da saingilos `qarTul folklorul jgufsac~

warmoadgenda. ukanasknelis misia farTo iyo: qarTuli simRerebisa da

sagaloblebis mosaxleobisaTvis gacnoba, kuTxis saeklesio,

saistorio matianis Seqmna, arqeologiuri eqsponatebisa Tu

werilobiTi wyaroebis moZieba-Seswavla, eTnografiuli kuTxis

mowyoba, regionSi qarTuli qoreografiuli xelovnebis aRorZineba da

sxv. samwuxarod, xSirad sakuTar Tavze dakisrebul am erovnul misias

saxelmwifo mxardaWeris gareSe ganxorcieleba ar ewera.

qarTveli qvelmoqmedebi folkloruli festivalebis

organizatorebs xSirad axseneben `lazares~ da misi RonisZiebebSi

CarTva mxolod amis Semdeg xerxdeba. samwuxarod, amJamad aRniSnuli

ansambli aRar arsebobs, Tumca arsebobs ramdenime TviTSemoqmedebiTi

qoreografiuli jgufi.

saingiloSi arsebobs problemebi, romelTa individualur doneze

mogvarebac SeuZlebelia. azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba ki,

qveynis xelisufalTagan, rogorc erovnuli umciresoba,

ugulebelyofilia.

saingilos aborigeni qarTveloba da qvemo qarTlSi Casaxlebuli

azerbaijanelebi kavkasiis ori megobari saxelmwifosaTvis

33

dambalansebel Zalad rCeba, TiToeulis mdgomareoba ki orive qveynaSi

arsebuli demokratiis xarisxiT ganisazRvreba (yuloSvili 2004: 20).

34

saingilos qarTvelebis problemebi

saingilos qarTvelebis TviTidentifikaciisaTvis gadaudebeli

aucileblobaa qarTuli kulturis ganviTareba belaqanis, zaqaTalasa

da kaxis raionebSi. amisaTvis saWiroa iq arsebuli SemoqmedebiTi

jgufebisaTvis lotbarisa da qoreografis saqarTvelodan mivlineba.

saWiroa saingiloSi arsebuli ansamblebis repertuaris daxvewa da

gamravalferovneba. belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebSi, agreTve,

azerbaijanis sxva raionebsa Tu dedaqalaqSi da saqarTveloSi

gastrolebis organizeba.

nawilobriv mogvarebulia ansamblebis qarTuli tradiciuli

tansacmliTa da saWiro inventariT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi, magram am

kuTxiT arsebuli xarvezebi Sesavsebia.

saWiroa, saqarTvelodan mivlenilma lotbarma da qoreografma

yuradReba miaqcios saingiloSi SemorCenil folklorul nimuSebs,

aRadginos da popularizacia gauwios maT.

aucilebelia, kaxSi arsebuli qarTuli kulturis centris (Senoba

2010 wels daiwva da aRdgenas saWiroebs) amoqmedeba.

saingilos qarTvelebis TviTidentifikaciisaTvis gadaudebeli

aucileblobaa kaxis raionis sof. alibegloSi arsebuli azerbaijanis

qarTuli saxelmwifo Teatris realurad amoqmedeba, saingilos

Teatris msaxiobTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba; cnobil msaxiobebTan

Sexvedra da maTi master-klasebis organizeba. saWiroa, saingilos

qarTuli Teatris damaarseblis, anzor dolenjaSvilis, mier wlebis

ganmavlobaSi momzadebuli repertuaris aRdgena; repertuarSi

azerbaijanuli speqtaklis Setana. aRsaniSnavia, rom ramdenime wlis

win azerbaijanul enaze daidga speqtakli `Ramis stumari~;

aucilebelia, azerbaijanis qarTuli saxelmwifo da saqarTvelos

azerbaijanuli saxelmwifo Teatrebis daaxloeba-damegobreba; a.

dolenjaSvilis mier sofel alibegloSi dawesebuli `iliaobis~

aRdgena; a. dolenjaSvilis pirovnebis reabilitacia da sxv.

35

saingilos qarTvelebis socialuri mdgomareoba mZimea. miuxedavad

imisa, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mxardaWeriT saingilos

kontigenti umaRles ganaTlebas Rebulobs, isini azerbaijanSi

specialobebis mixedviT dausaqmebelni arian. mZime socialuri

mdgomareobis gamo herebis umravlesoba tovebs mSobliur kuTxes,

yidis mamapapiseul miwebs. azerbaijanis xelisufleba herebis am

problemiT sargeblobs da saingilos teritorias turistul centrad

acxadebs. turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi saingilos

qarTvelebi, sakiTxis ucodinarobis gamo, ver erTvebian.

azerbaijanelebi qarTvelebis mamapapiseul miwebs maRal fasad

yiduloben, icvleba regionis eTnikur-demografiuli saxe... migraciis

Seferxeba urTulesi sakiTxia, Tumca am rTul viTarebaSi arsebobs

erTi gamosavali: saqarTvelos mxarem, gansakuTrebiT qarTuli

eklesiebis mimdebare teritoriaze, gasayidi miwebi SeiZinos. mag., kaxis

wm. giorgi eklesiis gverdiT arsebuli saxli saqarTvelos mama ioane

(abasaSvilma) saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan SeTanxmebiT SeiZina.

saWiroa saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis iseTi gazeTis gamocema,

romelic gaaerTianebs samive raionis qarTvelobas. gazeTi ingiloTa

problemebs unda aSuqebdes da maTi mogvarebis gzebsac saxavdes, ra

Tqma unda, azerbaijanis kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

aucilebelia saingilos qarTvelebis ganaTlebis donis amaRleba,

aRkveTa iseTi precendentebisa, rogorsac adgili aqvs gansakuTrebiT

belaqanisa da zaqaTalas raionebSi; qarTuli seqtorebis dawyebiTi

klasebis dakompleqteba adgilobrivi resursebis gamoyenebiT

problemuri sakiTxia.

amasTanave, azerbaijanis respublikaSi qarTvelebis

integraciisaTvis aucilebelia azerbaijanis umaRles saswavleblebSi

ingiloTaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebiT sargebloba.

36

aucilebelia saingilos kontingentTan muSaoba, rom isini

davainteresoT ara mxolod umaRles saswavleblebSi prestiJuli

fakultetebiT, aramed profesiuli ganaTlebiT.

saingilos qarTvelebis aRmsareblobis ufleba azerbaijanis

mxridan daculi ar aris, piriqiT, adgilobriv arsebuli qarTuli

xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi zogierTi azerbaijaneli mecnieris mxridan

albanur Zeglad aris aRiarebuli. sakiTxi orive saxelmwifos mxridan

saTanadod Seswavlas moiTxovs, radgan xSirad qarTveli

specialistebis mxridan obieqtebis Seswavlamde qarTuli

warmomavlobis damadasturebeli eqsponatebi gatanilia... xSirad

azerbaijanelTa mxridan maTze daqvemdebarebuli qarTuli Zeglebis

`aRdgena-restavracias~ CvenTvis savalalo Sedegebi moaqvs...

aucilebelia, sakiTxi orive saxelmwifos mecnierebma Seiswavlon,

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaTxrebic erToblivad awarmoon.

qurmuxis saydris (SemdgomSi _ kaxis raionis soflebSi arsebuli

qarTuli eklesiebis) amoqmedeba adgilobrivi mrevlis Txovnaa.

vfiqrobT, sakiTxis Seswavla orive mxridan aucilebelia, radgan

azerbaijanis respublika demokratiis principebs aRiarebs da, gvjera,

aRmsareblobis uflebas saingiloSi daicavs.

saingilos qarTvelebs problemas uqmnis is pirobebi, romlebic

azerbaijanis xelisuflebam axlaxan SemoiRo _ saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebisaTvis azerbaijanis respublikaSi yofnis gansazRvruli

vada. saingilos qarTvelebis umravlesoba ormagi moqalaqea an

saqarTveloSia migrirebuli. sakiTxi droulad mogvarebas moiTxovs.

gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan belaqansa da zaqaTalas

raionebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi qarTuli, mamapapiseuli gvar-saxelis

tarebis uflebas arian moklebulni. arada, aRniSnul raionebSi

mcxovreb qarTvelebs survili aqvT aRidginon winapris gvar-saxeli.

sakiTxi droulad mogvarebas moiTxovs.

37

saingilos qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli Jurnal-gazeTebi

`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gazeTi `moambe~

azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis _ herebis _ nacionaluri

gaaqtiureba iwyeba 1990-ian wlebSi, rac ukavSirdeba sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlasa da maTdami saqarTvelos erovnuli moZraobis mkveTrad

gamoxatul mxardaWeras.

1990 wels kuTxis pirveli Tavisufali gazeTi, `mose janaSvilis

sazogadoebis~ perioduli gamocema `moambe~, gamovida.1

1 mose janaSvili _ qarTveli istorikosi, enaTmecnieri, eTnografi, publicisti,

pedagogi, sazogado moRvawe 1855 w. 19 marts kaxSi daibada. 1865 wlidan swavlobda

kaxis samrevlo skolaSi, 1868-1872 _ zaqaTalas samazro saswavlebelSi, Semdeg _

Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. 1875-1920 ww. pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda

quTaissa da TbilisSi (aswavlida qarTul enasa da saqarTvelos istorias). 1888

wlidan iyo saeklesio muzeumis TanamSromeli, 1897-1926 ww. – misi gamge. 1920-dan

moRvaweobda umaRles saswavlebelSi. iyo damsaxurebuli profesori, `saqarTvelos

saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebisa~ da `qarTuli saenaTmecnierebo

sazogadoebis~ sapatio wevri (1930). erT-erTma pirvelma Cauyara safuZveli samecniero

muSaobas saqarTveloSi. 1884 wels gamovida misi `saqarTvelos mokle istoria~,

romelSic `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sqemis mixedviT aris moTxrobili saqarTvelos

istoria. es iyo saqarTvelos istoriis pirveli saxelmZRvanelo. Semdeg gamocemebSi

(`saqarTvelos istoria~ 1894, 1906) avtori eyrdnoboda farTo wyaroTmcodneobiT

bazas da met yuradRebas uTmobda saqarTvelos Sina cxovrebas, istoriuli faqtebis

axsnas. ikvlevda qarTuli eklesiis istorias. manve aRmoaCina `qarTlis cxovrebis~

e.w. janaSviliseuli nusxa. am nusxis `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gagrZeleba gamosca

`axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ saxelwodebiT (janaSvili 1907). miakvlia da 1909 w.

gamosca basili zarzmelis `serapion zarzmelis cxovreba~. avtoria mravali

wyaroTmcodneobiTi naSromisa da werilebisa saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebze.

mose janaSvilma didi wvlili Seitana qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis

gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wignTsacavis, saqarTvelos saistorio da

saeTnografio sazogadoebebis koleqciebis, saeklesio muzeumis SeqmnaSi, eweoda

arqeografiul moRvaweobas...

mose janaSvili qarTuli eTnografiis erT-erTi fuZemdebelia. aqvs narkvevebi

afxazeTze, saingilosa da mesxeTze.

38

1990 wlis 3 ivniss kaxSi Sedga `sazogadoebis~ damfuZnebeli

yriloba. masSi azerbaijanis saxalxo frontis regionuli

organizaciis warmomadgenlebic monawileobdnen. yrilobis

organizatorebma ganixiles sazogadoebis saprogramo dokumentebi;

airCies sazogadoebis gamgeoba; gazeTis redaqtori.

gazeTi `moambe~ `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ wevrTa erTgvar

tribunad iqca, amitom mis deklaraciaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs

sazogadoebrivi Tu politikuri sferos warmarTvis Taobaze

gamocemisaTvis dasaxul programadac ganvixilavT.

`mose janaSvilis sazogadoeba~, rogorc arapolitikuri

gaerTianeba, mxars uWerda erTa urTierTpativiscemis, keTilme-

zoblobisa da mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis principebs; miesalmeboda

kavkasiis erTa samarTlian brZolas damoukideblobisaTvis, romelTa

mizani iyo gareSe Zalisagan Tavisufali saerTo kavkasiuri saxlis

aSeneba. cxadia, es iniciativa Tanamedroveobis gamoZaxili iyo da

saqarTvelos erovnuli mTavrobis mxardaWeriT xorcieldeboda

saingiloSic. qarTvel da azerbaijanel xalxebs Soris undoblobisa

da SuRlis gamRviveblad mmarTveli sistema miiCneoda. regionis

mosaxleobis interesebidan gamomdinare, sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda

mose janaSvili avtoria mravali saenaTmecniero naSromisa, romlebSic

gaSuqebulia qarTuli gramatikis, dialeqtologiis, leqsikologiis, qarTuli enis

SedarebiTi Seswavlis sakiTxebi (1906 wels gamosca `qarTuli gramatika~). cnobilia

misi etimologiuri Ziebani, leqsikonebi (ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, vefxistyaosnis

leqsikoni, petriwis da sxv. leqsikonebi), romelTa erTi nawili gamouqveynebelia.

sayuradReboa misi naSromebi qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi. m. janaSvilis

geografiuli naSromebidan aRsaniSnavia Tbilisis, goris, mcxeTisa da misi

midamoebis, aragvis xeobis aRweriloba. mxareTmcodneobiT naSromebSi mocemulia

saingilosa da mesxeTis zogadgeografiuli aRwera. igi avtoria werilebisa soflis

meurneobis sxvadasxva dargSi.

mose janaSvili gardaicvala 1934 wlis 19 aprils; dakrZalulia qarTvel

mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa mTawmindis panTeonSi.

39

arsebuli socialuri, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo, yofiTi

problemebis mosaxleobasa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan

TanamSromlobis safuZvelze gadaWras.

sazogadoebis programa exmianeba sainformacio da samecniero

azris monopolizaciis sakiTxsac, romlis uaryofiTi Sedegebi

Tavadac iwvnies... fsevdomecnieruli wreebis mier aborigen qarTvelTa

istoria `sadavod~ iqna miCneuli, amitomac dasaxuli amocanebidan,

aseve, konstituciuri da saerTaSoriso aqtebidan gamomdinare,

sazogadoebam moRvaweoba warmarTa kulturis, religiis, ganaTlebisa

da sxv. sferoebSi wamoWrili moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.

`moambes~ gamocemas sixaruliT Sexvdnen adgilobrivi qarTvelebi

_ alibegloelebi: `ra SeiZleba iyos imaze ukeTesi, vidre zrunva

istoriul Zeglebze, xalxis sulier da kulturul ayvavebaze, or ers

Soris arsebuli urTierTobis Semdgom gaumjobesebaze, saqvelmoqmedo

RonisZiebaTa Catarebaze, zusti da utyuari informaciis miwodebaze,

romelic dRes haeriviT esaWiroeba rogorc saqarTveloSi mcxovreb

azerbaijanel, aseve, azerbaijanSi mcxovreb qarTvel mosaxleobas.

dabolos, im did saqmeSi mcireodeni wvlilis Setanaze, romelsac

saerTo kavkasiuri saxli ewodeba; aseve, azerbaijanis saxalxo

frontis regionuli organizaciis warmomadgenlebic: `Народный фронт

готов ко всестороннему сотрудничеству с вами, всячески поддерживать вас во

всех начинаниях и мероприятиях, лишь бы деятельность вновь созданной

общественной организации была направлена и служила делу укрепления дружбы

между нашими народами.~

`moambes~ devizia _ `Tavisuflebis Sovnai, sjobs saSovnelsa

yvelasa!~

gazeTi ibeWdeboda TbilisSi, Tumca TanamSromlobisaTvis

redaqciis xelmZRvaneloba sakuTari binis misamarTebs uTiTebda.

rogorc Cans, arc `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gamgeobas ar

40

gaaCnda mudmivi adgilsamyofeli. Sekrebebic, aseve, sazogadoebis

wevrTa binebSi imarTeboda.

gazeTis sul oTxi nomeri gamovida; gamosacemad mzad iyo

mexuTec, Tumca ar dabeWdila. Tavdapirvelad ganisazRvra, rom

gamocema yovelTviuri iqneboda, Tumca perioduloba darRveulia;

gazeTis pirveli sami nomeri 1990 wels daibeWda: ivlisSi _ #1;

agvistoSi _ #2; seqtembeSi _ #3; 1991 wlis TebervalSi gamoica _ #1

(4). `moambis~ redaqcia gazeTis dagvianebis mizezad finansur

problemebs asaxelebs, rac gazeTis gamocemis SeCerebis Sesaxebac

SeiZleba iTqvas.

igegmeboda `literaturuli gverdis~ calke, oTx TveSi erTxel,

gamocema, manamde ki es rubrika Tavad gazeTSi Cndeba (1991, #1).

gazeTis redaqtori _ emzar suyaSvili. igi qarTuli xalxuri

simRerisa da saeklesio galobis ansambl `lazares~ folklorul

jgufsac xelmZRvanelobda.

saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi: malxaz nuroSvili, zurab

papiaSvili. teqnikuri redaqtori _ oTar janaSvili.

unda iTqvas, rom redaqciam SeZlo adgilobriv korespondentTa

qselis Seqmna. `moambis~ avtorebi arian: emzar suyaSvili, malxaz

nuroSvili, zurab papiaSvili, kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis

winamZRvari _ mama ilarioni, boris aTamaSvili, igor abulaSvili,

cismari qitiaSvili, maria TofalaSvili, gulo da maria kurkunaevebi,

ioseb gamxaraSvili, mustafa daudovi (daTunaSvili), fervane samedova,

maria, Temur da kote barixaSvilebi, hamlet yiyiSvili, niko

TamazaSvili, neron TofalaSvili, rizvanul samedovi, besik

gojiaSvili da sxv.; fotoebi ekuTvnis Temur papiaSvils. gazeTSi

ibeWdeba werilebi kaxis raionis soflebidan: alibeglo (qaTmisxevi),

alaTemuri (did bina), qoToqlo; zaqaTalas r-nis sof. aliabadidan,

mosulidan; belaqanis r-nis sof. iTiTalidan da a.S.

41

gazeTis furclebze mkiTxveli gaecnoba kuTxis moRvaweTa Sesaxeb

saintereso informaciebs; citirebulia hereTis Sesaxeb gamocemuli

TiTqmis yvela yuradsaRebi wigni: zaqaria edilis `saingilo~, mose

janaSvilis `saingilo~, `ivan-baba buluRaSvilisaTvis Zeglis

aRmarTvis gamo~; perioduli gamocemebi: `iveria~, `droeba~, `xalxuri

sibrZne~, `baTumis gazeTi~ da a.S.

gazeTi rvagverdiania, A3 formatis; ilustrirebulia, Tumca,

xarisxobrivi TvalsazrisiT ver daikvexnis. Rirebuleba _ 1 maneTi.

`moambe~ eTnikuri sazogadoebis cnobierebis warmarTvaSi

mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda. redaqcia yvela Rirseuli,

mamuliSviluri saqmis saTaveSi moeqca; iyo organizatori kuTxisaTvis

saWirboroto sakiTxebis gadaWrisa Tu adgilobrivi moRvaweebis

saiubileo, aseve, religiuri dResaswaulebis aRniSvnisa.

adgilobrivebisaTvis winaparTa Rvawlis gacnobis gziT redaqcia

cdilobs danergos pativiscema warsulisadmi. biografiuli

monacemebis garda, mkiTxveli misTvis ucnob detalebs Seityobs

qarTveli moRvawis, mose janaSvilis, cxovrebidan. sainteresoa mose

janaSvilisa da sergei mesxis urTierTobis Sesaxeb mkiTxvelisaTvis

miwodebuli Canawerebi: `soflidan tfilisSi rom Camovedi, pirveli

kaci, romelic me aq gavicani iyo `droebis~ redaqtori sergei mesxi.

TviT pirveli Rame am patiosan da moWirnaxule moRvawis ojaxSi

gavaTie. sergei mesxi dimitris (dimitri janaSvili _ publicisti)

didi megobari iyo. patara ingilo rom mnaxa, sixaruliT aRar icoda

ra eqna; rogor mealerseboda, macivdeboda erTi Tqvens kiloze

damelaparakeo. Cems kiTxvebze Tqveneburad mipasuxeo da daiwyo:

_ exla, sad xar?

_ TiflizSi _ vupasuxe.

_ saidgan moxvediT?

_ kakiT.

_ raT?

42

_ salocela (saswavlod).

_ ra ginda gamoxvide?

_ Rdel.

_ raT ginda Rvdloba?

_ Con xalxs vaswavli.

_ ar ginda mwerali iyo?

_ raze ar mind?

_ ecade, kargi kaci gamoxvide. Tqveni qveynis arseboba Cven arc ki

vicodiT da am Cemma megobarma dimitrim Segvatyobina, saingiloSi

bevri qarTveloba ariso. dReidan Senc Cemi megobari iqnebi, iare

Cvensa da isargeble wignebiTa da gazeTebiT~.

enobriv problemebze 1895 wlis gazeT `iveriaSi~ (#200) dabeWdili

mose janaSvilis statia `moambis~ redaqciam aqtualurad miiCnia

(`moambe~ 1990); avtoris azriT, `kuTxeebSi daSTenil sityva-frazebs

gamomzeveba sWirdeba~. am mizniT `saWiroa es auarebeli masala

SemovkriboT, SeviswavloT, avnusxoT da es Sroma rom Sesruldeba

maSin Cveni, isec mdidari, leqsikoni erTi-orad gadiddeba, xolo ena-

mzeobac Cvenis enisa imatebs, da ufro gabrwyindeba da Saravanosani

Seiqmneba~. moRvawis TxuTmeti wlis winandel iniciativas xeli

mohkida `saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebam~, swored am faqts

exeba statia. mose janaSvili, Tavis mxriv, mkvlevrebs hpirdeba

daxmarebas, rom gaacnobs `ingiloTa kilo-kavs anu, ingilouradve rom

vTqvaT, loRaTs da leqsikonis im sityvebs, romelnic adgilobriv

ixmarebian da sazogado enaSi ki aRara~.

cismari qitiaSvilis masalaSi (qitiaSvili 1990:) moTxrobilia, Tu

rogor gaicno mose janaSvilma akaki wereTeli.

samazro saswavlebelSi swavlisas qarTulis maswavlebels

grigolievs bavSvebisaTvis saswavlad miucia akakis leqsi `simRera

mkis dros~. moses leqsis avtori _ akaki, samebis saydarTan mdgar

`hakakis xeSi~ arevia. maswavlebels uTqvams: `aq rom kargad iswavliT,

43

mere tfilisSi waxvalT da akakis naxvasac moeswrebiTo~... mogvianebiT,

`droebis~ redaqciaSi misuls, SemTxveviT akaki Sexvedria, romelsac

is SeupatiJebia, gazeTi miucia da daurigebia. Zvel megobars im dResve

miswera mosem: `vnaxe, vinc gvenatreboda, vnaxe sworeT Cveni mwerali

akaki wereTeli~.

1990 wlis 21 oqtombers `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ inicia-

tiviTa da kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis winamZRvris, mama

ilarionis, kurTxeviT saingilos qarTvelobam qristianobis aRdgenis

140 wlisTavi idResaswaula. 1850 wels ivane-baba buluRaSvilis

TaosnobiT saingiloSi RvTismsaxureba aRdga. `moambis~ me-3 nomeri

ZiriTadad am faqts eZRvneba. mkiTxveli gaecnoba `ingiloTa simReras~

m. janaSvilis broSuridan _ `ivan-baba buluRaSvilisaTvis Zeglis

aRmarTvis gamo~. ivan-babas Rvawlia Sefasebuli m. nuroSvilis

kvlevaSi `guli ver mokla mtris xelma~ (nuroSvili 1990; WanuyvaZe

1996: 139).2

2 ivane baba buluRaSvili 1801 wels daibada ingilo glexis

ojaxSi. hereTis qarTvel moRvaweTa Soris gamorCeuli moRvawe erovnuli

Tu religiuri devnis winaaRmdeg qristianobis gaZierebaze zrunavda, radgan

qarTveloba da qristianoba (marTlmadidebloba) ganuyoflad miaCnda.

Sesabamisad, is erovnuli moZraobis sulisCamdgmeli iyo.

1850 wlis 5 oqtombers ivane buluRaSvili, giorgi janaSvili, kote

WirRitaSvili, aleqsandre muradaSvili, gabriel asanaSvili, bedir

muradaSvili, dursi almasaSvili, simon xalilaSvili TbilisSi Camovidnen

da mTavarmarTebel mixeil voroncovs ganucxades: `Cven qristianebi varT,

gamogvigzavneT qarTveli mRvdlebi, rom movinaTloT!~ TviTon ki sionis

taZarSi moinaTlnen. giorgi janaSvili monaTla mefisnacvalma m. voroncovma,

misma meuRle elisabedma ki _ ivane buluRaSvili. herebis am jgufma momdevno

wlis 7 aprils 72 kaci (sxva versiiT _ 37 kaci) Camoiyvanes mosanaTlad. am

faqts Tval-yurs adevnebdnen saqarTvelos moRvawenic. ai, ras werda grigol

orbeliani svimon SalikaSvils: `Cveni ingiloebis axali qristianobis ambavi

momwere. ematebian naTliscemiTa? anu SiSi xom ar aqvT? eklesiebi rogor

44

garda saorganizacio sakiTxebis mogvarebisa, `sazogadoebis~

wevrebs pasuxi hqondaT gasacemi adgilobrivTa mxridan sityva

`aRdgenasTan~ dakavSirebiT Seqmnil gaugebrobaze. me-4 nomerSi

daibeWda saredaqcio statia `saidan modis gaugebroba?~ (saredaqcio

1990). rogorc werilidan Cans, misi dawera ganapiroba im faqtma, rom

`mosaxleobis garkveul nawilSi gavrcelda azri, TiTqos

`qristianobis aRdgena~ niSnavdes saerTod gaqristianebas~ (saredaqcio

1990). redaqcias miaCnia, rom amgvari Sexeduleba gaugebrobisa da

uvicobis an gamiznuli dezinformaciis Sedegia. avtorebi oponentebs

`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ Caxedvas urCeven da uTiTeben,

rom swored am literaturiT sargeblobdnen, rodesac sinonimebs

Soris termini `aRdgena~ amjobines `aRorZinebas~. `Tu Cveni arCevani

`aRdgenaze~ SeCerda, mxolod imitom, rom es sityva srulad

gamoxatavs 1850 wlis aqtis mniSvnelobas. ivan-baba istoriaSi

cnobilia, rogorc qristianobis aRmdgeneli. bolos da bolos, misi

saflavis Zeglis warwerac amas gvidasturebs. Cveni gazeTis

mkiTxvelma icis, rom Cven arsad gviTqvams, TiTqos saingiloSi

qristianobas 140 wlis istoria aqvs, piriqiT, istoriuli masalebis

moSveliebiT vamtkicebdiT, rom saingiloSi qristianoba arasdros ar

gamqrala, rom Cveni winaprebis mTelma Taobam Tavi gaswira

qristianobis SesanarCuneblad, magram saeklesio cxovreba iZulebiT

iyo Sewyvetili da mis amoqmedebas swored ivan-babam daudo saTave~

Sesruldnen xatebiTa an wirva-locva xom aris yovelTvis? momikiTxe kidec

Cveni ingiloebi da uTxar, rom nu eSiniaT, aravis davaCagvrinebT!~ hereTSi am

periodidan iwyeba taZrebis aRdgena-restavracia, saydrebis amoqmedeba,

adgilobrivTa sazogado moRvaweoba. kuTxeSi ivan-baba buluRaSvilis saxels

qristianobis aRdgenas ukavSireben, mas siyvaruliT `baba~ Searqves.

1872 wels ivane buluRaSvili gardaicvala. dakrZalulia wm. giorgis

saxelobis moqmedi eklesiis ezoSi mdebare saingilos moRvaweTa panTeonSi.

45

(saredaqcio 1990). redaqciis warmomadgenlebi gazeTis furclebs

uTmoben sawinaaRmdego azris mqoneT, romelTac sakuTari poziciis

dasabuTeba SeuZliaT da mizani _ `sazogadoebisaTvis~ saxelis

gatexva _ ar amoZravebT. avtorebi gmoben kuTxis warsulisa da awmyos

xelovnuri Selamazebis mcdelobas: `marto is rad Rirs, rom ivan-baba

ivan-papad gadaaqcies, aqao da, baba TaTruli saxeliao. Cveni kuTxis

warsuls araviTari Selamazeba ar sWirdeba, sasaxelo da saamayo

Cvens winaprebs isedac bevri saqme ukeTebiaT~ (saredaqcio 1990);

saerTo interesebis dasacavad erTsulovnebis momxreni arian da

urCeven, urTierTdapirispirebis uRirs meTodebs Tavi daanebon.

qristianobis aRdgenis 140 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil dResaswaulSi

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan mowveulma stumrebmac miiRes

monawileoba: Telavis saSen masalaTa sameurneobaTSoriso sawarmos

warmomadgenlebma kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesias Seswires

zari, xolo kaxis sabavSvo baga-baRis aRsazrdelebs sportuli

tansacmeli da inventari gadasces saCuqrad; `sazogadoeba~ madlobas

uxdis yvelas, vinc daxmarebis xeli gauwoda: saqarTvelos wiTeli

jvris sazogadoebas, anCisxatis mgalobelTa gunds, saqarTvelos

televiziis muSakebs, qarTvel poligrafistebs, kaxis Rvinis qarxnis

xelmZRvanelobas, qarTuli kolmeurneobebis Tavmjdomareebs da sxv.

gazeTSi Telavis saSen masalaTa sameurneobaTSoriso sawarmos

koleqtivis werili daibeWda _ `Ria werili baton vazgen

oqrojanaSvils~ (saredaqcio 1991); gazeT `saqarTvelos respublikaSi~

(`dResaswauli~, 6.01.91) am ukanasknelis avtorobiT dabeWdil

publikaciaSi, romelic qristianobis aRdgenis 140 wlisTavs

eZRvneboda, iyo naxsenebi zari da ar iyo naTqvami, Tu romelma

organizaciam Seswira is eklesias. amgvarma umadurobam, Turme,

TelavelTa gulistkivili gamoiwvia. am gamoxmaurebis Semdeg

adgilobrivi azerbaijanulenovani gazeTis `Selales~ qarTulenovan

gverdze (1991, #19) redaqtorma, v. oqrojanaSvilma Secdomis

46

gamosworeba scada, Tumca `moambis~ redaqciisagan SeniSvna daimsaxura

maTi mxridan qarTuli enis upativcemulobis gamo.

miuxedavad amgvari winaaRmdegobebisa, mainc Cndeba survili, rom

aRiniSnos hereTis sazogado moRvaweTa (mixeil yuloSvili, sofio

yuloSvili da sxvaTa) Rvawli.

kuTxeSi kulturis aRorZinebas saTave Teatrma daudo. misi aTi

wlis iubiles exmianeba saingilos qarTveloba. saredaqcio statiaSi

`Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa!~ (saredaqcio 1991) gamokveTilia am keris

mniSvneloba herebis kulturuli TviTmyofadobisaTvis: `am aT

weliwadSi igi gaxda qarTuli kulturis centri, Cvens kuTxeSi

mcxovrebi yoveli qarTvelisaTvis Zvirfasi erovnuli kera. misma

daarsebam erTgvarad gamoafxizla xalxi. gaaxlebuli ltolva gaCnda

qarTuli kulturisaken, qarTuli xelovnebisaken, erovnuli

TviTSegnebis amaRlebisaken~. Teatris sulisCamdgmel anzor

dolenjaSvils emadlierebian da aRniSnaven, rom `mravali

keTilismsurvelis gverdze aranakleb arian xelis SemSlelni da

borotad ganwyobilnic~. avtorebi Teatris warmatebebs a.

dolenjaSvilis saxels ukavSireben da gansakuTrebulad aRniSnaven,

rom dasis gastrolebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi

mniSvnelovania, Tumca kidev ufro umniSvnelovania is, rom Teatrs

`Cveni kuTxis arc erTi qarTuli sofeli ar hyavs uyuradRebod

datovebuli~ (saredaqcio 1991). avtorebi miiCneven, rom belaqanis,

zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebis soflebSi Teatris dasis gasvlebi

urTierTobis xelSemwyobad da ganmamtkiceblad iqceva. im periodSi

msaxiobebma kuTxis qarTvelobas warudgines otia ioselianis `sanam

uremi gadabrundeba~ da daviT awyurelis `berbiWebi~ ingilour

dialeqtze. `Teatrma speqtaklebi aCvena zaqaTalis raionis soflebSi:

aliabadsa da mosulSi, belaqanis raionis sofel iTiTalasa da kaxis

raionis qarTul soflebSi~ (barixaSvili 1990). am raionebs Soris

gaTiSulobis taqtikas mizanmimarTulad mimarTavda adgilobrivi

47

xelisufleba, Tumca Teatrma itvirTa gamaerTianeblis misia: `Tu

raoden mniSvnelovania msgavsi kontaqtebi, TvalnaTliv gviCvena

iTiTalaSi alibeglos Teatris ramodenimejer Camosvlam.

gamoRviZebasa da sazogadoebis gaaqtiurebaSi mniSvnelovani roli

Teatrmac iTamaSa~ (saredaqcio 1991). Teatri gastrolebiT imyofeboda

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod: zestafonSi, WiaTuraSi, quTaisSi,

foTSi, baTumSi, senakSi, xobSi da a. S. mayurebels warudgines axali

speqtakli _ `dialogi~ (yiyiSvili 1990).

Teatris iubiles, _ pirvel rigSi, mis xelmZRvanelsa da kuTxis

qarTvelobas, _ ulocaven sazogadoebis wevrebi, studentebi, kax-

ingilos qarTuli skolis pedkoleqtivi, sof. mosulis saSualo

skola, milocvebs Rebuloben aliabadidanac... studentTa jgufis

werilidan: `gaWirvebasa da wvalebaSi Teatrma aTi weliwadi ganvlo

da TiTqmis arafridan aRmocenda kulturis axali kera Cvens kuTxeSi,

romelic fxizlad darajobs qarTul enas, aRadgens mware istoriul

warsuls da gvamcnobs axals~ (saredaqcio 1991).

wlebis ganmavlobaSi saingilos qarTuli Teatris scenaze daidga

araerTi speqtakli: g. erisTavis `uCinmaCinis qudi~, a. gewaZis `Suaze

gayofili cremli~, a. CxaiZis `Tavisufali Tema~, a. gewaZis `wmindanebi

jojoxeTSi~ da sxv.; Teatris aRiarebis saqmeSi didi wvlili Seitana

speqtaklma `alazans gaRma~.

aqve Cndeba informacia qarTuli Teatrisa da misi reJisoris a.

dolenjaSvilis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebis Sesaxeb. arakeTilmosurneebs

mosvenebas ukargavs kuTxisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone

Teatris arseboba: `albaT gaxsovT Tu rogor cdilobda raionis

xelmZRvanelobis zogierTi warmomadgeneli azerbaijanuli

mosaxleobis TeatrisaTvis dapirispirebas, rac maT Teatris daxurvis

saSualebas miscemda. Cven ar gvsurs pirdapir paralelebis gavleba am

faqtebs Soris, magram bolo xans SeiniSneba Teatrsa da mis

48

reJisorze fsiqologiuri dawolis tendencia. Teatris irgvliv

iqmneba arajansaRi atmosfero~ (saredaqcio 1991).

ufro konkretulad aRniSnuli faqtis Sesaxeb, samwuxarod,

araferia miTiTebuli. avtorebi samarTlianad aRniSnaven: `arc erT

CvenTagans jer kidev ar gaukeTebia im mniSvnelobis da Sedegebis

mqone saqmeebi, rogorc anzor dolenjaSvilma am aTi wlis manZilze

gaakeTa. da amitom vinc miznad isaxavs Teatris reJisorisaTvis

saxelis gatexvas, muSaobisaTvis autaneli pirobebis Seqmnas da

Teatridan mis wasvlas, nebsiT Tu uneblied brma iaraRad gvevlineba

`garkveuli~ organoebis xelSi~ (saredaqcio 1991). avtorebi imasac

aRniSnaven, rom amgvari gamoxtomis ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi

`sazogadoeba amxels da saaSkaraoze gamoitans Teatris winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli kampaniis yvela detals. yvelas da yvelafers davarqmevT

Tavis saxels~ (saredaqcio 1991). werilis avtorebi TiTqos winaswar

grZnoben Teatris momavals... ar malaven, rom `scenaze ar Cans is, Tu

ramdeni brZola, ramdeni problema da winaaRmdegoba xvdebaT~

(saredaqcio 1991). muqaridan isic naTlad Cans, rom sazogadoebis

sityvas kuTxeSi did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen... sazogadoebis wevrebi

kargad acnobierebdnen, rom eTnikuri qarTvelebisaTvis azerbaijanis

respublikaSi gadamrCenis funqcia ekisreboda e.w. kulturul

avtonomias, qarTvelTa TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas.

redaqcias saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs Teatris Senobis problemac da

miuTiTebs, rom `xuTi-eqvsi wlis winaT sofel alibegloSi safuZveli

`Caeyara~ axali kulturis saxlis mSeneblobas, magram dRemde araferi

gakeTebula da arc aravin apirebs samSeneblo samuSaoebis dawyebas~.

a. dolenjaSvilis saxels ukavSirdeba saingiloSi `iliaobis~

dawesebac (1987 wlidan). `iliaoba~ ara marto Cveni saamayo winapris,

ilia WavWavaZis, xsovnisadmi miZRvnili dResaswauli iyo, aramed

saingilos samive raionis _ belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis mkvidr

qarTvelTa erTianobisa da qarTuli sulis zeimic~ (saredaqcio 1990).

49

adgilobrivebis Sefaseba mravlismTqmelia: `im dRidan erTi iseTi

dRec mogvemata weliwadSi, roca qurmuxobisa Tu aRdgomis msgavsad

TiTqmis yvela qarTveli iyris Tavs~ (saredaqcio 1991).

kuTxis arsebobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone iyo, aseve,

SemoqmedebiTi ansamblebis arseboba. `moambe~ exmianeba zaqaTalas

raionSi sofel aliabadSi 1983 wlidan qarTuli xalxuri simReris

gundis, `mercxalis~, arsebobas; ansamblisa, romelic xalxuri

sakravebisa da erovnuli tansacmelis naklebobas uCivis.

kaxis raionis kulturis saxlTan arsebuli vaJTa TviTmoqmedi

ansambli `Svidkaca~ da sofel alaTemuris qarTuli skolis

moswavleTa gundi `ocneba~ im droisaTvis miwveuli iyo TelavSi

gamarTul qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso festivalze;

gazeTi ansambl `Svidkacas~ warmatebuli gamosvlis Sesaxeb iuwyeba

(papiaSvili 1990).

im viTarebaSi, rodesac `Cvenive Tavis motyuebiTa da umoqmedobiT

aRmovCndiT materialuri cxovrebis oromtrialSi, sadac Cven

dagveufla sixarbis, pativmoyvareobis, SiSis grZnoba, sadac Cven

erTmaneTs aRar vendobiT da erTmaneTis imedi ara gvaqvs... saboloo

xsnad saqarTveloSi dasaxlebad miviCnieT da ukeTesi cxovrebis

mizniT davacarieleT qarTuli soflebi... codnis SeZena ar

gvainteresebs, aramed umaRlesi saswavleblis diplomi... cxovrebis

gamocdilebas mivyavarT saSinel samsjavroze, sadac yvelas erTad

daRupva gvelis...~ (suyaSvili 1990).

am mankierebis safuZvlad avtors erovnuli Tavisuflebis

dakargva miaCnia, romlis mopoveba mxolod ganaTlebis, qarTuli

xalxuri Semoqmedebis, qarTuli soflebisa da qristianuli rwmenis

aRorZinebiTaa SesaZlebeli. eTnikuri jgufis kulturuli avtonomiis

sakiTxi, rogorc Cans, am droidan dRis wesrigSia.

`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ iniciativiT kaxSi mimdinareobda

qalTa pirveli saswavleblis aRdgena. redaqcia madlierebiT ixseniebs

50

adamianebs, romlebmac daxmareba gauwies; magaliTad, firuz dukaSvils

`sazogadoebis~ saxelze 300 maneTi gadauricxavs (saredaqcio 1990).

`sazogadoeba~ zrunavs ganaTlebis kerebis amoqmedebisa Tu

Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad. weren sofel aliabadSi qarTuli

sabavSvo baRis gaxsnis Sesaxeb (qronika 1990); imazec, rom mosulSi

internacionaluri skola 1932 wels aSenebul SenobaSia ganTavsebuli;

miuxedavad imisa, rom 1988 wels 504 moswavlisaTvis

gaTvaliswinebuli skola unda aSenebuliyo, 1989-1990 saswavlo

wlisaTvis raionis xelmZRvaneloba saqmis gaWianurebas cdilobs

(saredaqcio 1990).

kaxis raionis sofel alaTemurSi qarTuli skolis 60 wlis

iubile, miuxedavad adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebis

warmomadgenelTa winaaRmdegobisa, aRiniSna. zeimSi monawileobdnen

ansamblebi: `Svidkaca~, `ocneba~, `mercxali~...

mkiTxvelebi gazeTSi ecnobian informacias saintereso faqtis

Sesaxebac: sofel iTiTalas skolaSi saswavlo wlis dawyebasTan

erTad daiwyo gaficvebic... mosaxleoba iTxovda skolis direqtor

mustafaevis gadayenebasa da adgilobrivi kadris daniSvnas. maTi

moTxovna gapirobebuli iyo, pirvel rigSi, im faqtoriT, rom

aRniSnuli pirovneba Sovinisturi saqmianobiTac gamoirCeoda; `soflis

mosaxleobis aseTi gadawyvetilebis sisworesa da aucileblobaze

erTi momxdari faqtic metyvelebs. ama wlis [1990] zafxulSi dagegmili

iyo iTiTaleli moswavleebis eqskursia suramSi, romelic rusTavidan

Camosul megobrebTan erTad unda Catarebuliyo. am RonisZiebas m.

mustafaevi Sexvda `deviziT~ _ arc erTi iTiTaleli bavSvi ar unda

Cavides saqarTveloSi, raTa ar gaqarTveldeso! ukve Tbilisisken

gamgzavrebuli avtobusi gzaSi miliciam da raikomis muSakebma

gaaCeres. mustafaevisagan informirebulni, isinic kategoriulad

moiTxovdnen bavSvebis ukan dabrunebas~ (saredaqcio 1991).

adgilobrivebi aprotestebdnen mustafaevisagan skolis qarTul

51

seqtorze bavSvebis miRebis SezRudvas, qarTuli kulturis akrZalvasa

Tu mraval sxva qmedebas. aRmoCnda, rom arc raionis xelmZRvaneloba

yofila dazRveuli amgvari qmedebebisagan, rasac adasturebs Semdegi

faqti: direqtorad T. TamazaSvilis (warmoSobiT kaxis raionidan)

kandidatura maTTvis sruliad miuRebeli aRmoCnda... `qarTvelia da

skolas gaaqarTvelebso!~ direqtorad airCies adgilobrivi z.

iskanderovi. avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom amiT adgilobrivma

azerbaijanelma Cinovnikebma mahmadiani da qristiani qarTvelebis

dapirispireba scades. ra Tqma unda, axali direqtoris arCeviT

sofelma gaimarjva, magram belaqani-zaqaTalias raionebis gaucxoebas

mkveTri xazi gaesva. respondentebi samarTlianad aRniSnaven: T.

TamazaSvili _ `guli damwyvita movlenaTa zedapirulma Sefasebam da

Cveni qarTvelobis daunaxaobam, religia da erovneba xom erTi da

igive ar aris?! Cven naklebad vicnobT erTmaneTs~ (saredaqcio 1991). z.

iskanderovi pedagogiuri kadrebis naklebobas uCivis, qarTuli

xalxuri simRerebis gundisaTvis iTxovs lotbars; momxrea samive

raionSi kontaqtebis gaRrmavebisa, radgan msgavsi precendetebi _

`TbilisSi Cvens studentebs Soris konfliqturi situaciebi

iqmneboda~ _ aRkveTiliyo. `me ar vadanaSauleb maT, vinc mxolod

pasportSi Canaweris gamo udierad epyrobodnen Cveni soflis

axalgazrdebs, radgan isini Segnebulad ar sCadiodnen amas, aramed ar

icnobdnen Cvens sofels, mis problemebs da Cvens saerTo istorias~ _

ambobs is.

`moambe~ did adgils uTmobs kuTxis qarTvelobis gaerTianebis

sakiTxebs; araerTi statia mieZRvna mahmadiani qarTvelebis erovnuli

TviTidentifikaciis sferoSi Seqmnil problemebs.

mkiTxveli gaecnoba gulistkiviliT aRsavse werilebs _ mustafa

daudovi (daTunaSvili), sof. aliabadidan: `samduravi minda gamovTqva

im ingiloebis mimarT, romlebic SuRls Tesaven ingilo mosaxleobaSi

(aseTebi, Cvenda samwuxarod, saingilos yvela sofelSi arian),

52

romlebic cdiloben muslimi da qristiani qarTvelebis urTierTobis

gauaresebas da ar ician, rom aseTi moqmedebiT mtris wisqvilze

asxamen wyals... arc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi saingilos soflebs

Soris mWidro, Zmuri kavSiri yofila da es friad sasiamovnoc iyo.

Cveni winamorbedni gadmogvcemen, rom erTmaneTis gareSe puris Wamac ki

gvezarebodao. mravali saerTo saqme keTdeboda. kakelis gaWirveba

aliabadelis gaWirveba iyo da piriqiT. ra gasakviria! Cven xom erTi

sisxlisani varT, Cven xom qarTvelebi varT. dRes ki aliabadeli

yovelTvis Tavs aridebs kaxis avtobusiT TbilisSi mgzavrobas. ratom?

imitom, rom Tbilisamde oTxsaaTiani kamaTi imarTeba aliabadelebsa

da kakelebs Soris. avtobusSi ki mogexsenebaT, qarTvelebis garda

lekebic arian, azerbaijanelebic da sxva eris xalxebic. Cven yvelani

maTi dasacini vxdebiT. is, vinc cdilobs urTierTobis gamwvavebas

saingilos am or nawils Soris, pirdapir unda iTqvas, rom CvenTvis

aucilebeli erTobis mteria~ (daudovi 1990).

ikveTeba, rom problema marto Sida xasiaTisa araa. mahmadiani

qarTvelebi samSoblosac gauucxovdnen. fervane samedova, sof.

mosulidan: `saqarTvelo Cveni pirveli saxlia. marTalia, dRes

saqarTvelom farTod gagviRo karebi da mogvca ganaTlebis saSualeba,

magram verc saqarTveloSi vgrZnobT Tavs Tavisuflad, radgan

TaTrebs gveZaxian... mahmadianuri samyaros gavleniT, marTalia, bevri

ram Seicvala, magram winaparTa Tavdadebam Semogvinaxa uZvirfasesi

saunje _ qarTuli ena~ (samedova 1990).

`mose janaSvilis sazogadoeba~ gulisxmierad ekideba saingilos

qarTvelobis gaucxoebis sakiTxs, am problemis aRmofxvras sxvadasxva

RonisZiebebze herebis TavSeyriT cdilobs. exmianeba da izidavs

adgilobriv avtorebs.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis periodSi redaqcia saingilos

qarTvelobis viTarebaSi garkvevas cdilobs, radgan, maTi azriT, es

eTnikuri jgufi politikuri cvlilebebisaTvis moumzadebelad

53

gamoiyureba: `gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saingilos

qarTveloba mTels kavkasiaSi yvelaze naklebad momzadebuli SevxvdiT

mimdinare rTul procesebs da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom arc ufrosi

Taobis inteligencias da arc axalgazrdobas mTlianad ara gvaqvs

gaTviTcnobierebuli im uamravi problemis simwvave, romlebic Tavs

gvaxvevia, da mosalodneli safrTxe, mdgomareoba sagangaSoa. am

mraval problemaTa Soris erT-erTi umTavresi da ZiriTadia

saingilos qarTul soflebs Soris urTierTobis sakiTxi, romelic

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa da romlis gadawyveta-argadawyvetaze

iqneba damokidebuli Cveni momavali. qarTul soflebs Soris TiTqmis

ar arsebobs saerTo qarTuli interesebidan gamomdinare, gaazrebuli

da saerTo azrze dafuZnebuli urTierToba. samagierod, erTmaneTis

mimarT uamravi pretenziebi gagvaCnia. am moments xelisuflebis

garkveuli organoebi mSvenivrad iyeneben da kidev ufro aRrmaveben

soflebs Soris urTierTdapirispirebas~ (nuroSvili 1991). Seqmnil

viTarebaSi problemad erTmaneTis gasaWiris arcodna saxeldeba:

`dRemde TiTqmis ar yofila mcdelobac ki, gavrkveulviyaviT

erTmaneTis problemebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, absoluturad ar vicnobT

erTmaneTs da Tuki raime urTierToba arsebobs, umetes SemTxvevaSi,

arsebobs ugunurebamde dasuli damokidebuleba zaqaTala-belaqanis

qarTvelebisadmi, rac imaTi mxridan kakelebis mimarT srul

undoblobas iwvevs. saerTod ki, orive mxare bundovnad verkveviT Cvens

saerTo istoriaSi~ (nuroSvili 1991). amave publikaciidan irkveva, rom

ara marto belaqani-zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionis soflebia gaTiSuli,

aramed kaxis raionis qarTul soflebs Sorisac SeimCneva amgvari

tendencia. gulistkiviliTaa aRniSnuli is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos

urTierToba saingilosTan mxolod kaxiTa da alibegloTi

Semoifargleba. soflebi erTmaneTs kolmeurneobebiT gamoeyvnen, rac

aSfoTebT erTianobis mosurneT: `Tavisuflad SesaZlebelia gamoyofam

Cveni saerTo erovnuli interesebi Selaxos~ (nuroSvili 1991).

54

arsebobda eWvi, rom qarTul soflebs azerbaijanuls SeuerTebdnen,

Sedegad ki, `es iqneba kax-ingilosa da saerTod yvela qarTuli

soflis ganadgurebisa da gadagvarebis dawyeba~ (nuroSvili 1991). es

wamowyeba, maTi azriT, sxva interesebis matarebeli adamianebisagan

momdinareobs. zogierT respondents sakiTxi socialur problemebamde

dayavs da mxolod qarTuli soflebis gaerTianebis momxrea. am

sakiTxebis mogvareba avtors aucileblad esaxeba, Tumca miaCnia, rom

`urTierTgaTiSvis gamarTleba am e.w. `socialuri problemebis~

mogvarebaze zrunvis sababiT Zalze saxifaTo da sariskoa Cveni

kuTxis qarTvelobisaTvis. garkveuli Zalebi cdiloben Cveni

yuradReba erovnuli problemebidan socialurze gadaitanon da amiT

Camogvacilon qarTuli enis, kulturis, eklesia-monastrebis da sxva

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxebs~ (nuroSvili 1991).

saingilos raionebs Soris xidCatexilobas adgilobrivebi

mtkivneulad ganicdian, samwuxarod, amas erTvis qarTvelebis

daqsaqsuloba, gaTiTokaceba, rac sasikeTo Sedegs ver moutans kuTxes.

avtori TiToeul qarTvels mouwodebs erTianobisaken, radgan `Cven

sxva gza ara gvaqvs, garda erTianobisa!~ (nuroSvili 1991).

`an miwame, an momeSvi~ _ es simwris sityvebi ingilo kacis

bedukuRmarTi cxovrebis anasxletia. vina varT Cven? ratom dagvWirda

am kiTxvis dasma?~ (TofalaSvili 1990). statiis avtori gulistkiviliT

aRniSnavs, rom misaReb gamocdebze upiratesobis uflebiT gamoZaxebul

sportsmenebTan erTad `ingilos~ gagonebaze xalxs es termini

akvirvebs, sportis saxeoba hgoniao. samarTliania avtoris daCivleba:

aq qarTvelebs gveZaxian, saqarTveloSi ki _ TaTarso, amitom Cndeba

pozicia: `roca ucodinari qarTveli kaci TaTars dagiZaxebs, rigiTi

azerbaijaneli moqalaqe _ gurjs Zalauneburad gagiCndeba azri:

vicxovreb yvelgan da yvela pirobebSi, oRond gurjad davrCe~

(TofalaSvili 1990).

55

`moambem~ araerTxel gaaSuqa es sakiTxi, erovnebisa da religiis

gaigiveba ara marto saingilos qarTvelobis problemaa, aramed

zogadad saqarTvlosi, Tumca saingilos qarTvelobisaTvis es sakiTxi

ufro mtkivneulad aRsaqmelia.

`ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba~ _ saingilos qarTvelobis mSobel

xalxTan gamaerTianebeli, amasTan, sxva saxelmwifoSi eTnikuri

umciresobis Semkvrel Zalad iqca. Tavadac aRniSnaven, rom `Cvens

kuTxeSi mcxovrebi xalxis nawils erTiani gvaqvs rogorc ena, ise

mamuli, sarwmunoeba (Tumca Cvens winaprebTan SedarebiT bevrad

sustad), magram unda vaRiaroT, rom daviwyebuli gvaqvs Cvens gverdze

myofi Zmebi, romlebTanac, sarwmunoebisda miuxedavad, gadajaWvuli

varT saerTo eniTa da mamuliT. metic, daviwyebuli ki ara, maTTan

dapirispirebulnic ki varT~ (saredaqcio 1990).

TviTgamorkvevis sakiTxebi gazeTSi xSirad gvxvdeba. avtorebs

miaCniaT, rom qarTveli mahmadianebis `TaTrad~ moxsenieba cudi

Cveulebaa, romelic aucileblad unda Seicvalos, winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi. is bevr qarTvels daakargvinebs saqarTvelos.

mniSvnelovani analogebia moZiebuli aWaris qarTvelobis

magaliTebzec. istoriis qartexilSi saingilos qarTvelobam malulad

qristianobis, erovnuli TviTSegnebis SenarCuneba SeZlo da vinmesgan,

Tundac sakuTari sisxli da xorcisagan, dasayvedri araferi aqvs.

`moambe~ exmianeba belaqan-zaqaTalas qarTvelobis mcdelobas,

aRidginon mamapapiseuli gvar-saxeli. am Temaze daibeWda malxaz

nuroSvilis interviu sofel aliabadis internacionaluri skolis

direqtoris moadgilesTan, murad muradasilovTan. adgilobrivebma

TxovniT mimarTes raionis Sinagan saqmeTa ganyofilebas, aRmaskoms,

respublikis umaRles sabWos, sabWoTa kavSiris umaRles sabWos

(erovnebaTa palata), ra Tqma unda, am iniciativas mowinaaRmdegeni

gamouCndnen. am droisaTvis TviTgamorkvevis mcdeloba 150 adamians

hqonda, Tumca meore ukiduresobis momxrenic gaCndnen _ 1989 wels

56

Catarebuli mosaxleobis aRwerisas bevri `ingilod~ Caewera.

samwuxarod, es faqti ucodinrobis, religiasa da erovnebas Soris

gansxvavebis arcodnis Sedegia. sxvaTa Soris, am wamowyebas dResac

hyavs momxreni, or cuds Soris saukeTeso gamosavlad adgilobrivi

qarTvelis `ingilod~ Cawera rom miaCnia.

redaqcia yuradRebas qristianuli Zeglebis mdgomareobazec

amaxvilebs. gazeTSi Cndeba istoriuli Zeglebis amsaxveli

fotomasala. minawerebidan kargad Cans avtorebis damokidebuleba

xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobis mimarT:

qurmuxis wm. giorgis saydars gumbaTi Camoengra, daamaxinjes

leqarTis wm. ninos saxelobis eklesia (gazeTSi es taZari, ratomRac

RvTismSoblis saxelobis Zeglad aris moxseniebuli), amoSlilia

freskebi, daitaces xatebi, religiuri nivTebi da a.S. vxvdebiT

informaciuli xasiaTis masalebs kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis

eklesiis aRdgenis Taobaze, madlierebiT aris moxseniebuli

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.

swored misi gulmodginebiT es eklesia am istoriul kuTxeSi

erTaderTi moqmedi taZaria; eklesiis winamZRvari mama ilarioni

adgilobriv qarTvelebs qristianulad cxovrebas uqadagebs (mimarTva

1990); moxseniebulia mama dimitris (suxitaSvilis) Rvawli (saredaqcio

1990); adgilobrivi ZeglTa dacvis samsaxuri qurmuxis restavraciiT

dainteresda, redaqciis pozicia ikveTeba, `restavratorebi Tbilisidan

unda iqnen mowveulni~ (saredaqcio 1990); sofel meSabaSis (tyis Tavi)

eklesiis mTavarangelozis saxelobis aRdgeniT kolmeurneoba

dainteresda (saredaqcio 1990). alaTemuris (did bina) samebis eklesiis

aRdgeniT Tavad am soflis mkvidrni dainteresdnen da fulis

Segrovebac dauwyiaT (saredaqcio 1990); sofel yarameSasTan

aRmoCenili patara eklesia dazianebulia da Seswavla-aRdgenas

saWiroebs (saredaqcio 1990).

57

sazogadoeba miesalmeba sofel qoToqloSi adgilobrivebis

wamowyebas, sakuTari saxsrebiT taZari da RvTismsaxureba aRadginon.

skola samebis eklesiis mimdebare teritoriaze auSenebiaT, radgan

sxva sagnebTan erTad saRvTo swavlebasac gadiodnen. nageboba

arasaTanado mdgomareobaSi iyo, rac funqcias ukargavda saydars,

amitom taZris aRdgena soflisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo. avtori

saintereso detalebs gamokveTs, samebis eklesiis adgilas ucnobis

saflavi yofila, rogorc irkveva, eklesiis miwis mflobelis

patronis Svilis; aRmoCenilia taZris diakvanis meuRlis neSti;

diakvani warmoSobiT Telaveli yofila da meuRlis gardacvalebis

Semdeg TelavSi dabrunebula. mimdebare teritoriaze sxva saflavebic

arsebobs, gadmocemiT, aq mxolod eklesiis msaxurebs asaflavebdnen

(abulaSvili 1990). ibeWdeba werili sofel qoToqlos mkvidri vasil

mixeilis Ze babajanaSvilis ierusalimSi (1908 w.) fexiT mogzaurobis

Sesaxeb. is erTaderTi iyo kuTxidan, vinc moiloca wminda ierusalimi.

misi mogzaurobis mTavari mizezi uSviloba yofila. dabrunebis

wlisTavze gardacvlila, dakrZalulia soflis Zvel sasaflaoze.

misi saflavis qvaze amokveTilia: `qoTuqlos eklesiis mnaTe.

gardaicvala 1909 welsa maisis 22-sa; dasaflavda 24-Si, Sobidgan 52

wlisa. mkiTxvelno Sendoba maRirseT~ (babajanaSvili 1990).

aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis Selaxvis faqtebad unda CaiTvalos

Semdegi: Zagemis taZars Secvlili saxelwodebiT, `feribiC-yalad~

moixsenieben. ioseb gamxaraSvili sofel aliabadidan iwereba: gasuli

saukunis 60-iani wlebidan adgilobriv qarTvelebis erovnuli

gamoRviZebis paralelurad, 1971 wels zaqaTalas raionSi

xelisuflebam da ramdenime moRalatem Zagemis taZaris gumbaTi

aafeTqa (gamxaraSvili 1990). miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelosa da

azerbaijanis xelisuflebebi SeTanxmdnen, rom orive respublikas

saSualeba miecema qveynis gareT mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan

kulturuli kontaqtebis damyareba-gaRrmavebisa, religiuri Zeglebis

58

aRdgenisa, sxva saWirboroto sakiTxebis gadawyvetisa. redaqcia am

SeTanxmebisagan Sedegebs elis (saredaqcio 1991).

mkiTxvelebisaTvis religiuri sakiTxebis miwodeba saintereso

tradiciad mkvidrdeba: `wm. mTavarmowame da Zlevamosili giorgi~,

`sarwmunoebis arsi qristianuli msoflmxedvelobiT~ da a.S.

gazeTis gverdebi eTmoba kuTxeSi gavrcelebul legendebsac. mag.,

daibeWda `mzeTunaxavi da oqros mamali.~

gamoqveynebulia masala enobriv sakiTxebze (RambaSiZe 1988;

abaSvili 2009). ibeWdeba maria barixaSvilis kvleva `erTi Tandebulis

gamo~, romelSic saubaria ingilour dialeqtSi SemoWrili

araqarTuli Tandebulis Sesaxeb (inJax/injax//mde). Tu rogor aris

SenarCunebuli qarTuli Tandebuli Secvlili formiT (Tvs/Tun//Tvis),

aseve, gamoiyeneba (be//Tvis); es Tandebuli ucxoa qarTulisaTvis da

SemoWrili unda iyos hereTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxva erovnebis

xalxisagan _ azerbaijanuli, lekuri, uduri, somxuri. avtors be

Tandebuli uduris mixedviT sityva bedis analogad miaCnia

(barixaSvili 1990).

`moambe~ mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis daarsebis inicitiviT

gamodis. mosaxleobaSi sasoflo samuSaoebisas aRmoCenili

eTnografiuli eqsponatebi (keramikuli qoTnebi, jam-WurWeli,

sabrZolo iaraRis natexebi, samkaulis detalebi da a.S.) grovdeba.

saerTo gadawyvetilebiT, muzeumisaTvis gamoinaxa bina, quTaislebis

daxmarebiT SeiZines vitraJebi da stelaJebi, gamoifina eqsponatebi.

Tumca am saqmis iniciatori boris aTamaSvili Senobis Seusabamo

mdgomareobaze saubrobs, mosaxleobisagan aRmoCenili nivTebis,

romlis nawili xmarebaSia, Segrovebasa da misi aRricxvisaTvis

komisiis Seqmnas iTxovs. redaqcia miesalmeba am wamowyebas, magram

muzeumSi saeklesio nivTebis gamofenas ewinaaRmdegebian, radgan

soflis wm. ninos sax. eklesiis aRdgenasa da amoqmedebas uaxloes

momavalSi elian (aTamaSvili 1990).

59

istoriul samSoblosTan da azerbaijanTan mimarTebaSi redaqcia

politkoreqtulia. sakuTari pozicia adgilobriv qarTvelebs

arCevnebTan dakavSirebiTac aqvT. sazogadoebis iniciativiT saxalxo

frontis kandidati qarTul mosaxleobas Sexvda, sazogadoebis

wevrebs miaCniaT, rom maTTan urTierToba dasaxuli gegmebis

ganxorcielebaSi daexmarebaT (nuroSvili 1990).

`moambe~ ZiriTadad exmianeba sakiTxebs, romlebic imdroindel

saingiloSi aqtualuri da kuTxis momavalis ganmsazRvreli iyo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gazeTSi wamoWrilma uklebliv yvela problemam

maleve iCina Tavi. samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmna

SeuZlebelia, radgan sazogadoebaSi ar SeiniSneba saamiso mzaoba. am

mxriv, arsebul viTarebaSi redaqciis mcdeloba fasdaudebelia

(janaSvili 2007).

gazeTi `Selale~ (`CanCqeri~)

1931 wlidan azerbaijanis kaxis raionSi gazeTi `Selale~ gamodis.

azerbaijanulenovani gamocemas axlavs qarTulenovani CanarTi

gverdic, Tumca `gverdi~ gadaWarbebuli naTqvamia, radgan oTxgverdian

periodul organoSi qarTvelebs eTmobaT mxolod e. w. `sxveni~ an

`sardafi~ (monacvleobiT).

2000-2001 ww. gazeT `Selales~ qarTulenovan gverds safrTxe

mxolod imitom daemuqra, rom azerbaijanul mxares kompiuterSi

qarTuli Sriftebi ar hqonda. problema mxolod 2003 wlisTvis

daiZlia. gazeTis qarTul gverds wlebis ganmavlobaSi adgilobrivi

vazgen oqrojanaSvili redaqtorobda (aRsaniSnavia, rom 1921 wlidan

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebisaTvis gamodis oTxgverdiani

azerbaijanuli gazeTi `gurjistani~, ufro adre `sovet gurjistanis~

saxeliT cnobili perioduli gamocema, romelic mSobliur enaze

acnobs azerbaijanul diasporas saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis

problemebs. Redaqtori suleiman suleimanovi iyo).

60

gazeTi `kaxi~

1994 wels `yovelTa qarTvelTa kongresTan~ axalgazrduli

kavSiri `hereTi~ Seiqmna, xolo 2002 w. dekembersa da 2003 w. martSi

TbilisSi kavSir `hereTis~ perioduli organo, sazogadoebriv-

saganmanaTleblo da politikuri gazeTi `kaxi~ gamovida.

mkiTxvel sazogadoebas hqonda molodini, rom gazeTis

furclebze ganixileboda aqtualuri Temebi, saingilos qarTvelebis

ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, Tumca `kaxi~ auditoriis molodins saTanadod

ver pasuxobs. igi mkiTxvels acnobs mose janaSvilis Rvawls,

informacias sofio konWoSvil-yuloSvilis Sesaxeb, aleqsandra

Cxenkelis moTxrobas, ingilour folklors, ra unda CavicvaT axali

wlis Rames, Tovlis papis rCevebs da a.S. (umetesad, rekreaciul

masalas). gazeTi kaxis raionis qarTuli kulturis saxlis aRdgenis

iniciativiT gamodis, redaqtori meore nomris meTaur werilSi

msjelobs urTierTgautanlobisa da gaTiTokacebis winaaRmdeg.

vfiqrobT, redaqciis problema arakvalificiuri kadrebi iyo.

redaqciam ver Semoikriba adgilobrivi korespondentebi, verc

mkiTxvelebi. gazeT `kaxis~ gamocemas, `moambisgan~ gansxvavebiT,

finansuri problemebi ar Sehqmnia, Tumca igi sazogadoebisaTvis

miuRebeli aRmoCnda. gazeTi saingilos qarTvelebSi vrceldeboda.

gazeTi `sarkmeli~

2001 wlis dekembridan warmoSobiT heri Jurnalistis, luiza

lawunaSvilis, iniciativiT TbilisSi gazeTi `sarkmeli~ gamovida. igi

finansdeboda adgilobrivi da saqarTveloSi moRvawe biznesmenebis

mier. miuxedavad amisa, gazeTis perioduloba darRveulia. sul

gamovida xuTi nomeri (2001-2003 ww.). l. lawunaSvilis TqmiT, gazeTSi

saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis aqtualuri sakiTxebi mxolod imis gamo

ver moxvda, rom `sazRvarze presis gadatana ar Seferxebuliyo~. bolo

nomrebSi gazeTi msoflioSi mimobneuli qarTvelebis problemebs

aSuqebda.

61

gazeTi `gzajvaredini~

2004 wels dafuZnda axali arasamTavrebo organizacia `hereTi~.

masSi ZiriTadad gaerTianebulni iyvnen studentebi, romlebic

`yovelTa qarTvelTa kongresTan~ arsebul axalgazrdul kavSir

`hereTs~ gamoeyvnen.

2004 wlis maisSi gazeT `gzajvaredinis~ pirveli da ukanaskneli

nomeri gamovida. masSi saingilos qarTvelebis problemebs (ganaTleba,

kultura...) samiode gverdi eTmoba, danarCeni masala rekreaciuli

xasiaTisaa. `gzajvaredini~ saingilos qarTvelebSi vrceldeboda.

gazeTi gamomcemloba `artanujis~ mxardaWeriT daibeWda.

gazeTi `iavnana~

2004 wlidan gazeT `raeos~ redaqciis mier qveynis yvela kuTxis

perioduli organos gverdiT saingilos gazeTi `iavnanac~ gamoica.

gazeTis perioduloba Tavdapirvelad TveSi erTi nomriT ganisazRvra.

gamocema xelismomwerTa imedze arsebobda. `iavnana~ gazeT `raeos~

redaqciis daxurvis gamo 2005 wels Sewyda. gazeTSi sxvadasxva

perioduli gamocemebidan Zveli publikaciebia gamoqveynebulia, aris

am periodis Tanamedrove movlenebis amsaxveli masalac (mag.: `heruli

sizmrebis kvaldakval~), aseve folklori da qarTvel moRvaweTa

Sromebi.

bolo periodSi saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis internetic gaxda

xelmisawvdomi. SeiniSneba saingilos qarTvelTa gaaqtiureba

eleqtronul mediaSi, socialur qselebSi.

saingilos qarTveli mosaxleoba adgilobrivi masmediidan

qarTulad ramdenimewuTian radiogadacemebsac ismens.

kaxis raionis qarTveloba am ukanasknel wlebSi sazogadoebriv

mauwyebels, telekompania `imedsa~ da `rusTavi 2~-s uyurebs.

adgilobrivTa TqmiT, qarTuli masmediis wyalobiT momavali Taobebi

qarTuli suliskveTebiT izrdebian.

62

paralelisTvis: gazeTi `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~

ukve warsul droSi uwevs saubari gazeT `axali hereTis~

redaqtor aleko alimbaraSvils: `didi survili gvqonda, rom yovel

nomerSi warmogveCina saingilos problematika, magram barierebs

vawydebodiT. sazRvarze gazeTebis gadatana malulad gvixdeboda,

xalxs SiSiT ver vesaubrebodiT, informacia rom dagvewera ise, ro-

gorc iyo, SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. amis miuxedavad, istoriis Sesaxeb

gvqonda masalebi, mokle informaciuli SeniSvnebic, pirvel rigSi,

adgilobrivebis intersebs viTvaliswinebdiT, Jurnalisti modis, isini

ki iq rCebian...~

`axali hereTis~ gamomcemeli ramaz samxaraZe ixsenebs gazeTTan im

ingilo studentebis TanamSomlobas, romlebic lagodexis daviT

aRmaSeneblis saxelobis agrosamrewvelo saswavlo-samecniero

institutSi Rebulobdnen ganaTlebas. swored maTi saSualebiT

igzavneboda saingiloSi gazeTebi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, es axalgazrdebi gazeT `kaxeTis xmis~

lagodexis raionis sainformacio biuros kurireben. agreTve,

regionul radiomauwyeblobas, aseve `hereTs~ (FM 102, 8).

ramaz samxaraZe: `gazeTis da, axla ukve, radios saxelwodeba

`hereTi~ imis mixedviT SeirCa, rom hereTis teritoriaze varT,

vvrceldebiT (radio `hereTi~) dasavleT azerbaijanSi, dRes saingilo

rom hqvia da istoriuli hereTi rom iyo.

radio `hereTi~ 1998 wlidan arsebobs. Tavidan FM 101 diapazonze

viyaviT, saidanac 102,8-ze gadavediT, azerbaijanuli arxebi (`speisi~,

`lideri~) yovelmxriv cdiloben Cvens CaxSobas. 102,8 Tu varT, isini

103-ze arian, rac yovlad dauSeveblia, unda iyos 4 erTeuliT

daSoreba, raTa sixSireebma erTmaneTi ar gadafaros. es sakiTxi

saxelmwifom unda daareguliros. arsebuli SeTanxmeba meore mxaris

mier irRveva. am sakiTxze Cveni kavSirgabmulobis radiomauwyeblobis

maregulirebel organos mivmarTeT, Tumca aqedanac araferi gamovida.

63

marto Cvens regionuli radiomauwyeblobas ki ara SeuSales xeli, iq

Cveni nacionaluri radiomauwyeblobac gadafares. saingilos Temaze

sasaubrod stumrebi xSirad studiaSi mogvyavs. iqaur problemebze

CvenTan reJisori anzor dolenjaSvilic saubrobda~.

saingilos sakiTxebi 2002-2003 wlebis presaSi

(gazeTebi `saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~, Cveni mwerloba~,

`Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~, Jurnali `omega~)

1997-2000 wlebSi poloneli politikosi petre boravski

saqarTveloSi poloneTis despani iyo, man Seiswavla XX saukunis

miwurulis ruseTis politika amierkavkasiis mimarT, agreTve,

saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis aspeqtebi. es

kvleva (`saqarTvelo da kavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis politikuri

aspeqti~) avtorma gamoaqveyna polonur JurnalSi `spravi politiCne~.

Jurnal `omegas~ 2002 wlis oqtombrisa da 2003 wlis martis nomrebSi

daibeWda p. boravskis publikaciis Targmani (mTargmneli _ a.

griSikaSvili), romelSic vkiTxulobT:

`erovnuli moZraobis ganviTarebam da eTnikuri TviTSegnebis

amaRlebam XX saukunis oTxmocdaaTian wlebSi kavkasiis mahmadianur

xalxebSi xeli Seuwyo islamis poziciebis gaZlierebas. am drodan

mahmadianuri religia ukve sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos

arsebiTi nawili xdeba rogorc Siitur azerbaijanSi, ise

Crdilokavkasiis sunitur respublikebSi. Tanadroulad islami

poziciebs imagrebs qristianul saqarTveloSi... Tavisi qveynis

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi garTul

qarTvelebs kavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis procesebi yuradRebis

miRma darCaT... zviad gamsaxurdias politikuri elita moumzadebeli

aRmoCnda iseT rTul geopolitikur viTarebaSi myofi saxelmwifos

gaZRolisaTvis, rogorsac saqarTvelo warmoadgens.

es patara qveyana, romelic mdebareobs regionSi, sadac saukuneTa

ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTs ejaxeboda ara mxolod ruseTis, iranisa da

64

TurqeTis interesebi, aramed xdeboda ganuwyveteli konfrontacia

islamur civilizaciasa da aRmosavleTis qristianobas Soris, ufro

mgrZnobiare unda yofiliyo mis mahmadianur mezobel qveynebSi

mimdinare ambebis mimarT... moskovisgan damoukideblobis

mopovebisaTvis brZolaSi dakavebuli qarTvelebi naklebad iyvnen

dainteresebuli im problemebiT, romlebic Zalze aRelvebdaT

CrdiloeTkavkasiis mahmadianur xalxebs. grZnobdnen ra Tavs

qristianuli samyaros ganuyofel nawilad, qarTvelebi TiTqmis

ugulvebelyofdnen TavianTi sazRvrebis CrdiloeTiTa da aRmosav-

leTiT moZlierebul islams, rogorc mravalma eTnikurteritoriulma

konfliqtma saqarTvelos CrdiloeT sazRvrebTan, ise daZabulma

urTierTobebma ruseTTan aiZula prezident eduard SevardnaZis

xelisufleba SeemuSavebina gonivruli strategia kavkasiis

mahmadianuri xalxebis mimarT~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas ra

informacia aqvs saingilos Sesaxeb. p. boravskis mimoxilvis mixedviT,

`azerbaijanSi ingiloebs, anu rwmenisaken bolo xans Semobrunebulebs

uwodeben gamahmadianebul qarTvelebs, mcxovrebT adrindel zaqaTalis

olqSi, romelic adre Tbilisis guberniaSi Sedioda. es miwebi Zveli

qarTuli kuTxis _ hereTis Semadgeneli nawili gaxldaT. amJamad es

kuTxe, romelic azerbaijans ekuTvnis, warmodgenilia sami _

belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebiT, amrigad, qarTveli

azerbaijanelebi warmoadgenen qarTuli kuTxe hereTis avtoxtonur

mosaxleobas, romelnic XVIII saukuneSi moeqcnen daRestnel

feodalTa batonobis qveS; Semdeg ki, ukve sabWoTa periodSi,

ganicades gaazerbaijaneleba.

1918 wlidan XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde am teritoriaze

antiqarTuli politika tardeboda, romelic damyarebuli iyo

adgilobrivi qarTveli mosaxleobis uxeSi meTodebiT gaazerbaija-

nelebaze, geografiul adgilebisaTvis saxelTa Secvlaze, istoriul

65

ZeglTa ganadgurebaze, iqaur qarTvelTa kulturulsa da ekonomikur

diskreditaciaze am kuTxis qarTveli mahmadianebi bolo xanebamde

yvela aRricxvis siebSi Cawerilebi iyvnen azerbaijanelebad. maT

gvarebs azerbaijanul yaidaze ucvlidnen~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs: `afxazeTisa da `samxreT oseTis~

dakargvis Semdeg saqarTvelos xelisufleba erideba azerbaijanSi

mcxovreb TanamemamuleTa yofaze saubars. miuxedavad qarTuli sazoga-

doebis pretenziebisa azerbaijanuli xelisuflebisadmi _ ar aRkveTs

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis diskriminaciul politikas qarTvelTa

mimarT, azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos Soris oficialuri megobroba

mtkicdeba, am or saxelmwifos aqvs msgavsi eTnikur-teritoriuli

problemebi, ris gamoc iZulebuli arian iTanamSromlon politikur

Tu ekonomikur sferoebSi~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

avtori mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis tendenciebsac amCnevs, roca

acxadebs: `1998-99 wlebSi qarTul-azerbaijanuli urTierTobebis

gaumjobesebis kvalobaze gaumjobesda azerbaijanSi mcxovreb

qarTvelTa mdgomareobac, maT mimarT asimilaciuri tendenciebis

Sesustebis sapasuxod SeimCneva gamahmadianebul qarTvelTa

Semobruneba marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaken~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

es, albaT, naklebad Seesabameba simarTles, gansakuTrebiT, zaqaTalisa

da belaqanis raionebSi, sadac mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben da

mahmadianobas ar Tmoben. kaxis raionSi ki qristiani qarTvelebi mosa-

xleoben. miuxedavad amisa, p. boravskis miaCnia, rom `prezident eduard

SevardnaZis xelisuflebis periodSi yvelaze did warmatebas sagareo

politikis sferoSi unda mieweros urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba mezo-

bel mahmadian xalxebTan; gansxvavebiT misi winamorbedi zviad

gamsaxurdiasagan, SevardnaZes ar eSinia islamis samyaroSi~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

rogorc vxedavT, avtoris kategoriuli SefasebiT saingilos

mdgomareobas ganapirobebs saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis mtkice megob-

66

ruli, ekonomikuri, politikuri aspeqtebi. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

ruseTma ver SeZlo aemoqmedebina mahmadianuri faqtori, romelsac

SeeZlo afxazeTis, `samxreT oseTis~ Ria konfliqtebis gverdiT es

(sxvac _ pankisi, `Turqi mesxebi~), `gayinuli konfliqtebi~ `Ria

konfliqtSi~ gadaezarda. saqarTvelom, romelic TiTqmis yoveli

mxridan SemosazRvrulia mahmadiani xalxebiT, rogorc tolerantulma,

mahmadianebisadmi keTilmezoblurad ganwyobilma qveyanam, SeZlo Seena-

rCunebina maTi pativiscema.

igive avtori ufro adre saubrobda amierkavkasiis mimarT ruseTis

politikaze XX saukunis miwurulSi: `amierkavkasia politikuri da

samxedro TvalsazrisiT ukve ori saukunea, rac ruseTis interesTa

umniSvnelovanes sferodaa miCneuli... ruseTma gadawyvita am qveynebSi

politikur-ekonomikuri cxovrebis destabilizaciis gamowveva, am gziT

surda eCvenebina, rom mxolod Zlier, centralizebul saxelmwifos

SeuZlia ssrk-is daSlis Semdeg aq warmoSobili qaosis daTrgunva...

eTnikur-teritoriulma winaaRmdegobebma da konfliqtebma, romlebic

amierkavkasiaSi arsebobda meoce saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi da

romelTagan zogierTi bolSevikebma `daakonserves~, zogierTi ki

piriqiT, kidev ufro gaamwvaves, rTuli formiT wamoyves Tavi sabWoTa

kavSiris daSlis Semdeg... saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis

mopovebis Semdeg mis teritoriaze ramdenime cxeli wertili

warmoiSva. samwuxarod, ori maTgani (qarTul-osuri da afxazeTi) male

SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi gadaizarda _ politikur mimoxilvaSi

cxaddeba, rom sabWoTa ruseTisaTvis qarTuli eTnosi Tavisi

dinamizmiT, sococxlisunarianobiT, maRali inteleqtualuri

potencialis wyalobiTa da, amasTan, damoukideblobis gamZafrebuli

moTxovnilebiT metad saSiS Zalas warmoadgenda. amis gamo

centraluri xelisufleba qarTvelTa mimarT atarebda politikas,

romelic mimarTuli iyo am qveyanaSi mcxovrebi sxva erebis

gasaZlireblad qarTvelTa xarjze. uZveles qarTul miwaze

67

farTovdeboda somexTa, osTa, rusTa da azerbaijanelTa dasaxlebebic

ki, aTasgvari sababiT asaxlebdnen qveynis gareT qarTvel mahmadianebs

anda cdilobdnen maT gaazerbaijanelebas~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50;

igulisxmeba ingiloTa bedi). ruseTi interesdeba kavkasiis zogierTi

provinciiT, rac aZlevs SesaZleblobas ruseTis modificirebuli

imperiis Sesaqmnelad. sinamdvileSi ruseTi ver daeyrdnoba `sust~

eTnoumciresobas, rogorsac e. w. `ingiloebi~ warmoadgenen. avtori

rus publicistebs iSveliebs da acxadebs: `ruseTis damokidebuleba

yofil mokavSire respublikebsa Tu erovnuli moZraobebisadmi

sruliad gasxvavebulia. es, upirveles yovlisa, iqidan gamomdinareobs,

Tu ra konkretuli sargebloba aqvs ruseTs TiToeuli am respublikis

an moZraobisagan da ramdenad emorCileba TiToeuli maTgani moskovis

xelisuflebas~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). rus politologTa koncefciis

mixedviT, ruseTis interesebSi Sedis kavkasiis eTnikurad daxleCa, ris

Semdegadac SesaZlebeli gaxdeba kavkasiis Sesvla ruseTis

saxelmwifos proteqtoratis qveS.

samwuxarod, eTnikuri daxleCiT ar Semoifargleba azerbaijanis

xelisufleba da aSkarad avlens asimilaciis tendenciebs: `1959 wels

saingiloSi mcxovreb oci aTas qarTvels CamoarTves pasportebi da

xuTi Tvis Semdeg kvlav daubrunes, oRond azerbaijanuli gvarebiT.

amis Semdeg azerbaijanis komunisturi xelisufleba iqaur qarTvelebs

ingiloebad anu `axalmoqceulebad~ (qarTulenovan Turqmenul tomad)

moixseniebda~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). istoriuli samarTlianobis

aRdgenis mcdelobaSi monawile saqarTvelos parlamentis deputati,

mwerali revaz miSvelaZe acxadebs, rom xuTiode wlis win, roca

saqarTveloSi Camosvlas apirebda heidar alievi, SoTa niSnianiZes,

rezo CxeiZes, levan sanikiZesa da mas gvar-saxelis aRdgenis sakiTxis

prezidentebis doneze gadawyvita mouTxoviaT, Tumca maSin megobari

qveynis prezidents ar awyenines. axla baqoSi saqarTvelos

parlamentis delegaciiT, romelsac nino burjanaZe xelmZRvanelobda,

68

rezo miSvelaZe swored am problemaze sasaubrod Cadis, `imitom

gadavwyvite am delegaciis wevroba, rom alievTan Sexvedrisas es

mtkivnuli sakiTxi wamomeWra~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Sexvedrisas

heidar alievs uRiarebia, rom ormoci wlis winaT sabWoTa

azerbaijanSi didi usamarTloba moxda: `aseTiO ram pirvelad mesmis

da mikvirs, Cemamde es sakiTxi ratom ar aRwevdao~ (yuloSvili 2004:

25-50). gaica Sesabamisi gankargulebebi, Tumca zaqaTala-belaqanis

raionebis mkvidri, amJamad Tsu-s studentebi, romelTac survili

gamoTqves gvaris aRdgenisa, uariT gamoistumres. r. miSvelaZis TqmiT:

`miuxedavad heidar alievis mcdelobisa, albaT, zogierT nacionalist

Cinovniks sxva miznebi aqvs da ingiloebisTvis qarTuli gvarebis

dabrunebis winaaRmdegia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). mwerals saWirod

miaCnda, rom saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebTan, masmediis

warmomadgenlebTan, sazogado moRvaweebTan erTad Casuliyo

saingiloSi, Sexvedroda sapasporto samsaxuris TanamSromlebs;

maTTvis gaecno alievTan Sexvedris videoCanaweri, agreTve,

saxelmwifoTaSorisi komisiis gadawyvetileba da eTxova, rom

procesisiTvis xeli ar SeeSalaT.

mwerali nugzar SataiZe hereTis istoriis mimoxilvis Semdeg

ixsenebs TurqeTSi mcxovrebi vinme mamed-emin qaias (yofili makariZis)

naTqvams: `gaumarjos qristian saqarTveloso~ devinaxe dawerili, Cuen

ras gvebneviT, TurqieSi milion qarTuelsa, saqarTvelo Cueni arena

iyo?! es ar gamodis karga! Cueni ra bralia, rome muslimi

gavmxdarvarT, maSin dros moutania muslimoba Cueni ZuelebisaTvis,

Cuen ra vqnaT axla?~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

politikur faqtors religiuri dapirispireba amZafrebs. rogorc

iTqva, zaqaTalasa da belaqanSi mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben,

xolo kaxis raionSi _ qristiani-marTlmadideblebi. religiur fonze

Sida eTnikuri dapirispireba mZafrdeba, amas erTvis isic, rom

mahmadiani qarTvelebi azerbaijanul gvar-saxels atareben (maTi

69

nawilis dauRalavi mcdelobis miuxedavad, mama-papiseuli gvaris

aRdgenas ver axerxeben). `kaki kidev Zvelad Tavisufali yofila,

yovelive xarjisa da gadasaxadisagan ganTavisuflebuli, radgan misi

mcxovrebni yaraulis _ darajis rols asrulebdnen. sofeli qurmuxis

viwro xeobaSia SeWrili, saidanac gza daResatanSi gadadis, amitom

kakelni darajad idgnen, rom ar SemoeSvaT, gza ar miecaT

saqarTvelos asaklebad wamosul lekTa urdoebisaTvis. saqarTvelos

mefeni did pativs scemednen maT, anebivrebdnen da asaCuqrebdnen, raTa

kargad da muyaiTad aesrulebinaT TavianTi movaleoba. am

ganebivrebisagan warmosdga maTi siamaye, Tavisuflebismoyvareoba da

Seupovroba. sruliad winaaRmdegs warmoadgenen elisenis (aliabadis)

ingiloebi; yvelaferSi etyobaT, rom winaT lekTa batonobas maTze

didi daRi dausvams~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom

`ingilours sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs qarTuli enis

mravalricxovan dialeqtTa Soris. ingilouri or kilokavad iyofa:

kakurad da aliabadurad. kakuri ingiloelTa umravlesobis salapa-

rako kolokavia, masze metyvelebs ingiloebiT dasaxlebuli 10

sofeli kaxis raionSi. aliabaduri ki mahmadianuri ingiloebis

metyvelebaa. eseni ZiriTadad Zveli Warisa anu amJamindeli zaqaTalis

raionSi Semavali soflis _ aliabadis mkvidrni arian~ (yuloSvili

2004: 25-50).

mematianeTa TqmiT, saingilos teritoria mofenilia marTlmadi-

debluri eklesiis nangrevebiT (adamia 1979). `mkvlevarni amtkiceben,

rom eklesia-saydrebis nangrevTa naSTebi da maTi kvali saqarTvelos

arc erT mxareSi ise uxvad ar iZebneba, rogorc saingilos

teritoriaze~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

Sida dapirispirebis garda, erovnuli umciresoba religiuri

problemebiTac upirispirdeba azerbaijanis dominant mosaxleobas. am

faqts warmoaCens gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~: `saingiloSi

giorgobis dResaswaulze qurmuxis saydarSi misvliT adgilobrivma

70

molam `marxva gatexa~, Tumca moqalaqeobrivi vali moixada da

`politikuri naRmi~ kidev erTi muWa miwiT daasamara. swored `oruj

bairami~ aRmoCnda mizezi imisa, rom wleuls wina aTwleulebTan

SedarebiT qurmuxis momlocvelTa Soris albanuri fesvebis maZiebel

azerbaijanelTa simcire SeiniSneboda~. avtori avtoritetebs

iSveliebs _ mariam lorTqifaniZe, akademikosi: `istoriuli hereTis,

dRevandeli saingilos teritoriis mcire nawili garkveulwilad

albaneTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. aq jer arabebi movidnen, Semdeg

Turq-selCukebi dasaxldnen, Semdeg gardatexis xanaa... albaneTi

TandaTan mahmadianur qveynad iqca. albaneTi _ es kavkasiuri

warmoSobis, qristiani, sakuTari damwerlobis mqone eri gamahmadianda...

moxda asimilacia. saingiloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi istoriuli

albaneTis uSualo Camomavlebi arian Tu im Turq-selCukebis, romle-

bic movidnen da dasaxldnen, veravin ityvis. mahmadianebi rom modian

qristianul taZarSi, es SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom saqarTvelos

istoriaSi xSiria SemTxveva, roca qarTveli mefeebi

marTlmadideblur Zeglebs Zveli warmarTuli salocavebis adgilas

aSenebdnen. dgas qristianuli eklesia, veravin idavebs imaze, rom

qurmuxis saydari marTlmadidebluri ar aris!~

zurab ekalaZe, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis pedagogi: `XV

saukunidan ruseTTan SeerTebamde, erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis

Semdeg, kaxeTis samefos dros oTxi eparqia arsebobda: rusTavis,

bodbis, alaverdisa da nekrisis, ukanaskneli alazans gaRma mxares

moicavda~.

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg qveynis avtokefaliac

gauqmda. 1917-18 wlebSi damoukideblobasTan erTad avtokefaliac

aRdga. 1921 wels, gasabWoebis Semdeg, saingilo saqarTvelos

Camoaciles. miuxedavad amisa, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is, ZalisxmeviT iqauri

eklesiebi sapatriaqos daqvemdebarebaSia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

71

zemoxsenebuli publikaciis avtori gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs, rom

adgilobrivi media cdilobs qurmuxis qristianuli taZari,

qarTvelebisa da qristianobis simbolo saingiloSi, aq kompaqturad

Casaxlebuli azerbaijanelebisa da aborigeni qarTvelobis saerTo

salocavad gamoacxados. publikaciaSi citirebulia gazeT `Selales~

qarTulenovani redaqciis anonimuri statia _ `locvis dRe kaxSi~ (1998

w.), romelSic aRniSnuli tendencia naTlad vlindeba. erovnuli

intersebidan gamomdinare, avtori mkiTxvelTa yuradRebas amaxvilebs

im saSiSroebaze, rom adgilobrivi xelisuflebis CagonebiT qristi-

anuli dResaswauli (giorgoba) male SeiZleba saxalxo zeimad iqces.

dafiqsirebulia adgilobrivTa SeSfoTebac: `erT dros aq ubralo

xalxi amodioda, axla ki adgilobrivi xelisufleba Tavad aris

dainteresebuli, rom mRvdlis gverdiT molac amovides. sagaloblebs

ki naRra-zurnis xma aRSobdes~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). konfliqti

yofiTi situaciebidanac SeiZleba warmosdges, erT-erTi respondenti

eWvobs, azerbaijanelTa daintereseba marTlmadidebluri ZegliT

Zveli qristianobis anarekli iyos...~ avtori, iqidan gamomdinare, rom

es xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli sapatriarqos garda azerbaijanis ZeglTa

dacvis komitetsac eqvemdebareba orive uwyebas am eklesiis amoqme-

debisaken mouwodebs, amisaTvis saqmeSi saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis

komitetis CarTvasac moiTxovs da problemis mogvarebac ase esaxeba.

saingilos qarTvelebs am 6-7 wlis winaT ukrZalavdnen kidec

qurmuxis saydarSi misvlas, axla es nebadarTulia, Tumca `Сейчас они

уже могут посещать ее, хотя из всего количества посетителей грузины

составляют примерно 10%. Этот факт здесь комментируют по разному.

Некоторые считают, что азербаиджанцев в церковь специально привозят на

автобусах, чтобы они численно превосходили грузин, а иные говорят – пусть

мусульмане, если они верят в чудодейственную силу этой церкви, молятся с

христианами~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

72

`kavkasiur saxlSi~ ingiloTa xvedrze mogvianebiT saubrobdnen.

Sexvedris amsaxvel publikaciaSi respondentis am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebuli guliswyroma amovikiTxeT: `Жители Эрети для сохранения

родного языка и веры предпочитают оставить свои родные места и переселиться

в Грузию. Мы хотели поддерживать дружеские отношения с Азербайджаном

однако дружба не должна быть односторонней. Нельзя попирать чужие права, в

том числе и право на свободу вероисповедания~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

erT-erTi avtori saingiloSi qristianobis malulad SenarCunebis

tradiciebze saubrobs da Tanamedrove analogs saqarTvelos istoriis

swavlebaSic amCnevs: `Tanamgzavri imasac SemogCivlebs, rom qarTvel

bavSvebs mSobliuri eris istorias aRar acnoben, im fakultaturi

saaTebis xarjzec ki, romelic imis SiSiT gaauqmes gasul wels, rom

pedagogebi gakveTilze istoriis gamyalbeblad ar eqceT?!...

ingiloebic Zvels xerxs mimarTaven, isini saqarTvelos istorias

malulad ecnobian!... ai, Turme saidan icis mosaubrem Tavisi kuTxisa

da eris Sesaxeb... magram megzurobas ver gagiwevs is, vinc istoriis

qartexilSi sakuTari saxeli da gvari daiviwya... Turme, istoriis

saxelmZRvaneloebis gatana sastikad akrZalulia. bunebrivia, ar surT

erovnuli marcvali gaaRvivon azerbaijanSi darCenil qarTvelTa

Soris~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

ganaTlebis sakiTxebze saubars bevrgan wavawydiT. saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo kancelariis erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis ganyofilebis

referent lado aslamazaSvilis gancxadebiT, `Грузия в 2002 году

выделила 30 тыс. лари для приобретения учебников для соплеменников за

рубежом, из них – 20 тыс. для школьников Саингило. Для грузинского населения

Саингило ежегодно выделяется лимит – 70 мест в ВУЗ-ах Грузии~ (yuloSvili

2004: 25-50). aborigen qarTvelebs saingiloSi cxovrebis sanacvlod

gaazerbaijanelebas sTxoven: `И сегодня нам говорят, что если мы хотим

жить в этом районе то должны стать азербайджанцами. Во многих деревнях

грузинский язык знают лишь те, кому за пятьдесят. Впрочем, в грузинских деревнях

73

пока еще существуют грузинские школы, но и они на грани закрытия... В годы

советской власти, когда в Грузии было 164 азербайджанских школ, никогда не

ставился вопрос о закрытии грузинских школ в Азербайждане к сожалению, политика

направлена на то, чтобы мусульмане-грузины забыли и свой родной язык~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze arsebobs 12 skola,

romlebSic qarTul enaze mimdinareobs swavleba: zaqaTalis raioni _

4 (oTxive Sereuli); belaqanis raioni _ 1 (Sereuli) da kaxis raioni _

7 (erTi Sereuli da erTi cxraklasiani). `kavkasiur saxlSi~

saingilos warmomadgenelTa Sexvedrisas gairkva, rom `В грузинских

школах Кахского района с октября прошлого года а в Закатала и Белаканы – уже

многие годы не преподаются история и география Грузии даже на факультативном

порядке~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). amis mizezad saxeldeba is, rom amier-

kavkasiis umciresobebs (saqarTveloSi arsebul ukrainul skolaSic

ki) ar aswavlian mSobliur istorias, es iwvevs adgilobrivTa

guliswyromas: `Педагог Кахской первой средней школы Эмзар Сукашвили с

горечью отметил, что грузины в Саингило стали неким балансирующим механизмом

азербайжданцев, компактно проживающих в Грузии, в Квемо Картли, в действи-

тельности, представители обеих наций оказываются в проигрыше~ (yuloSvili

2004: 25-50). am faqts exmianeba mweral naira gelaSvilis mogoneba:

`Выражение – Кавказ наш общий дом - принадлежит прекрасному азербайджанскому

учено-тюркологу, литератору Айдину Мамедову. В 1990 году Айдин Мамедов

руководивший центром переводчиков Азербайджана, встретился в Тбилиси с

делегацией Армении. Естественно, вопрос коснулся Карабахской проблемы. Тогда

прозвучало соображение, что к несчастью, у народов кавказа нет общей идей, без

которой нацилнальное движение окажется ложным и гибельным. Кавказ стал

полигоном военных маневров и для его спасения народы, населяющие его, должны

объявить мораторий на всякий территориальные притязания друг к другу, хотя бы на

10-15 лет! За это время страны Кавказа окрепнут экономически и может быть, не

захотят уже воевать~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). saqarTveloSi mosaxle

azerbaijanelTa problemebze msjelobisas 1989 wels aidin mamedovi

74

acxadebda: `Если азербайджанцы совершают что-либо такое, что будет против

Грузии, то... я, в свою очередь, позабочусь о жителях Саингило...~ aidin mamedovs

parlamentarobisas prezidentobis kandidatadac ganixilavdnen, Tumca

amgvari liberaluri gamosvlebi ar awyobda azerbaijanis xelisuf-

lebas da amis Semdeg aidin mamedovi gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daiRupa...

orive eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqtebuli

Sereuli komisia didi xania arsebobs, swored mas evaleba ganaTlebis,

kerZod, mSobliuri istoriisa da geografiis swavlebis sakiTxis

mogvareba: `Специальная комиссия, созданная из ученых обеих стран с целью

избавить учебники истории от фальсификсции, бездействует из-за отсутствия

финансирования~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom, saxelmZ-

Rvanelos gadatanisas ori saxelmwifos sazRvarze problema Cndeba:

`Четыре года назад на Азербайджанской таможне возникли проблемы в связи с

перевозкой 10 тысяч учебников грузинского языка. Были отобраны учебники истории

и атлас Грузии. Перевезти позволили лишь небольшую часть груза~ (yuloSvili

2004: 25-50). samwuxarod, misi miznmimarTulad ganawileba xelovnurad

ferxdeba: `Проблемой является и то, что финансируемое из бюджета Грузии

снабжение школьников Саингило учебниками из Грузии не достигает цели, так как

учебники, доставленные на места «распределяются» представителями местных властей

по их усмотрению~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). arasamTavrobo seqtoris

warmomadgenelma zaur xalilovma, avtoris TqmiT, racionaluri wina-

dadeba SesTavaza mesazRvreTa TviTnebobiT gulmosul saingilos

warmomadgenels: `Если на границе даже и у официальных представителей

возникают проблемы, почему вы не ставите эту проблему более масштабно, тем более,

что Азербайджан стал членом совета Европы и, соответственно, обязан защищать

права человека~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

saingiloSi Casulebs qarTuli skolis monaxulebisaTvis sWir-

debaT adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebidan nebarTva. avtorebi

xSirad gamoTqvamen gulistkivils, rom `direqtoris saxeze sixarulis

nacvlad SeSfoebas vkiTxulobT. mogvanebiT amis mizezsac vigebT. Tu

75

skolis SenobaSi romelime qarTveli cekvas anda simReras gabedavs,

igi samsaxurs daemSvidobeba. qalbatoni naTela (skolis direqtori)

madlobasac ki agresiulad gveubneba da ZrwoliT uyurebs Cvens

Tanmxleb maspinZlebs. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, qarTul skolaSi

qarTuli hangebi mainc gaisma. ingilo vaJkacebma cdunebas ver

gauZles, naCuqar sakravebze Camohkres da qarTulad SemosZaxes,

mravalJamierma azerbaijanel CinovnikTa saxeze nervic ki ar aatoka.

qarTuli skolis dirqtors ki erTi suli hqonda, iqaurobas gavclo-

diT~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

amgvar problemas waawyda ia merkvilaZec: `Оказалось, что местные

власти не в восторге от того, что наша делегация в 30 человек посетит грузинскую

школу~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebis

xelmZRvanelis Tanxmobis Semdeg isini Sexvdnen skolis moswavleebs,

romelTa Txovna gulis siRrmes swvdeba: `Пожалуйста, привозите грузинские

книги, игрушек нам не нужно, мы уже большие~.

saingilos mkvidri Temur alievi, _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedi-

cino universitetis mexuTekurseli, _ `saqwignis~ mier gamarTul wig-

nebis bazrobaze yoveldRe cxaddeba: `jer wigns gadausvams xels,

TiTqos eferebao, Semdeg yidulobs, Caixutebs da midis~ (yuloSvili

2004: 25-50). aseTi damokidebuleba iman ganapiroba, rom saingilo

qarTuli wignebiT arasdros yofila ganebivrebuli. amitom arc is

aris gasakviri, ingilo studenti xSirad rom stumrobs Camofasebuli

wignebis bazrobas. gazeTis saiubileo nomerSi aRniSnuli masala

imitomac moxvda, rom saingilos problemebs araerTxel gamoxmaurebia

da iqaurebis siyvarulic daumsaxurebia _ `kargi iqneboda, Tqveni

gazeTi saingiloSic vrceldebodeso~... (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

Cven ukve visaubreT termin `ingilos~ Sesaxeb, Tumca ganxilul

masalebSi xSirad saubroben am sakiTxze da gverds verc Cven avuvliT:

`Ингило~ _ означает принявший другую веру~, am publikaciaSi respondentis

guliswyroma amovikiTxeT: `Сами грузины называют нас ингилойцами, как будто

76

все хотят забыть, что там живут грузины, число которых в трёх районах Эрети

(Кахском, Закатальском и Белаканском) составляет более 32 тыс. человек~... sxvagan

_ `Ингило~, по-арабски «Хенгилоус», означает обращенных в веру – но мы не

обращены! Мы грузины – Эретцы. Начиная с Шаха Аббаса, нас вынуждали поменять

веру, пытали, но мы выстояли. Сейчас нас никто не беспокоит, но... лет 10 назад

наше село называлось – «Кахкартвели» – «Кахгрузинское», но власти поменяли ему

название. Сейчас оно называется «Кахингило»~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

eTnografiuli saxelebis Secvla ra mosatania imasTan, rac

qarTvelTa gamuslimebas erTvis _ gaazerbaijaneleba. `megzurobas ver

gagiwevs is, vinc istoriis qartexilSi sakuTari saxeli da gvari

daiviwya... dilaobiT, roca minareTeli soflis bolos locvas

aRavlens, soflis Tavs `mravalJamieri~ avsebs... uneburad

ufskrulebis siRrmis sazomad nasroli kenWi gagondeba, aq rom jiS-

jilagis, sisxlis yivilis mravalJamierad axmianda da zogierT

raionSi (zaqaTala, belaqani) eqosac aRar iZleva erebis gaTqvefa-

Sesisxlxorcebis gamo...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). qarTuli gvaris

aRdgenis sakiTxi metad aqtualuri sakiTxia, Tumca am Temaze presa

ratomRac dums. es sakiTxi Cvens xelT arsebul publikaciebs Soris

mxolod erTgan amovikiTxeT: `Грузины, проживающие в Закатала-Белаканы

массово носящие азербайджанские фамилии, говорили о предоставлении им

возможности востановить грузинские фамилии. Несмотря на вмешательство

законодательных органов Грузии, этот вопрос еще не может решиться положительно.

Местные власти в этом районе пытаются держать местное грузинское население в

полной изоляции от грузинских делегаций, приезжающих в регион, а также от

населения Кахского района, в большей степени сохранившего свою этническую

идентичность. Художественный ргрузинского народного театра в связи с этим заявил:

«Раньше эта проблема не существовала... она принесена временем и ее решение мы

должны искать в самих себе~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom adgilobriv qarTvelebs

mkafiod gamoxatuli erovnuli interesebi gaaCniaT da nebismier

77

gadakrul sityvasac gamoxmaurebiT pasuxoben. amis TvalsaCino

magaliTia `muxis foToli~, romelSic avtori mxatvruli elementebis

moSveliebiT exmianeba nugzar SataiZis publikacias. `mxolod am

sityvebis gamoc... magram saingilo da venaxi?! saingiloSi Turme

dResac wuraven yurZens da `dedas purebsac~ acxoben, iqaur haerSi

isev qarTuli surneli trialebs~ _ avtori eWvs gamohyavs

mdgomareobidan da epigrafad iSveliebs reza xuciSvilis, fereidneli

qarTvelis, sityvebs: _ `mijobs iranSi gurji miwodon, vidre

saqarTveloSi TaTari~ _ yvelaze kargad gamoxatavs mdgomareobas

sityvebi: _ `venaxeb binazec goqonda aCexes qarTulTan siaxlovis

gamo... Tambaqos plantaciebi gaaSenes... qarTulTan Seugueblobis gamo...

axla maT adgilas simindis Walebia.. axalmoxnulze miwidan vazis

jiRa Tu amovardes aravis ukvirs, radgan yvelam icis, Cveneburmac,

araCveneburmac, sakuTar gulSi yvelas uTqvams: `qarTuli fesvebis

siZlieres droc ver gastexs...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

saingiloSi dRis wesriSi dgas kulturuli avtonimiis sakiTxi.

orive saxelmwifos mcdeloba am sferos aRorZinebisa qvedadinebebis

gamo ver xorcieldeba: `stumrad myofma ministrebma SarSan kaxSi

kulturis centri da ingilo moRvawis mose janaSvilis memorialuri

dafac gaxsnes... simbolurad. samomavlod gadaido mose janaSvilis

saxl-muzeumis gaxsna, axali qarTuli gazeTis gamocema... axali

qarTuli gazeTi ki ara, azerbaijanul enaze gamomavali gazeTis

`Selales~ erTi qarTulenovani gverdic moispo. kaxis kulturis

centrs erTi dRec ar umuSavia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). mogvianebiT

saqarTvelos kulturis saministros iniciativiT mxatvruli

literatura, saingiloSi arsebuli ansamblebisTvis musikaluri

sakravebi, kaxis raionis kulturis centrisaTvis ramdenime ferweruli

tilo Caitanes am uwyebis warmomadgenlebma. kulturis centris ufunq-

ciobis ramdenime mizezi arsebobs. `sasurvelia, azerbaijanis

kulturis saministrom mas sami Stati mainc gamouyos~ _ gia

78

cqitiSvili, kulturis minitris moadgile adgilobriv azerbaijanel

Cinovnikebs axsenebs, rom 1996 wels daarsebuli azerbaijanis

kulturis centri saqarTveloSi warmatebiT funqciobs. xaim mamedovma

mSvidad moismina gia cqitiSvilis sityvebi da saTqmeli ramdenime

winadadebiT gamoxata _ ver dageTanxmebiT, TiTqos kaxis raionis

qarTuli kulturis centri usaqmod iyos, Tumca, arc imas uarvyofT,

rom Cvens daxmarebas saWiroeben. ufro mTavari, albaT, is aris, rom

xels ar vuSliT. uwinaresad, yvelaferze ori qveynis kulturis

ministrebi unda SeTanxmdnen da Semdeg koordinirebas Tavad gavuwevT~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

kulturis centrs miRma rCeba qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da

saeklesio galobis ansambli `lazare~, romelsac Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikis fakultetmaOumaspinZla.

aRniSnul movlenas sami publikacia exmianeba. `koncerts, romelic

Jurnalistikis fakultetisa da ingiloTa ansamblis `lazares~

erToblivi ZalebiT gaimarTa, mayurebeli namdvilad ar mohklebia;

koncertma yvela damswres esTetikuri siamovnebis garda, samSoblos

`gasakvirveli gancdac~ daubruna da amiTac aRmoCnda es dRe

mniSvnelovani, rogorc stumrebisaTvis, aseve maspinZlebisaTvis, Tumca

am SemTxvevaSi am stumar-maspinZlobam qarTvelebisaTvis raRaciT Cveu-

ls gadaaWarba, Tundac imitom, rom ingiloebs mxolod stumrebs ver

davarqmevT, isini istoriul samSobloSi _ saqarTveloSi marTavdnen

TavianT pirvel koncerts, pirvels, radgan ansambls `lazares~ da

patara mocekvaveebsac Tsu-s Junalistikis fakultetis TaosnobiTa da

xelSewyobiT eRirsaT didi koncertis gamarTva saqarTveloSi... ansam-

blis wevrebi madlierebas ver faravdnen im adamianTa mimarT,

romelTac `hereTobis~ ase kargad organizebaSi TavianTi wvlili

Seitanes da am madlierebasTan erTad _ SeZlebulma pirovnebebma iqneb

erTxel daafinanson Cveni ansamblio _ esec iTxoves ingiloebma~

avtors miaCnia, rom amgvari qvelmoqmdebiT ara mxolod materi-

79

alur problemas mougvareben ingiloTa erT-erT ansambls, aramed

saSviliSvilo tradiciasac daudeben saTaves.

am faqts `Кавказский Акцент~-Sic exmianebian publikaciiT `Воскре-

щение Лазаря!~, romelSic naTqvamia: `В ансамбле «Лазаре» непрофессионалов

больше, чем профессионалов. Его значение для сохранения грузинского этноса в

негрузинском окружении трудно переоценить, так как грузинская народная песня,

известная во всем мире, как уникальное явление, отражающее дух народа, является

незаменимой для выполнения этой задачи~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

ansamblis Seqmnis istorias gvamcnobs da dedaqalaqSi maTi morigi

stumrobis Sesaxeb gviyveba TaTia baliaSvili: `mravali aTeuli wlis

ganmavlobaSi saingilos qarTuli xalxuri simReris madli aklda.

saqarTvelodan mxolod iSviaTad stumrad Casuli ansamblebi Tu

umRerebdnen qarTul simReras danatrebulebs. Tavadac mRerodnen aqa-

iq yurmokruls, zogjer kargad, xSirad ki damaxinjebulad... 1987

wels kaxis raionis sofel kakSi (oficialurad `kaxingilo~) ori

axalgazrda, gia kalandaZe da daviT SuRliaSvili, Cavida, iq

adgilobriv mkvidrTagan xalxuri simReris gundi `Svidkaca~

Camoayaliba, aswavla ramdenime simRera da erT weliwadSi datova

saingilo. cota xans kidev iarseba uxelmZRvanelod darCenilma

`Svidkacam~ da bolos daiSala... 2001 wlis 23 noembers kakis mkvid-

rma, sergo zaqariaZis saxelobis kultsaganmanaTleblo saswav-

leblis kursdamTavrebulma, zura tartaraSvilma Sekriba yofili

`Svidkacas~ ramdenime wevri da xalxuri simRerebis ansambli `la-

zare~ Seqmna~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

ansamblis morigi maspinZloba TavisTavze aiRo Tbilisis meriis

kulturis samsaxurma da firmam `hermesi plusi~. al. griboedovis

saxelobis saxelmwifo rusuli dramatuli Teatris samxatvro

xelmZRvanelma avTo varsimaSvilma gunds koncertis gasamarTavad

usasyidlod dauTmo Teatris darbazi. Jurnalisti sayvedurs

80

gamoTqvams _ darbazi sanaxevrodac ar Seivso imis gamo, rom

organizatorebma reklamaze ar izrunes.

avtori saubrobs im problemazec, romelic `lazares~ ganviTa-

rebas aferxebs: `mas sarepeticio Senobac ki ar gaaCnia. saqarTvelosa

da azerbaijanis kulturis saministroebis mier ori wlis winaT kakSi

`gaxsnili~ kulturis centris cariel SenobaSic, romelsac dRemde

klite adevs, ratomRac ver gamoinaxa am gundisaTvis erTi oTaxi.

amitom ansamblis wevrebi erTmaneTis ojaxebSi, xSirad ki, Ria cis

qveS atareben repeticias. gunds saerTo seni, `ufulobac~ awuxebs,

momRerlebs Coxa-axaluxebic ara aqvT (Tumca, am koncertis dRes

`hermesi plusis~ prezidentma gia nucubiZem scenaze ganacxada,

seqtembrisaTvis ansamblis yvela wevrs erovnuli samosi eqnebao!)~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

avtors imeds unergavs is, rom `lazares~ wevrebi hereTSi, Tundac

Ria cis qveS, qarTul simReras mRerian.

ansamblis erT-erTma xelmZRvanelma, emzar suyaSvilma, mogvi-

anebiT `kavkasiur saxlSi~ gamarTul seminarze miuTiTa: `В отличие от

театра, имеющего возможность знакомить со своим творчеством лишь

незначительную часть населения, их ансамбль знакомит с грузинской полифонической

музыкой и местным фольклорным материалом 99% населения. Единственным путем

спасения этнической самобытности населения он считает культурно-

просветительскую деятельность~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

amave Sexvedraze saingilos qarTuli Teatris samxatvro

xelmZRvanelma, dito barixaSvilma, ganacxada: `Хотя театр лишен

элементарных условий для творческой работы, мы востановим старый репертуар,

создадим новые спектакли~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). soso bakuraZe, Teatr-

studia `hereTis~ xelmZRvaneli, adgilobriv niWier axalgazrdebs

eZebs dasis Sesavsebad: `Он помогает местным авторам в создании пьес,

отражающих местную проблематику. Он собирается также показать скетчи,

поставленные в театре на азербайджанском языке, и в других районах Азербайджана,

81

что по его мнению, будет способствовать интеграции местных грузин в общество

страны~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

Teatris Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT cnobebs gvawvdis Jurnali

`omega~. publikaciaSi Teatris istoriaa moTxrobili: `saingilos

qarTuli Teatri, romelic reJisorma anzor dolenjaSvilma oci

wlis winaT daaarsa, amas winaT daxurvis piradac ki aRmoCnda, im

ubralo mizeziT, rom ori saxelwodebis mqone erT SemoqmedebiT

koleqtivs orxelisuflebianobis pirobebSi uwevda muSaoba. Tavdapir-

velad anzor dolenjaSvili dramatul dass xelmZRvanelobda,

romelsac 1985 wlidan azerbaijanis kulturis saministrom saxalxo

Teatris statusi mianiWa, gamoyo reJisorisa da samxatvro

xelmZRvanelis Stati da wlebis ganmavlobaSi afinansebda kidec. oTxi

wlis Semdeg ki, saxalxo Teatris bazaze saqarTvelom, materialuri

mxardaWeris mizniT, Teatr-studia `hereTi~ Seqmna, orsaxelian dass

Teatris sulisCamdgmeli _ anzor dolenjaSvili xelmZRvanelobda,

sanam fulis gaflangvis braldebiT ar CamoaSorebdnen. `Teatrma unda

iarsebos! Cven daRupvis ufleba ara gvaqvs!~ _ erTsulovani iyo dasi,

romlis wevrebsac Segnebul-gaTviTcnobierebuli hqondaT misi

erovnuli mniSvneloba saingiloSi. dapirispirebas iwvevda ori

xelmZRvaneli: saqarTvelos kulturis saministrosagan mivlinebuli

leonti SioSvili da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier daniSnuli

naili ToflaSvili. am sakiTxze maT Teatris oci wlis iubilesTan

dakavSirebiT saingiloSi Casul saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis

kulturis ministrebs, sesili gogiberiZesa da folad bulbuloRlis

mimarTes, TbilisSic Camovidnen da sakiTxis saxelmwifoebriv doneze

gadawyvetis nacvlad ori Tvis saguldagulo SerCevisa da dasis

survilis gaTvaliswinebiT Teatr-studia `hereTis~ samxatvro

xelmZRvanelad domenti barixaSvili daniSnes, Tumca orxelisufle-

bianoba amiT ver aRmoifxvra anu problema problemad darCa~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

82

amis miuxedavad, reJisorma dito barixaSvilma premiera warudgina

mayurebels _ edgar pos `doqtor papaCatis valsi~. premieram

wamatebiT Caiara. kulturis ministris moadgilem, g. cqitiSvilma,

saministros dramatuli Teatrebis sammarTvelos ufrosma z.

oikaSvilma da Teatris axalma direqtorma s. bakuraZem msaxiobebsL v.

malumaSvils, g. SioSvils, b. WaWaSvilsa da S. emraSvils Rirsebis

ordenebi gadasces, rac SemoqmedebiTi stimulia adgilobrivebisaTvis.

amasTan, avtori Teatris (kulturis saxlis) dabzarul kedlebze,

naxevradamortizebul iatakze saubrobs da saqarTveloSi qvelmoqmed

adamianebs daxmarebisaTvis mimarTavs. sxvaTa Soris, avtori is guliko

mamulaSvilia, romelic saingiloSi qarTuli dramatuli dasis

daarsebis dRidan misi gulSematkivari da Tanamdomia.

ufro adre ki, Teatris oci wlis iubilisadmi miZRvnil

publikaciaSi avtori nino kikilaSvili-maCabeli a. dolenjiSvilis

avtoritetis reabilitaciaze saubrobs...

a. xoravas saxelobis msaxiobis saxlma saingilos Teatrs

umaspinZla, warmodgenili iyo edgar pos `doqtor papaCatis valsi~ da

vl. maliaginis `mama arseni~. `saingilos qarTuli Teatris Camosvlis

mizani aris is, rom qarTvelma mayurebelma kidev erTxel gaixsenos

alibeglos Teatris arseboba~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50) _ ganacxada

Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanelma d. barixaSvilma.

mogvianebiT alibeglos ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis TeatrSi

daidga qarTveli mwerlis, profesionali diplomatis, azerbaijanSi

saqarTvelos saelCos mrCevlis, gela dumbaZis piesa `Ramis stumari~.

reJisorma d. barixaSvilma dasTan erTad piesis maRalprofesiul

doneze dadgma SeZlo. amaze metyvelebda Tbilisidan Casuli

stumrebis, raionuli administraciis xelmZRvanelobisa da adgi-

lobrivi mosaxleobis gulwrfeli mowoneba. dadgma gamoirCeoda

musikaluri da mxatvruli gaformebiT.

83

gela dumbaZis piesa nariman alievma Targmna da azerbaijanel

mkiTxvels gazeT `eni azerbaijanis~ (`mTeli azerbaijani~)

furclebidan gaacno, igegmeba piesis dadgma baqos erT-erT TeatrSi.

gazeT `Cveni mwerlobis~ informaciiT, zurab gumberiZem, azerbaijanSi

saqarTvelos elCma, misasalmebeli sityvis Semdeg dass saelCos

saxeliT videomagnitofoni usaxsovra (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

TeatrSi amJamad arsebul mdgomareobaze da a. dolenjaSvilis

gauaresebul janmrTelobaze presa dums, Tumca Jurnal `omegas~

redaqcia cdilobs reJisoris moralur reabilitacias. rogorc

avtori aRniSnavs, janmrTelobaSeryeuli reJisori avadmyofobis

Semdeg pirvelad saubrobs saingilos qarTul Teatrze: `xan iRimis,

xan sibraze ukrTis TvalebSi... TiToeuli bgeras sinanuli axlavs,

magram saTqmels mainc ambobs~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). interviu-

CanaxatiT avtors surs, mkiTxvels gaacnos a. dolenjaSvilis Rvawli...

interviudan isic irkveva, rom a. dolenjaSvili, sanam saingiloSi

Teatrs daaarsebda, ukve icnobda am istoriul kuTxes: `Cemi TvaliT

minaxavs imdroindeli saingilo, romelic Zalian gansxvavdeba

dRevandelisagan. upirveles yovlisa adamianebi Seicvalnen. buneba xom

Seicvala da Seicvala, gaCanagda, ganadgurda... TiTqos iqauri

adamianic ufro dakninda, samwuxarod... TiTqos dabeCavda, SiSis

grZnoba gauCnda... raRacas Seegua iqauri qarTveli... maSin ase iyo...

cota sxvanairi siTamame da siamaye hqondaT. albaT, drom moitana...~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Teatris sulisCamdgmels diplomantebis _ mzia

mWedliSvilisa da manana kvirkvelias mier saingiloSi gamarTuli

speqtaklebis Semdeg gayinuli wertilidan daZruli saqmis SeCereba

dauSveblad miaCnda, gacnobierebuli hqonda, Tuki qarTuli Teatri

sWirdeboda vinmes, upirveles yovlisa, iq, saingiloSi, sWirdebodaT,

sadac ukve arsebobda garkveuli safuZveli, pedagogebi, adgilobrivi

scenismoyvareni komunistebis dros koncertebs awyobdnen, razec

damyarda Teatri. reJisori ixsnebs, rom aqcenti metyvelebis daxvewasa

84

da literaturuli qarTuliT saubarze keTdeboda. Tavidan dasis

wevrobis msurveli bevri aRmoCnda, rasac a. dolenjaSvili ase

ixsnebs: `SerCeva gvixdeboda. ramdenime wlis Semdeg, CemTvis

gamoviTvale, daaxloebiT 150-200 kacs hqonda miRebuli monawileoba

Cems speqtaklebSi am patara sofelSi. ra damaviwyebs, repeticiebs rom

vatarebdi, soflis birJebi carieldeboda da mTeli parteri, romelic

daaxloebiT 250 kacs itevs, ivseboda...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

adgilobrivi xelisuflebisagan daSinebuli mosaxleoba SiSobda,

Teatris gamo agvyrian mama-papis miwidano da isev Teatris

mesaZirkvles urCevdnen wasvlas. man ki gaaTkecebulad ganagrZo

muSaoba. `Cvens Teatrs politikur Teatrad ixseniebdnen, aris

simarTlis marcvali am naTqvamSi, Teatri, TavisTavad ukve politikaa!

mTeli aqcenti gadavitane moqalaqeobrivi poziciis gamokveTaze da

Camoyalibebaze... calke gviwevda muSaoba, rom xalxamde misuliyo

Teatri. erTbaSad ar uRiarebiaT adgilobrivebs, SiSiT, sifrTxiliT

ekidebodnen yovel nabijs, amitom TiToeuli msaxiobis miyvana

TeatrSi da masTan muSaoba garkveul winaaRmdegobebTan iyo dakavSi-

rebuli. zogi araseriozulad uyurebda saerTod am saqmes, mere da

mere RmerTis wyalobiT amaRldnen Teatramde. xelisuflebis

aRiarebas sazogadoebis aRiarebac mohyva~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

anzor dolenjaSvilis TqmiT, qarTvelic da azerbaijanelic Casaf-

rebulebi iyvnen, amitom uxdebodaT TamaSi... `es iyo TamaSi, sruli am

sityvis mniSvnelobiT, TamaSi didi gaxelebiT!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

Jurnalisti ixsenebs, rom mayurebelma a. dolenjaSvili gaicno

ara marto rogorc reJisori, aramed piesis avtori da msaxiobic ki...

magaliTad mohyavs speqtaklebi `alazans aqeT~, `iyideba saqarTvelo

anu nu gaTaTrdebi!~ da svams kiTxvas: `specifikuri~ Teatraluri

gamocdilebiT xom ar daiStampeT?! razec reJisori pasuxobs: `paTosi

iyo mTavari, patriotuli paTosi, Torem es sul ar miSlida xels,

rom repertuari mravalferovani yofiliyo~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

85

a. dolenjaSvilma Teatris ganviTarebis saqmeSi adgilobrivi

mayureblis rolic gamokveTa da gaixsena scena speqtaklidan `alazans

aqeT~, romelSic stalinis portreti Tofis gasrolaze vardeba. amas

mosdevs daCoqili xalxis fexze wamodgoma, `wamiyvanes, maCvenes

stalinis Zegli, kulturis saxlis ezoSi rom dgas: `ai, azerbaijane-

lebi rom gamoivlian, quds uxdian da `salam ioldaS stalin!~ ase

esalmebian. Cveni siamaye da Rirsebao~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Jurna-

listi respondentTan erTad ixsenebs aRniSnul speqtakls, sadac

simarTle mZafrad iyo naTqvami, ris gamoc aikrZala kidec.

samwuxarod, Teatris ukve yofil xelmZRvanels TxuTmetkaciani

dasis gaxleCis ambebi misdis. gamosavlad esaxeba is, rom Teatrs

azerbaijanis xelisuflebam saxelmwifo statusi mianiWos. amisaTvis

ki aq azerbaijanuli saxelmwifo Teatri unda gaixsnas. iyo kidec amis

mcdeloba, romelsac saTaveSi Tavad anzori edga. `Cems drosac iyo...

yovelTvis undodaT, rom dasi gaxleCiliyo, me amas maqsimalurad

vakontrolebdi. saqme iqamde misula, rom xelCarTuli Cxubic

mogvsvlia... kbilebiT vicavdi Teatrs!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

adgilobrivTa umaduroba gulistkiviliT aRniSna reJisorma da

Teatridan Tavisi wamosvla erovnuli saqmis araerovnulTan WidilSi

damarcxebiT axsna. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo kancelariis Cinovnikebis

mier `daTxovil~ reJisors Semcvlelis miyvanac ar acales, Tumca

misi sulieri gatexa mainc ver SeZles: `yvelaferi droebiTia! Cemi

avadmyofobac... gaivlis, rac me mWirs... ufro mniSvnelovani maqvs

gasakeTebeli... iqauroba RvTis anabarad ar unda darCes!... axlandeli

reJisori _ domenti barixaSvili _ yvelafers iRonebs... me mis gverdiT

var, sxvaTa Soris, dRemde Teatris konsultantad viTvlebi~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). reJisori publikaciaSi madlobas uxdis

yvelas, vinc patriotul saqmeSi exmareboda da iqve aRniSnavs: `raa

samadlobeli? Tu SegiZlia qveynisTvis unda gaakeTo kidec!~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Teatris beds yvelas abarebs, adgilobrivebs,

86

yvelas, umaRlesi eSelonebidan, dasis wevrebs axsenebs ra SemarTebiT,

enTuziazmiT, siyvaruliT, erTianobiT iyo dasi `alaznis aqeT~-Si

rogor TamaSobdnen. ra fics sdebdnen, ra teqstebi hqondaT da urCevs

dRevandel Teatrs am kuTxiT Sexedon... gasawiri Tu vinme iyo, es me

viyavi.... es moxda... aseTi Secdoma aRar unda ganmeordes... yvelam

kargad viwvnieT, es Secdoma vimyofinoT!~ interviuSi Jurnalisti

saingiloSi anzor dolenjaSvilis mier dawesebul `iliaobis~

akrZalvazec saubrobs (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

Jurnali `omega~ mkiTxvels saingilos qarTvelebis tradiciebis

Sesaxeb awvdis informacias _ `qorwineba saingiloSi~: `dasaniSn vaJs

da gasaTxovar qals daniSvnis Sesaxeb ded-mama aras hkiTxavda.

mSoblebi Svils sabedos TviTon urCevdnen. qal-vaJni, ramdenime xnis

ganmavlobaSi verc ki ityodnen Tavisi daniSvnis Sesaxeb. rogorc

mTel saqarTveloSi, ise saingiloSic qorwili imarTeboda Semod-

gomaze, es ukavSirdeboda sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebis damTavrebas.

naTesavebs qorwineba erTmaneTSi ekrZalebodaT (rac ar SeimCneva

saingilos teritoriaze mcxovreb sxva erovnebebSi). ikrZaleboda

qorwineba sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebTan, ramac xeli Seuwyo, rom

ingiloebma sufTad SeinarCunes qarTuli ena 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi~

(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). qorwinebis Sesaxeb masalebi Jurnalits sofel

aliabadis mcxovreblebma _ Sansi musaevma, fatima huseinovma, CiCaqa

yubanovma miawodes, xolo bavSvis dabadebisa da aRzrdis wesebis

Sesaxeb masala man Tavad moiZia mecnieruli kvlevebSi. detaluri

informacia saingilos qarTvelebis tradiciebis Sesaxeb kidev ufro

daainteresebs qarTvel sazogadoebas am istoriuli kuTxiT.

saintereso paraleli iqna gavlebuli nino qurmuxelis CanaxatSi

`saingilodan tao-klarjeTamde da... Semdeg~, romelSic moTxrobilia

tao-klarjeTSi mogzaurobisa da im gancdebis Sesaxeb, romlebic

mogzaurobas axlda. avtori aRniSnavs: `dRevandeli saqarTvelo

gveviwrova da Zveli, daviTisdroindeli movikiTxeT. saqarTvelos

87

Semovla, samSobloSi mxrebis gaSla istoriuli hereTiT daviwyeT,

gza bagratovanTa samSobloSi _ tao-klarjeTSi _ ganvagrZeT... axla

afxazeTi migvelis... axla samaCablo gvadardebs... erTi cxadia, qvani

RaRadeben!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

zemoT ganxilul problemebs exmianeba `kavkasiuri saxlis~

xelmZRvaneli n. gelaSvili: `Проблемы, подобные существующии в Саингило,

существуют и по всей Грузии, для их разрешения необходимо самому населению

прилагать больше усилий, а также развивать связи между жителями Саингило и

Грузии на уровне народной дипломатии~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). `kavkasiuri

saxlis~ xelmZRvanelis moadgile, mixeil beroSvili ki acxadebs:

`Большинство проблем, существующих в Саингило, должни разрешать местные

жители, это, однако, не исключает того, что они должны обсуждаться и дальнейшем.

Все должно служить делу создания мирного Кавказа~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).

aseTia 2002-2003 ww. Cven mier SerCeul presiaSi gaSuqebuli

saingilos problematika. vfiqrobT, media sakmao informacias awvdis

qarTvel sazogadoebas saingilos Sesaxeb, Tumca isic unda iTqvas,

rom bevri saTqmeli garkveuli faqtorebis gamo miCumaTebulia.

amrigad, Cven mier ganxiluli perioduli gamocemebi

(`saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~ da misi literaturuli

danarTi `Cveni mwerloba~, `Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~, Jurnali

`omega~) aSuqebs saingilos qarTvelobis problemebs, Tumca mcdeloba

imisa, rom `arc mwvadi dawvan da arc Samfuri~, mainc SesamCnevia.

ori qveynis megobrobasa Tu ekonomikur interesebSi politikosebs

erTgvar damabalansebel Zalad rCebaT saingilos aborigeni

qarTvelebi Tu qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi. maTi

mdgomareoba ki orive qveyanaSi arsebuli demokratiis xarisxiT

ganisazRvreba.

presaSi sakmaod naTlad ikveTeba sferoebi, sadac herebs

problemebi gaaCniaT, Tumca ar Cans JurnalistTa mier dasaxuli gzebi

maTi mogvarebisaTvis. es ar ZaluZT adgilobriv Jurnalistebsac,

88

romlebic sagazeToO saqmianobaSi arian CarTulni, rac kuTxis

momavals rTulad warmoaCens.

89

nawili II

TurqeTis saqarTvelo

istoriuli eqskursi

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TurqeTi erT-erTi

pirveli qveyana iyo, romelmac Cveni qveynis suvereniteti aRiara.

saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis respublikebs Soris srulmasStabian

xelSekrulebas 1992 wels moewera xeli, romlis safuZvelzec megobar

qveynebs Soris urTierToba gaRrmavda kulturis, ganaTlebisa da

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxva sferoebSi.

ramdenime faqti istoriidan:

`sityva `muhajiri~ arabulia da qarTulad niSnavs emigrants,

gadaxvewils, samSoblodan wasuls. gamoTqma `muhajiri qarTveli~

Cvens enaSi mkvidrddeba me-19 saukunis bolo meoTxedSi saqarTvelodan

TurqeTSi sacxovreblad gadasaxlebuli qarTvelebis aRsaniSnavad.

TviT muhajiri qarTvelebi ki Tavisianebs `Cveneburs~ eZaxian.

muhajirobas sakmaod rTuli istoria aqvs. pirvelad igi daiwyo

mesxeTSi 1828-29 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis damTavrebis Semdeg,

roca mesxeTi daubrunda saqarTvelos. muhajirobam farTo xasiaTi

miiRo 1877-78 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis momdevno wlebSi. rogorc

cnobilia, berlinis kongresis gadawyvetilebiT adre osmaleTis

imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi myof gamuslimebul mosaxleobas mieca

arCevanis ufleba _ SeeZlo mieRo ruseTis qveSevrdomoba an

osmaleTSi gadasaxlebuliyo. ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris 1879 wlis

27 ianvars stambolSi dadebuli traqtatis Tanaxmad, muhajirobis

oficialuri vadac ki iqna dawesebuli _ 1879 wlis 3 Tebervlidan 1882

wlis 3 Tebervlamde, Tumca gadasaxlebis dro Semdeg 1884 wlamde iqna

gagrZelebuli. es procesi momdevno wlebSic ar Sewyvetila.

faqtobrivad, igi spontanurad 1921 wlamde xdeboda.

muhajiroba qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi iyo erT-erTi umZimesi

tragedia. arc erT Semosevas, arc erT dampyrobels ar miuyenebia

90

aseTi zarali istoriuli zemo qarTlis (samcxe-saaTabagos)

kuTxeebisaTvis, rac muhajirobam moutana. ZirZveli qarTuli miwa

daicala mosaxleobisagan. TiTqmis dacarielda kola, artaani,

SavSeTi, klarjeTi, livana, murRuli, maWaxeli, tao, aWara, qobuleTi.

dacarielebul soflebSi gaCanagda meurneoba, bevri soflis

saxsenebeli samudamod waiSala. saarqivo cnobebis mixedviT, 1879 wlis

gasaxlebis Semdeg qobuleTSi ori aTasi mcxovrebidan xuTasamde

darCa, xolo maxlobeli soflebi sruliad gaveranda da gapartaxda.

iyo soflebi, sadac arc erTi suli aRar darCenila. mag., kvirike _

qobuleTSi, arsenauli _ qedaSi, ereguna _ murRuliSi... (futkaraZe

1993: 24); `muhajirobis Sedegad gadasaxlebulTa raodenobis Sesaxeb

zusti cnobebi ar aris Semonaxuli. 1891-1893 wlebSi am dazaralebul

mxareebSi mogzaurobis dros samSoblodan gadaxvewilTa raodenobis

Sesaxeb cnobebs agrovebda cnobili sazogado moRvawe zaqaria

WiWinaZe. am cnobebis mixedviT, ar aris sofeli, saidanac wasuli ar

iyos 5-10 komli mainc, mozrdili soflebidan ki 40-50-100 komli, mag.,

alambridan wasula asi komli, xucubnidan da wyavrokidan _

ormocdaaT-ormocdaaTi komli, daba Caqvidan _ ormoci komli.

saerTod, qobuleTidan gadasaxlebula SvidiaTas komlze meti. merisis

TemSi Svidasi komli yofila, aqedan eqvsasi komli gadasaxlebula da

mxolod asi komli darCenila. zeda da qveda aWaras am wlebSi

daukargavs oTxi aTas komlze meti. zaqaria WiWinaZes gadasxlebulTa

raodenobis Sesaxeb cnobebi miuRia agreTve baTumis mufTis hasan

efendi gverdaZisagan, romlis mixedviT, osmaleTSi wasulTa saerTo

raodenoba milionamde yofila~ (futkaraZe 1993 : 26).

`muhajiroba (arab. `muhajereT~ _ gadasaxleba), kavkasiis mkvidri

mosaxleobis ZiriTadad iZulebiTi gadasaxleba TurqeTis imperiaSi

XIX saukuneSi, dakavSirebuli iyo kavkasiis omebTan (samxedro

moqmedebaTa wyeba, romelic mefis ruseTma kavkasiis dasamorCileblad

XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi Caatara). ruseTis xelisuflebas surda

91

daumorCilebel kavkasiel mTielTa TurqeTSi gadasaxlebiT mieRwia

politikuri simSvidisaTvis am mxareSi, gaTavisuflebuli miwebi

farTo kolonizaciisaTvis gamoeyenebina, esargebla mxaris

xelsayreli strategiuli mdebareobiT~ (xorava 2004: 24).

`1918 wels saqarTvelom damoukidebloba gamoacxada, amiT

isargebla TurqeTma da qveynis teritoriebis okupacia moaxdina.

Camoyalibebis procesSi myofma saqarTvelos demokratiulma

respublikam dasawyisSi garkveulwilad scno TurqTa pretenziebi.

pirvel msoflio omSi germaniisa da misi mokavSiris osmaleTis

damarcxebam saqarTvelos mTavrobas SesaZlebloba misca dakarguli

teritoriebi SemoeerTebina. 1919 wels saqarTvelom SeierTa jer

CrdiloeT artaani, Semdeg am provinciis samxreT nawilic.

mimdinareobda diplomatiuri muSaoba arTvinisa da taos olqebis

SemoerTebisaTvis. am teritoriaze xelisuflebis adgilobrivi

organoebis formireba warmoebda. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos

respublika sabWoTa ruseTma daipyro da uari ganacxada samxreT da

samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriebze. 1921 wlis 13 oqtombris

moskovisa da yarsis SeTanxmebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

teritoriis miRma darCa yofili baTumis olqis samxreTi nawili _

maWaxela, borCxa da makriali (936 kv. km), arTvinis olqi (3339 kv. km),

artaanis (ardaganis) olqi (focxovis ubanTan erTad 5725 kv. km), taos

anu olTisis olqi (3051 kv. km). am CamonaTvalSi ar Sedis lazeTi, es

teritoria, marTalia, qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, magram igi didi

xnis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi aRar Sedioda.

XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi msoflioSi arsebuli politikuri

situacia sabWoTa ruseTs aiZulebda aseT daTmobebze wasuliyo,

magram meore msoflio omis Semdeg axali wesrigi damyarda, romelSic

sabWoTa kavSiri dominirebul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. ioseb stalinma

daiviwya 1921 wlis xelSekrulebebi da TurqeT-saqarTvelosa da

TurqeT-somxeTis sazRvris gamijvnis usamarTlobaze alaparakda. 1945

92

wels sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobisagan saerTaSoriso molaparakebebze

pirvelad `TurqeTis saqarTvelos~ SemoerTebis sakiTxi potsdamis

konferenciaze daisva. msoflio diplomatia aqtiurad amoqmedda

sabWoTa kavSiris winaaRmdeg. ioseb stalini iZulebuli gaxda

TurqeTisadmi sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriul pretenziaze uari eTqva.

1953 wlis 30 maiss sabWoTa kavSiris xelisuflebam oficialurad

mimarTa TurqeTis respublikis mTavrobas, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom

keTilmezobluri urTierTobis SenarCunebisa da mSvidobis

ganmtkicebis mizniT uars ambobs TurqeTisadmi Tavis teritoriul

pretenziebze (samuSia 2003: 15);

1992 wlis 30 ivliss ankaraSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris,

eduard SevardnaZisa da TurqeTis prezidentis, suleiman demirelis

mier xelmoweril megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezobluri

urTierTobis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebaSi sazRvris demarkaciis sakiTxi

yarsis 1921 wlis xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvra. amasTanave, mxareebma

aRiares sazRvris xelSeuxeblobis principi. mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom

ar dauSveben TavianT teritoriebze meore mxarisadmi mtrulad

ganwyobili Zalebis, politikuri jgufebis saqmianobas.

TurqeTis respublikaSi qarTuli warmomavlobis moqalaqeTa

raodenobis Sesaxeb zusti monacemebi ar moipoveba. saqme isaa, rom

qveynis arcerTi erovnebis moqalaqe eTnikuri mikuTvnilobiT ar

fiqsirdeba da mxolod `Turqad~ moixsenieba. XX saukunis II naxevarSi

qveynis Sida migraciis mizeziT, safuZvlianad Seicvala istoriuli

provinciebis demografiuli suraTic. mkvlevrebis TqmiT, TurqeTSi

mcxovrebi qarTvelebis raodenobrivi maCvenebeli lamis saqarTvelos

mosaxleobas utoldeba.

mkvlevrebi TurqeTis qarTvelebs gurjebad da lazebad

moixsenieben. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 2002 wels, mas Semdeg, rac

saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma ramdenime aTeuli wlis win

gauqmebuli lazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa da axalcixis saepiskoposoebi

93

aRadgina, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m TurqeTis

xelisuflebis miwveviT kapadokiasa da lazeTSi imogzaura.

sapatriarqoSi aRniSnavdnen, rom es iyo oficialuri Jesti

oficialuri TurqeTis mxridan _ niSani imisa, rom saqarTvelos hyavs

demokratiuli principebis damcveli mezobeli, romelic pativs scems

mosazRvre saxelmwifos istorias. saqarTvelos uZveles, Tumca,

amJamad misgan mowyvetil mxareSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mogzaurobis

Semdeg sapatriarqoSi daarsda kolxuri kulturis saerTaSoriso

centri. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedrasTan arsebobs

anatoliisa da samxreT kavkasiis Semswavleli centri.

TurqeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris strategiuli partniorobisa da

keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili

SeaqvT TurqeTis qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebs.

TurqeTis qarTveloba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia q. stambolsa da

marmaras regionSi mdebare bursas, adafazaris, qojaelis, bolus,

amasiis, TokaTisa da balikesiris olqebSi. dedaqalaq ankaraSi bevri

qarTveli ar cxovrobs. qarTvelobis nawili SemorCenilia arTvinis,

artaanisa da rizes olqebSi. mniSvnelovani qarTuli dasaxlebebia

TurqeTis SavizRvispireTSic: samsunSi, sinopSi, giresunSi, orduSi,

uniesa da facaSi.

mesxeT-javaxeTidan da aWara-qobuleTidan gadasaxlebuli muslimi

qarTvelebi dasaxldnen samsunis, facas, unies, ordus, adafazaris,

bursas, inegolis, bolus, orhangazis, iznikis, goljukis, gebzes,

izmiTis, duzjes, amasiis, TokaTisa da balikesiris midamoebSi.

muslimi qarTveli mosaxleoba SemorCa arTvinisa da rizes olqebSi.

CamoTvlil adgilebSi aTeulobiT sofelia, romelic qarTul

eTnokulturul xasiaTs inarCunebs, sameurneo nagebobebi, yofa-

cxovrebis wesi, tradiciebi qarTulia. qarTuli ena soflebSi kvlav

gaismis da, metic, axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloTi sul ufro

94

interesdeba, uyureben qarTul telearxebs, yuradRebiT Tvals

adevneben da exmaurebian saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebs.

qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqeebs Camoyalibebuli aqvT

saTvistomo-sazogadoebebi, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo fondebi da

SemoqmedebiTi kavSirebi. isini interesdebian qarTuli kulturiT.

Znelia qarTuli enis SenarCuneba qalaqebSi, Tumca, aq ufro metad

aris miswrafeba organizaciuli gaerTianebisaken da yalibdeba

qarTuli sazogadoebebi, fondebi, kulturul-folkloruli jgufebi.

oficialuri monacemebiT (www.diaspora.gov.ge) TurqeTSi arsebobs

qarTvelebis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi: stamboli,

TurqeT-saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da kulturis fondi, romlis

mmarTveli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedian TurqeTis cnobili

biznesmenebi da sazogado moRvaweebi: ismeT ajari, sami seCkini, ergun

aTabai, ismeT dindari, ali ihsan ahisqalioRlu, simon zazaZe, pol

zazaZe, ali gunduzi, ali nihaT goqiiTi. fondis generaluri

direqtoria mevlud arTvinli; maWaxelas ganaTlebis, kulturisa da

Tanadgomis fondi, romlis mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomare _ salih

ildizi, xolo moadgile bahaTin saria. maWaxelas fondi 1995 wels

daarsda. fondi stambolSi mcxovreb maWaxelel (arTvinis olqi)

qarTvelTa Sekrebis adgilad iqca. igi gamoscems Jurnals `maWaxeli~;

saqarTvelosTan megobrobis sazogadoeba, romlis Tavmjdomarea ali

riza alTuneli. sazogadoeba daarsda 2005 wels q. stambolSi, fatihis

raionSi. sazogadoebasTan moqmedebs qarTuli enis Semswavleli

kursebi; stambolis xalxuri simReris ansambli `qafdaRi~, romlis

damaarsebeli da xelmZRvanelia iberia ozqani (melaSvili). ansamblis

repertuarSi, adgilobriv simRerebTan erTad, warmodgenilia

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis polifoniuri simRerebi. TurqeTSi

gamocemulia `qafdaRis~ sami albomi; qarTuli kulturis sazogadoeba

2008 wels daarsda. masTan funqciobs qarTuli enis Semswavleli

kursebi. sazogadoeba gegmavs qarTuli kulturis kvireulebis

95

mowyobas, qarTveli mwerlebisa da sazogado moRvaweebis mowvevasa da

saleqcio kursebis organizebas.

saqarias olqSi arsebobs hendeqis baTumelTa kulturis

sazogadoeba, romlis mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomare burhan

fehlivania, moadgile _ rejef Tiriaqi. sazogadoeba 1996 wels q.

hendeqSi daarsda. hendeqSi, gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdebs Soris, didia

qarTuli enisa da folkloris safuZvlianad Seswavlis msurvelTa

raodenoba; duzjes baTumelTa qarTuli kulturis sazogadoeba,

romelsac xelmZRvaneloben veisel Caqari da refiq iuqseli.

sazogadoeba 1998 wels daarsda. misi wevrebi duzjes qarTuli

mosaxleobis TviTmyofadi kulturis SenarCunebisaTvis iRvwian.

qojaelis olqSi goljuqis kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis

sazogadoeba 2001 wlidan funqciobs. sazogadoebas xelmZRvanelobs

muraT sevimi (mgelaZe). sazogadoebasTan arsebobs qarTuli

qoreografiuli ansambli, romelic sistematurad monawileobs

qarTuli diasporis mier TurqeTis sxvadasxva qalaqSi mowyobil

RonisZiebebsa da festivalebSi.

bursis olqSi arsebobs baTumelTa kulturisa da

urTierTdaxmarebis sazogadoeba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs musa

aidini. bursis sazogadoeba 1986 wels daarsda. igi koordinirebas

uwevs bursis olqis sxvadasxva raionSi (inegoli, izniqi, orhangazi,

gemliqi) daarsebuli qarTuli sazogadoebebis erTobliv saqmianobasa

da TanamSromlobas; inegolis kavkasiuri folklorisa da kulturis

sazogadoeba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mehmeT nuri taiari (mamia

dumbaZe). sazogadoebasTan arsebobs qoreografiuli ansambli,

romelic sistematurad monawileobs inegolSi tradiciad qceul

saerTaSoriso festivalSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am festivalSi

monawileobas iReben ansamblebi da Semsruleblebi saqarTvelodan da

sxva qveynebidan. orhangazis kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis

sazogadoeba 1995 wels daarsda. sazogadoebasTan Camoyalibebulia

96

qoreografiul-folkloruli ansambli, romelic sistematurad

monawileobs TurqeTSi gamarTul festivalebsa da sxva RonisZiebebSi.

izniqis baTumelTa kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis

sazogadoeba 1991 wels daarsda. mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomarea

ibrahim Seneri. izniqis sazogadoebasTan arsebobs TurqeTSi erT-erTi

saukeTeso sabavSvo qoreografiuli ansambli. (www.diaspora.gov.ge)

TurqeTis qarTvelobis sainformacio resursebi

TurqeTis qarTvelobis kulturul cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan

movlenad iqca Jurnali `firosmani~. igi gamoirCeva maRali xarisxiT

rogorc formiT, ise SinaarsiTac. redaqtoria fahreTTin CiloRlu.

gamomcemeli _ Senol tabani. Jurnalis redkolegiaSi Sedian: erdal

quCuki, qevser ruhi, mustafa iakuti, hasan Celiki, iasin onju da sxv.

TurqeTis qarTvelobis pirveli beWduri organos, Jurnal

`Cveneburis~, gamocema daiwyo 1977 wels SvedeTSi, q. stokholmSi,

qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqe ahmed ozqanis (melaSvili)

ZalisxmeviT. Jurnalis gamocema droebiT Sewyda ahmed ozqanis

daRupvis Semdeg. 1993 wels q. bursaSi ganaxlda misi gamocema. mas jer

farna WilaSvili (CiloRlu) xelmZRvanelobda, Semdeg - osman nuri

merjani (imedaSvili). 2006 wlidan Jurnalma arseboba Sewyvita. (ix., gv.,

116; 123).

TurqeTis qarTvelobis internet-sait `Cveneburebis~ (redaqtori

erdal quCuki) meSveobiT qarTul, Turqul da inglisur enebze

vrceldeba TurqeT-saqarTvelos TanamSromlobisa da kulturuli

movlenebis amsaxveli masalebi (http://chveneburi.net). aRsaniSnavia agreTve

internet-saiti www.genatsvale.net (redaqtori _ murat Sahini).

mauwyebloba daiwyo internet radiom _ `radio Cveneburi~ (did

adgils uTmobs qarTul simRerebs).

TurqeTSi cnobili momRerlis, mirjan kaias, repertuarSi

mniSvnelovania qarTul xalxuri simRerebis wili.

97

saqarTveloSi didi siyvaruliT sargeblobs momRerali baiar

Sahini, romlis Semoqmedebis saintereso mxarea `Cveneburebis~ mdidari

folkloris kvleva da msmenelisaTvis axali formiT miwodeba

(www.diaspora.gov.ge).

lazebi

Tanamedrove lazebis (Wanebis) warmoSoba mWidrod ukavSirdeba

kolxeTis samefos. istoriul kolxeTis samefoSi ZiriTad mosaxleoba

iyo qarTveluri modgmis ori urTierTmonaTesave tomi _ laz-Wanebi

da margal-makronebi (megrelebi).

lazebi ganekuTvnebian iberiul-kavkasiuri modgmis qarTvelur

(iberiul) jgufs. enobrivad Tanamedrove kavkasielebidan lazebisTvis

yvelaze axlo monaTesaveni arian qarTvelebi. lazuri metyvelebac

warmoiSva saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enisagan.

miuxedavad imisa, rom es ori sityva dRes erTmaneTis tolfasia,

eTnonimebi `lazi~ da `Wani~ saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi urTierTmonacv-

leobda. istoriulad termin `Wans~ ufro viwro mniSvneloba unda

hqonoda _ Tavdapirvelad `Wani~ miemarTeboda mTaSi mcxovreb lazs.

qristes Semdgom IV saukuneSi lazebis hegemonobiT Seiqmna samefo,

romelsac lazeTi ewoda (berZnulad `lazike~, xolo sakuTriv

lazurad _ `lazona~). mas eWira Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis

mniSvnelovani nawili, romelsac strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda. aq

gadioda saerTaSoriso saqaravno gza, ris gamoc lazeTi xSirad iyo

msoflio politikuri urTierTobebis gamwvavebis mizezi. lazeTis

teritoriis saerTo farTobi moicavs 7 000 kv. kilometrze mets. misi

sazRvrebia: CrdiloeTiT Savi zRva, Crdilo-dasavleTiT da

aRmosavleTiT - mdinare Woroxi, samxreTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT _

mdinare samansu. mTavari qalaqebia: rize, xofa, samsuni, trapizoni.

TurqeTSi lazurenovani mosaxleobis zusti raodenoba Zneli

dasadgenia. me-19 saukunis ingliseli konsulis, jiford pal grevis,

98

mixedviT, lazistanSi 1872 wlis oficialuri monacemebiT mosaxleobis

raodenoba 850 000 aRwevda.

lazuri saxelmwifos politikur-sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

saTaveSi idga mefe (lazurad _ mafa), romelsac memkvidreobiT

irCevdnen. adreul Sua saukuneebSi lazikis mefes amtkicebda

bizantiis keisari, magram lazika bizantias arc xarks uxdida da arc

jars ugzavnida. lazeTis mefe valdebuli iyo mxolod CrdiloeTis

sazRvrebi gaemagrebina da mtrebisgan daecva bizantiis samflobelo.

gvian Suasaukuneebamde lazeTs uxdeboda Tavganwiruli brZola

ZiriTadad bizantiisa da iranis winaaRmdeg, romelTac ainteresebdaT

politikuri gavlenis sferoSi moeqciaT lazika. politikur brZolas

Tan sdevda religiuri dapirispireba. pirvelsave saukuneSi aq

damkvidrebul qristianobas romi ebrZoda Tavisi warmarTuli rwmeniT.

imavdroulad mazdeanobis (cecxlTayvanismcemlobis) damkvidrebas

sparseTi uSedegod cdilobda. Tamar mefis gaerTianebul

saqarTveloSi lazeTi trapizonis imperiis saxiT erTiani qarTuli

saxelmwifos Semadgenel nawilad moiazreboda. cxadia, trapizonis

samefos mosaxleobis uZiriTades nawils lazebi Seadgendnen.

ase grZeldeboda 1461 wlamde, am wels ki osmalebma trapizonis

samefo daikaves, iq mefis instituti gaauqmes da lazeTSi TavianTi

batonobis ganmtkicebas Seudgnen.

winaaRmdegobis fronti lazeTSi 1820-ian wlebamde gagrZelda,

magram am droisTvis osmaleTis mTavrobam lazi mTavrebis medgari

winaaRmdegoba gatexa da iavarhyo maTi Tavisufleba. mogvianebiT

enTuziazmiT ibrZodnen lazeTis patriotebi rusebis winaaRmdegac.

1878 wlis berlinis xelSekrulebiT ruseTis imperiis

SemadgenlobaSi moeqca lazeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi nawili, 16

sofeli dRevandeli goniodan q. xofamde. carizmma aq mSobliuri

qarTulis nacvlad rusuli enis dakanoneba scada, imavdroulad,

lazeTis medreseebSi swavleba, Cveulebriv, Turqulad mimdinareobda.

99

1910 wels amis sapasuxod lazebma abdulah aSiq hasanoRlus

xelmZRvanelobiTa da iniciativiT Seadgines werili swavla-

ganaTlebis qarTul enaze SemoRebis moTxovniT, rasac qarTuli

sazogadoeba didi mxardaWeriT Sexvda, maswavleblebic mzad iyvnen

lazeTSi samuSaod, magram am wamowyebas 1914 wels dawyebulma

pirvelma msoflio omma SeuSala xeli. brestis zavis Sedegad lazeTi

Tanamedrove TurqeTis respublikis SemadgenlobaSi aRmoCnda.

qristianoba lazeTSi pirvelsave saukuneebSi gavrcelda. aq

iqadages andria pirvelwodebulma da svimon kananelma. kidev erTi

mociquli _ mataTa _ lazeTSia dasaflavebuli. gadaWarbebuli Cans

Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom lazebSi qristianoba mxolod berZnul

enaze vrceldeboda. amis sapirispirod metyvelebs lazuri

saRvTismsaxurebo terminologia: Tanafa-`aRdgoma~, maraSina-

`mariamoba~, xaWi-`jvari~, qisa-`qriste~, sumala//sumela-`sameba~...

lazeTSi dRemde SemorCa Zveli eklesiebi (ZiriTadad,

dazianebuli saxiT): sarfis tyeSi Tlili qviT nagebi taZari dgas;

makrialSi didgumbaTiani eklesiaa warwerebiTa da mxatvrobiT;

lazuri samonastro kompleqsi sum(a)la-`sameba~ grandiozulobiT

dResac ganacvifrebs mnaxvels. aq ukanasknel xanebamde moRvaweobdnen

qristiani berebi.

abu-islahSi, maRal mTaze, dgas eklesia, romelSic gvalvis dros

lazebi ikribebian da RmerTs wvimas SesTxoven; gumbaTmorRveuli

eklesiaa peroniTSi. misi eSiniaT adgilobrivebs da axlos misvlasac

veravin bedavs. zogierT lazur eklesiaSi moTavsebuli iyo qvis

sawnaxelebi da miwaSi Cafluli didi qvevrebi. iqve iyo saflavebic.

lazebs qristianuli eklesia-monastrebi ucxoeTSic hqondaT,

saxeldobr, ierusalimis udabnoSi.

zogierTi lazi dResac qristiania da stambolSi berZen patriarqs

eqvemdebareba. isini berZnulad metyveleben da sakuTar Tavs berZnebad

100

miiCneven, magram axsovT lazuri warmomavloba. metyvelebisas

gamoirCevian lazuri aqcentiT, rasac TviTonac grZnoben.

dRes TurqeTSi mcxovrebi yvela lazi suniti mahmadiania. meoTxe

saukunis berZeni mwerali Temisti amtkicebda, rom lazebi Turme

monawileobas iRebdnen elinTa dResaswaulebsa da SejibrebebSi,

sadac araerT maTgans Tavi usaxelebia mWevrmetyvelebiTa da

ritorikiT. misive TqmiT, lazikaSi arsebula ritorikuli ganaTlebis

centri, sadac bizantiidan mivlinebuli axalgazrdebic swavlobdnen

da piradad masac iq miuRia ritorikuli ganaTleba.

Zveli berZeni istorikosebi imasac weren, rom lazebs hqondaT

gansakuTrebuli saxeobis damwerloba, rasac kirbebs uwodebdnen.

lazuri koSkebis, cixeebis da sakulto nagebobebis nangrevebiT

mofenilia SavizRvispireTi. mSenebloba umTavresi saqmianoba iyo

lazebisaTvis. lazTa ekonomikur keTildReobas uxsovari droidan

naosnoba da gemTmSenebloba uwyobda xels. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom

me-19 saukunis osmaleTis flotis TiTqmis naxevars lazi mezRvaurebi

Seadgendnen. es saqmianoba _ meTevzeoba _ asaxulia lazur cekvebSi,

kerZod, sacekvao ileTebSi. lazi qalebi daxelovnebulni arian

feiqrobaSi. isini gemovnebiT qsoven nazsa da lamazad Sexamebul

qsovilebs. lazebi odiTganve misdeven: mebaReobas, zeTisxilisa da

leRvis Ciris damzadebas, futkris movla-moSenebas. lazeTi

ZvelTaganve Taflis qveyana iyo. wminda sanTelsac amzadebdnen da

gahqondaT saberZneTSi, saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi. aqauri Rvino

bizantiaSi gahqondaT, magram gamahmadianebis Semdeg osmalebma lazebs

aukrZales meRvineoba.

1931 wlidan TurqeTis xelisuflebam, rogorc sxva xalxebs, aseve

lazebsac lazuri gvarebis tareba aukrZala. Tumca bevr lazs

sakuTari gvari dRemde axsovs. igive bedi ewia lazur toponimebsac.

Zveli makriali, igive noRedi Turquli kemaplasha gaxda, sumjuma

101

zustad iTargmna rogorc üchkardesh `sami Zma~, Jurxinji Turqulad

chifteköpru `wyvili xidi~ gaxda da sxv.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanamedrove TurqeTis respublika

gamoirCeva demokratizaciis Seuqcevadi procesebiT da iswrafvis

evrokavSirisken, qveyanaSi ar gamodis arc erTi perioduli lazuri

gazeTi, ar aris lazuri skola, rac aCqarebs lazuri mosaxleobis

asimilacias _ gaTurqebas. is faqti, rom TurqeTis respublikaSi

saSualo ganaTlebis miReba mxolod Turqul enazea SesaZlebeli,

lazurs upiratesad Sinauri moxmarebis enad aqcevs. aseT pirobebSi

yovlad auxsnelia stambolsa da ankaraSi somxuri da berZnuli

skolebis gverdiT lazuri skolebis ararseboba. axalgazrdoba

somxurad da berZnulad mezobel qveynebSic advilad miiReben

ganaTlebas, rasac ver vityviT lazebze. lazebi dRes TavianT

teritoriaze, sakuTar qalaqebsa da soflebSi ver iReben mSobliur

enaze ganaTlebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT germaniaSi moRvawe (1997

wlidan) lazebis kavSirma metad sayuradRebo politikuri gancxadeba

gaakeTa, sadac isini iTxovdnen TurqeTis xelisuflebis mier

xelmowerili lozanis xelSekrulebis 39-e muxlis realurad

funqcionirebas, romlis Sesabamisad ara marto muslimebs, aramed

yvela msurvels aqvs ufleba sakuTar, mSobliur enaze miiRos

dawyebiTi da umaRlesi ganaTleba. (www.diaspora.gov.ge) saqarTveloSi

enaTmecnierTa umravlesoba lazurs qarTuli enis dialeqtad miiCnevs

_ `qarTveluri enebi saerToqarTveluri fuZeenis enobrivi erTianobis

daSlis Sedegad Camoyalibda. varaudoben, rom fuZeenas gamoeyo

svanuri da qarTul-kolxuri (kolxuri (zanuri) anu megrul-lazuri),

mogvianebiT ki, gaiyo qarTuli da megrul-lazuric (xSirad lazuris

nacvlad samecniero literaturaSi gamoyenebulia termini Wanuri,

kolxuris paralelurad _ zanuri).

lazuri da megruli enaTmecnierTa erTi nawilis mier miCneulia

qarTveluri enis, kolxuris (zanuris), dialeqtebad; meore

102

tradiciuli SexedulebiT, megruli da lazuri ukve qarTveluri

enebia; sxva mosazrebiT, svanuri da megrul-lazuri dResac qarTulis

dialeqtebia.

Tamaz gamyreliZe da givi maWavariani leqsikur-statistikuri

analizis safuZvelze qarTvelur enaTa diferenciacias Semdegnairad

aTariReben: fuZeenidan svanuris gamoyofa daiwyo Cvens

welTaRricxvamde X saukuneSi, xolo qarTul-kolxuri erTianoba

daiSala Cveni welTaaRricxvis mijnaze (ivaraudeba Cvens

welTaRricxvamde III aTaswleulis dasawyisi).

qarTveluri enebidan saliteraturo ena qarTulia, romlis

CamoyalibebaSi Tavisi wvlili Sehqonda yvela qarTvelur toms, maT

Soris, lazebs. aleqsandre cagareli werda, rom Tuki gvinda sworad

warmovidginoT qarTuli enis zrda da ganviTareba, yuradReba unda

mivaqcioT arasamwerlobo qarTvelur enebs. lazuris naTesaoba

qarTulTan SeniSnes georg rozenma da iulius klaproTma (XIX s.). mas

Semdeg lazuris gramatikas sxvadasxva dros ikvlevdnen: niko mari,

ioseb yifSiZe, arnold Ciqobava, sergi JRenti, sergi jiqia, guram

kartozia, irine asaTiani, naTela quTelia da sxv.

dRes lazuri gavrcelebulia Sav zRvasa da pontos qeds Soris

viwro zolSi sof. sarfidan (lazuri sofeli saqarTvelos samxreT

sazRvarze) sof. meliaTamde (rizes mxare). lazurSi mkveTrad

gansxvavebul sam kilos gamoyofen: xofur-Cxalurs, viwur-arqabulsa

da aTinur-arTaSenuls.

lazuris mkvlevari guram kartozia 1961 wlidan iwerda lazur

teqstebs sof. sarfSi mkvidri lazebisa da agreTve, aWaris, afxazeTis,

samegrelosa da guriis qalaqebsa da soflebSi lazeTidan sxvadasxva

dros Camosaxlebuli lazebisgan. mkvlevris Seswavlis geografuli

masStabebi xuT lazur provincias _ ormocdaaTamde sofels moicavda.

`lazuri teqstebi~ 1972 wels gamosca g. kartoziam, xolo wignis

meore nawili gamoica 1993 wels~ (kalandia 2005: 5).

103

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan lazebSi ufro gaRvivda

sakuTari warmoSobisa da TviTidentifikaciisadmi interesi. sarfeli

lazebisagan gansxvavebiT, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebis umravlesoba

dRes Tavs gurjebad ar miiCnevs. istoriulad lazebma ganicades

islamizaciis mZlavri zegavlena. TviT Cveni samSoblos oqros xanad

wodebul saukuneebSic lazeTi uSualod ar Semodioda qarTuli

saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi. ramac, cxadia, uaryofiTi daRi daasva da

xeli Seuwyo lazebSi saerTo-qarTuli cnobierebis Sesusteba-moSlas.

lazebis erTi jgufi amtkicebs lazebis araTurqul warmoSobas da

mxars uWers sakuTriv lazur identurobas. isini lazuri Jurnalis _

`ogni~ (`gaxsovdes~) _ gamomcemelTa garSemo arian Semokrebilni.

1991 wels gamomcemloba `Kaukasus Vergas~-is mier daibeWda osman

tamtrulis (osman trapizoneli) lazuris saxelmZRvanelo `nana-nena~

(`dedaena~).

1992 wels germaniaSi myofma lazebma daafuZnes lazuri Jurnali

`lazuri amberefe~ (`lazuri ambebi~).

1993 wlis noembridan TurqeTSi gamosvlas iwyebs Turqulenovani

Jurnali, romelsac lazebi gamoscemdnen lazuri SegonebiT: `ogni/

skani nena~ (`gaxsovdes Seni ena~). moeswro eqvsi nomris gamocema,

mogvianebiT, samwuxarod, Jurnalis gamocema Sewyda.

1994 wels aseve TurqeTSi lazurma rok-jgufma _ `zuRaSi berefe~

(`zRvis Svilebi~) Cawera da gamosca Tavisi pirveli albomi `va

miCqunan~ (`ar viciT~) (vokalisti _ mehmeT ali beSli).

1995 wlidan funqciobda lazuri programa `Tanura~ (`mTenebeli~),

romelic yovel paraskevs gadioda eTerSi - Ģevre Radyo FM 105.7.

amave periodSi lazuri simRerebis ramdenime audiokaseta da

kompaqtdiski Seadgina birol TofaloRlum. es melodiebi xSirad

ismis stambolis kerZo radiosadgurSi Mert FM 100.8.

germaniis q. dortmundis kulturuli centri 1998 wlidan

gamoscems lazur Jurnals _ `lazebura~ (`lazebrivi=Cveneburi~).

104

Jurnalis sulisCamdgmelia lazi poeti qali selma koCiva, romelmac

saqarTveloSic imogzaura. 1999 wels selma koCivam wignic gamosca _

`lazona~/`lazeTi~. mogvianebiT wigni ratomRac aikrZala. selma

koCivas Semoqmedebis gacnoba SesaZlebelia gamomcemloba `inteleqtis~

mier gamocemul leqsebis krebulSi _ `100 lazuri leqsi~.

TurqeTSi gamomcemloba `Ģiviyazilar~-i 1997 wlidan gamoscems

samecniero-popularul Jurnals _ K`kafkazya Yazilari~ (`kavkasiuri

Canawerebi~). am JurnalSi kavkasiis ambebTan eraTad xSirad qveyndeba

saintereso mimoxilvebi lazuri kulturis, istoriisa da

filologiis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia lazebis mier momzadebuli veb-

gverdebi: www.geocities.com/dobadonachkini, www.lazika.virtualare.net,

www.lazuri.com, www.lazebura.org, www.lazuri.net, www.lazgiresun.cjb.net,

www.karalahana.com, www.mexeniti.com, www.hopam.com, www.arhavim.com,

www.xalikana.com, www.secere.net, www.geocities.com, www.kapistona.com.tr.tc,

www.geocities.com/kremuli, www.ardesen.8m.com.

lazebi rogorc osmaleTis imperiaSi, aseve TurqeTis respublikis

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi imTaviTve dawinaurdnen.

respublikuri TurqeTis politikur asparezze mravalma lazma

miaRwia warmatebas. rogorc amboben, TurqeTis mexuTe prezidenti

jevdeT sunai (Cevdet Sunay - 1899-1982) trapizoneli iyo, romelsac

samociani wlebis dasawyisidan jer SeiaraRebuli Zalebis genStabis

meTauris Tanamdeboba ekava, xolo 1966-73 ww. qveynis pirveli piri iyo.

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan qveynis politikur cxovrebaSi

gamoCnda pirvelad respublikis istoriaSi religiuri partia

`saTnoebis partia~, romlis akrZalvis Semdegac man saqmianoba

`samarTlianobisa da aRorZinebis partiis~ saxiT gaagrZela. partiis

liders mamiT gurj, dediT laz rejef Taif erdoRans dRes premier-

ministris Tanamdeboba ukavia. ufro adre mas stambolis meris

Tanamdebobac ekava. erdoRani ar malavs Tavis qarTvelobas. aRniSnul

partias aSS-Si `zomieri islamis~ frTas miakuTvneben. imave partiis

105

erT-erTi lideria diplomati iaSar iaqiSi, romelmac diplomatiuri

karieris damTavrebis Semdeg erdoRans daukavSira politikuri

moRvaweoba. samoc wels gadacilebuli iaSar iaqiSi amJamadac aris

mTavrobis meTauris mrCeveli, ramdenime wlis win ki sagareo saqmeTa

ministris Tanamdebobaze muSaobda. lazuris garda, icis qarTulic.

dainteresebulia lazebis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleviTac.

memarjvene politikur moRvaweTa Soris aRsaniSnavia aseve 1947 w.

stambolSi dabadebuli rizeli mesuT ilmazi, romelic T. ozalis

mier daarsebuli `dedasamSoblos~ partiis lideri iyo wlebis

ganmavlobaSi. 90-ian wlebSi sagareo saqmeTa ministris, xolo Semdeg

premier-ministris Tanamdeboba ekava. TurqeTis memarcxene politikuri

partiebSic araerTi lazuri warmoSobis moRvawem miaRwia warmatebas.

ufrosi Taobis politikur moRvaweebs Soris aRsaniSnavia mumTaz

soisali, TurqeTis socialuri partiis TvalsaCino lideri,

saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialisti. amave partiis lideri

mogvianebiT gaxda rizeli lazi murad karaialCini, romelsac 90-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi q. ankaris meris Tanamdeboba ekava.

TurqeTis dedaqalaq ankaris erT-erTi raionis gamgebelia lazi

qali, gvarad xalvaSi. TurqeTis ekonomikis winsvlasa da ganviTareba-

Si metad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben lazi biznesmenebi. samarTlis

sferoSi mniSvnelovani figuraa stambolis universitetis profesori

ToxTamiS aTeSi (Ateş).

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bevr sferoSi mamakacebTan erTad

warmatebiT moRvaweoben qalebic. q. ankaraSi cnobilia koleji,

romlis direqtoric lazi qalia _ faToS abla. aseve cnobilia

Turqulenovani lazi poeti qali selma koCiva. lazi poeti sinan

badiSi (arbairakoRlu) amJamad cxovrobs da moRvaweobs stambolSi.

cnobilia lazi poeti da mxatvari, xasan helimiSi. mecnierebis

sferoSi, rogorc TurqeTSi, aseve sazRvargareT nayofierad

moRvaweoben lazi mkvlevrebi. maTi nawili ucxoeTis wamyvan

106

samecniero centrebSi aris miwveuli. bolo xans laz mecnierTa Soris

gaizarda mSobliuri mxaris istoriis, kulturisadmi interesi. ali

ihsan aqsamazi (Ali Ihsan Aksamaz) lazebis istoriis sakiTxebs swavlobs.

leqsikografiis sakiTxebSi aRsaniSnavia ismail avji bujaqliSis

(Jsmail Avci Bucaklişi) da viweli hasan uzunhasanoRlus (Hasan Uzunhasanoğlu)

leqsikonebi. bujaqliSis saqmianoba `zuRaSi berefes~ jgufs da

Jurnal `ognis~ gamocemasac ukavSirdeba.

lazebis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis SeswavliT aris cnobili

lazi ganmanaTlebeli m. rejai ozguni, misi wigni `lazlar~ (Lazlar =

lazebi) popularulia lazebSi. ozguni iTxovs avtoxton enebze

SezRudvebis gauqmebas, lazurisaTvis dedaenis statusis miniWebas da,

rac metad mniSvnelovania, xelovnurad gadarqmeuli toponimebisaTvis

lazuri saxelebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas.

momRerali, musikosi qazim qoiunju (Kazim Koyuncu), romelic

lazur musikalur folklorsac ikvlevda. cnobilia trapizoneli

momRerali fuad saka, aseve, TurqeTis estardis cnobili

wamomadgeneli, Tarqani rizelia. TurqeTis TeatrmcodneTa Soris

aRsaniSnavia arqabedi hauaTi asilaziji (Hayati asilyazici), romelic q.

stambolSi ganaTlebis sferoSic moRvaweobs. igi 1987 wels

imyofeboda saqarTveloSi da dResac TurqeTis sazogadoebas qarTuli

kulturis miRwevebs acnobs.

sportis sferoSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia TurqeTSi sportis

nomer pirvel saxeobaSi _ fexburTSi SavizRvispirelTa warmatebebi.

(www.diaspora.gov.ge)

qarTvelebi stambolSi da maTi sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba

`istoriulad qarTvelebs mWidro kavSiri hqoniaT bizantiasTan,

mis dedadqalaq konstantinopolTan. qarTvelebs aq TavianTi

axalSenic dauarsebiaT, qalaqis erT-erT ubans gurji-kafu

(qarTvelTa kari) ewodeboda.

107

qarTvelebs konstantinopolSi eklesiebic hqondaT. mkvlevarTa

cnobiT, konstantinopolSi maT ori savane ekuTvnodaT: anastaziasi _

qalaqSi da sosTenisa _ qalaqis ganapiras. fiqroben, rom sosTenis

eklesiis adgilas fiali faSas meCeTia agebuli, xolo anasTazias

eklesiis adgilmdebareobis dadgena ver xerxdeba. istoriuli

wyaroebi arafers ambobs sxva qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb. erT-erTi

cnobis mixedviT, 1195 wels konstantinopolSi gaZarcves qarTveli

berebi, romlebsac waarTves Tamar mefisagan boZebuli saCuqrebi.

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom swored es gaxda mizezi imisa, rom 1204

wels Tamar mefem omi gamoucxada bizantiis imperators, ris

Sedegadac Seiqmna trapizonis samefo.

1453 wels osmalebma daipyres konstantinopoli, sabolood mospes

bizantiis saxelmwifo da Sav zRvazec gabatondnen. am mizeziT

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri urTierToba mezobel saxelmwifosTan

Seferxda, iq mcxovreb qarTvelTa ricxvi TandaTanobiT Semcirda.

Zveli qarTuli dasaxlebidan qarTvelebi galaTaSi kompaqturad

dasaxldnen, Semdeg ki _ Zveli stambolis im nawilSi, romelsac

vezir-xans uwodeben.

stambolis qarTuli axalSenis mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawili

mesxeTidan iyvnen. dasaxlebebi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda 1828-1829 ww.

ruseT-TurqeTis omis Semdeg. qarTvelebis umetesoba kaTolikeebi

iyvnen. isinic galaTas midamoebSi saxldebodnen. kaTolikeebs

mfarvelobdnen romis papi da evropis saxelmwifoebi. stambolSi, sanam

feriqoiSi qarTvel kaTolikeTa savane daarsdeboda, isini

RvTismsaxurebas wminda petres eklesiaSi asrulebdnen, romelic

italiel mRvdlebs ekuTvnoda. eklesiis sasaflaoze qarTvelebic

iyvnen dakrZalulni. droTa ganmavlobaSi Zveli sasaflao am

adgilidan ufro Sors gadaitanes. feriqois qarTvel kaTolikeTa

eklesiis arqivSi daculia sasaflaos qarTuli warwerebis arasruli

sia, romlidanac irkveva, rom uZvelesi warwera 1702 wels ganekuTvneba.

108

qarTvel kaTolikeTa raodenobrivi zrdisa da maTi ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Sedegad saWiro gaxda stambolSi

qarTvel kaTolikeTa sazogadoebis daarseba. 1859 w. 7 maiss romis

papma petre xarisWiraSvils stambolSi qarTuli sasuliero

sazogadoebis Seqmnisa da monastris daarsebis neba darTo. 1861 w.

stambolis gareubanSi, feriqoiSi (feriebis sofeli), dafuZnda

qarTuli kaTolikuri monasteri. male daarsda skolac, sadac

saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis garda aswavlidnen qarTul enasa da lite-

raturas, saqarTvelos istorias, maTematikas, fizikasa da astrono-

mias. iswavleboda laTinuri, berZnuli da franguli enebi. p. xarisWi-

raSvili Turquli enis maswavleblebad mahmadian qarTvelebs iwvevda.

1870 wels daarsda qarTuli stamba. qarTul kaTolikur eklesiaSi

wirva-locva tardeboda qarTulad, rac xels uwyobda kaTolike da

marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis gaerTianebas stambolSi. stambaSi

ibeWdeboda saswavlo da sxva Sinaarsis wignebi: `mokle ritorika~,

`mokle franciculi gramatika~, `kari laTinuri gramatikisa~,

`yvavilebis kona~, `saqristiano moZRvreba~, `mokle filosofia~,

`patara saqristiano moZRvreba~, `walkoti locviT~, `yovlad wminda

RvTismSoblis ciskris locvani~, `doRmaturi RvTismetyveleba~ da

sxv.; stambam gaaaqtiura muSaoba damoukidebeli saqarTvelos (1918-1921)

periodSi. daibeWda p. surgulaZis `saqarTvelo Tavisuflebisaken~

(1918), pavle ingoroyvas `saqarTvelos teritoriis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb~

(1918), p. surgulaZis `damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso

mniSvneloba~ da sxv. stambolis qarTul stambas didi mniSvneloba

hqonda qarTuli wignis beWdvis TvalsazrisiTac. am wamowyebebis

sulisCamdgmeli iyo petre (luka) xarisWiraSvili (1818-1890).

1908 w. stambolSi mcxovrebi vl. wereTlis TaosnobiT daarsda

saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoeba `qarTvelTa erToba~, romlis mizani iyo

gaeerTianebina iq mcxovrebi qarTvelebi ganurCevlad religiuri mrwa-

msisa, xelmokleTaTvis ki, materialuri daxmareba gaewia. es sazogado-

109

eba mxolod revoluciis Semdeg Seudga legalurad muSaobas. 1908-1909

ww. axalgazrda TurqTa revoluciisa da konstituciis aRdgenis

Semdeg qveyanaSi politikuri cxovreba gamococxlda. iqmneboda

politikuri partiebi da organizaciebi. qarTvel mahmadianTagan oTxi

deputati airCies parlamentSi. qarTveli muslimebi xvdebodnen kaTo-

like qarTvelebs. feriqois qarTvelTa savane qarTvelTa TavSeyris

adgilad iqca. qarTvelTa SekavSirebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili

Seitana qarTuli klubis daarsebam. imarTeboda krebebi, romlebsac

eswrebodnen qarTvelebi: faSebi, generlebi, oficrebi, veqilebi,

eqimebi da sxv. SeimuSaves wesdeba, romelic osmaleTis mTavrobam

daamtkica. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

aneqsiisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg saqarTvelos

urTierToba TurqeTTan Sewyda. feriqois skola mowafeTa simciris

gamo daixura, muSaoba Sewyvita qarTulma stambam, mrevlis simciris

gamo daixura kaTolikuri eklesiac.

1992 wels saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis respublikebs Soris daido

xelSekruleba megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezobluri

urTierTobis Sesaxeb~ (svaniZe 1993).

110

TurqeTis qarTvelebis problemebi

qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqeebi integrirebulni arian

TurqeTis sazogadoebaSi. maTTvis erovnuli TviTmyofadobis

SenarCunebis saSualebaa folkolruli ansamblebisa da qarTuli enis

Semswavleli kursebis organizacia. aRniSnuli wamowyeba, ra Tqma

unda, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosgan mxardaWerilia. TurqeTis qarTuli

diaspora sakuTari SesaZleblobebiT wvdeba kulturuli kerebis

organizaciis sakiTxebs, Tumca, arsebobs problemebi:

• qarTuli enis Seswavlis msurvelTa nakleboba

2010 w. diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris

aparatis iniciativiTa da uSualo monawileobiT, saqarTvelos

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saqarTvelos wamyvan

universitetebTan TanamSromlobiT daiwyo muSaoba erToblivi

programis _ `iswavle saqarTveloSi~ ganxorcielebaze. programa

SemuSavebulia TurqeTSi mcxovrebi moswavle-axalgazrdobisTvis da

iTvaliswinebs maT ugamocdod Caricxvas saqarTvelos mTavar umaRles

saswavleblebSi. aRniSnuli programiT Caricxuli yvela studentis

swavla srulad finansdeba saxelmwifo saswavlo grantiT. swavlis

periodSi studentebs stipendia eniSnebaT. programa saswavlo

procesis pirvel wels qarTuli enis Seswavlas iTvaliswinebs,

Sesabamisad, monawileobis miRebis msurvelebi, sasurvelia, qarTul

enas flobdnen (salaparako done). pirvel etapze TurqeTis

respublikidan daaxloebiT ocdaaTma axalgazrdam gamoTqva survili

monawileoba miiRos aRniSnul programaSi. proeqtis ganxorcieleba

ori mezobeli qveynis - saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis megobrobas kidev

ufro gaaRrmavebs.

Cveni kvlevis mixedviT, TurqeTSi qarTulenovani perioduli

gamocemebis sakiTxi aseve ukavSirdeba qarTuli enis Seswavlis

msurvelTa, mcodneTa naklebobis problemas. TurqeTSi Cven vxvdebiT

Turqul an Turqul-qarTul gamocemebs.

111

• TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis sakiTxi.

TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis sakiTxi

yovelTvis iyo qarTveli da Turqi mecnierebis Seswavlis sagani.

TurqeTis respublikis teritoriaze arsebuli marTlmadidebluri

Zeglebis Sesaxeb pirveli mokle cnobebi karl koxma, dimitri

baqraZem, giorgi yazbegma da praskovia uvarovam mogvawodes. am kuTxiT

sainteresoa niko maris `SavSeT-klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiuri~. am

sakiTxze muSaobdenen giorgi CubinaSvili, parmen zaqaraia. erT-erT

fundamentur Sromad iTvleba vaxtang jobaZis wigni `adreuli Sua

saukuneebis qarTuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi, klarjeTsa da

SavSeTSi~, agreTve aRniSvnis Rirsia evropeli da amerikeli avtorebis

(nikol da Jan-miSel tieri, devid uinfildi, robert edvarsi, bruno

baumgartneri da sxv.) naSromebi. am mkvlevarTa Rvawli miT ufro

dasafasebelia, rom 1950-iani ww. bolodan moyolebuli mTeli sami

aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi, `TurqeTis saqarTvelo~ miuwvdomeli iyo

CvenTvis. 1980-iani wlebidan qarTuli kulturis Seswavlis saqmeSi

aqtiurad Caebnen Turqi mecnierebic, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia mine

qadiroRlu, Turgai iazari, jafer qaraja da sxv. (xoStaria 2005;

jobaZe 2006; WiWinaZe 2004).

qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi turistuli infrastruqturis

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac sainteresoa, Tumca Zeglebis

mdgomareoba savalaloa, rom araferi iTqvas zogierT taZarSi meCeTis

funqciobis Sesaxeb. Zeglebis aRdgenis Taobaze araoficialuri da

oficialuri molaparakebebi TurqeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris 2005

wlidan mimdinareobs. aRmoCnda, rom 2011 w. dasawyisSi diplomatiuri

uwyebebis warmomadgenlebis mier gaxmovanebuli SeTanxmeba TurqeTSi

arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis Taobaze polemikis sagani gaxda. „sadavo

SeTanxmeba, romelic qarTul mxares cud mdgomareobaSi agdebs“ _ am

saTauriT gazeT „kviris palitraSi“ gamoqveynda eka lomiZis statia

(24.01.2011). `qarTul da Turqul mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebaSi balansi

112

unda iyos daculi~ – aseTia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos pozicia.

sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadeba gaavrcela saqarTvelosa da

TurqeTs Soris molaparakebis Sesaxeb. SeTanxmebis mixedviT,

istoriuli tao-klarjeTis teritoriaze mdebare xanZTis, oSkis,

iSxnisa da oTxTa eklesiis reabilitaciis sanacvlod, saqarTveloSi

sami meCeTis ganaxleba da erTis aSeneba igegmeba. gancxadebis

gavrcelebis Semdeg sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebuli azri gaCnda, isic ki

iTqva, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos pozicia radikaluria.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani dekanozi miqael

botkoveli: „qarTul da Turqul mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebaSi balansi

unda iyos daculi. faqtia, rom saqarTveloSi asobiT muslimuri

salocavia da maT moqmedebas aravin krZalavs. amitomac, rbilad rom

vTqvaT, kargi Jesti ar aris TurqeTis mxridan imis moTxovna, rom

kidev erTi an oTxi salocavi gaaxsnevino da sanacvlodac imdenive

aRgadgeninos Tavis teritoriaze. amasTan, aRgadgeninos ara monasteri,

rogorc funqciuri obieqti, aramed, mxolod rogorc Zegli. es ar

aris Tanabari subieqtebis saubari. qarTul mxares aSkarad cud

mdgomareobaSi agdebs es SeTanxmeba. Zeglebi unda aRdges, magram

SeTanxmeba unda moxdes mxolod Tanabar poziciaSi myofi

saxelmwifoebis doneze. saWiroa imis gaTvaliswineba, rom TurqeTi

evrokavSirSi integraciisken miiswrafvis. Tu iunesko moiTxovs, es

taZrebi am sadavo SeTanxmebis gareSec SeiZleba aRdges. am, marTlac,

unikaluri Zeglebis aRdgena ara mxolod saqarTvelosTvis,

msofliosTvis iqneba mniSvnelovani movlena“.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba, 18 ianvari 2011 weli:

„TurqeTSi qarTuli taZrebis, xolo saqarTveloSi meCeTebis

restavraciasTan dakavSirebiT rogorc CvenTvis cnobili gaxda, kvlav

mimdinareobs molaparakeba saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis saxelmwifoebs

Soris amjerad saqarTveloSi ukve oTxi meCeTis da erTi abanos, xolo

TurqeTSi oTxi qarTuli taZris aRdgenis Sesaxeb.

113

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis (konstituciuri SeTanxmebis) Tanax-

mad, eklesia warmoadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romelic

mesakuTrea qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia-monastrebisa, xolo

saxelmwifos aqvs valdebuleba, awarmoos molaparakeba ucxoeTSi ars-

ebuli qarTuli taZrebis sakuTrebisa da movla-patronobis Sesaxeb.

amdenad, TurqeTis mxarisaTvis wardgenili taZrebis sia da

molaparakebis pirobebi, bunebrivia, SeTanxmebuli unda yofiliyo mis

mesakuTresTan _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan, rac arc adre da arc

axla ar ganxorcielebula. es CvenTvis sruliad gaugebaria.

Tavidanve SevniSnavT, rom iseTi mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa

oSki, xanZTa, oTxTa, iSxani... iuneskos egidiTac SeiZleboda

aRdgeniliyo da amisaTvis Sesabamisi nabijebi aqamdec SeiZleboda

gadadgmuliyo. molaparakebebi ki, Turqul mxaresTan sxva taZrebis

restavraciasTan dakavSirebiT unda gvewarmoebina.

ratom ar iqna es gza gamoyenebuli, ar viciT.

dabolos, unda Tavidanve ganisazRvros isic, Tu vis sakuTrebaSi

iqneba saqarTveloSi aRdgenili meCeTebi, TurqeTSi ki - taZrebi.

vimedovnebT, Cven mier wamoyenebuli winadadebebi misaRebi iqneba yvela

mxarisTvis, rac Cven Soris urTierTobas konstruqciuls gaxdis“.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba, 4 Tebervali 2011 weli:

„Cven vimedovnebdiT, rom a. w. 18 ianvris gancxadebis Semdeg

sapatriarqo CarTuli iqneboda im molaparakebebSi, romelic TurqeT-

saqarTvelos Soris mimdinareobs taZrebisa da meCeTebis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, es ase ar moxda da procesi kvlav eklesiis

interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe viTardeba, rac CvenTvis

miuRebelia, radgan xaxulisa da ardaSenis gadmocemis, - anu am saxis

nacvalgebis, - gareSe meCeTebis mSeneblobis dawyeba gaumarTleblad

migvaCnia. gvinda ganvmartoT, rom ardaSeni ar aris mxolod taZari;

igia istoriuli lazeTis saepiskoposos erT-erTi centri da, aqedan

gamomdinare, misi aRdgena ara marto ardaSenis, aramed mTeli am

114

mxaris, – lazeTis, qarTuli eTnokulturisa da saeklesio sivrcis

ganuyofel nawilad warmoCenas niSnavs. igive iTqmis taoSi xaxulis

monastris amoqmedebis Sesaxeb. vfiqrobT, aq meCeTis funqcionireba

TurqebisTvisac ki did saWiroebas ar unda warmoadgendes, miT umetes,

rom TurqeTSi arsebul berZnul taZrebSi meCeTebi ar funqcionirebs,

xolo axlaxan erT-erT somxur taZarze jvaric ki daidga.

bolos ki davZenT, rom saqarTveloSi aSenebuli da asaSenebeli

meCeTebi, muslimTa organizaciis sakuTreba aris da iqneba, xolo

TurqeTSi aRsadgeni taZrebi dRevandeli mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos

da saqarTvelos eklesiis sakuTrebaSi ar moiazreba, rac samarTliani

ar aris.

vimedovnebT, saqarTvelos xelisufleba Cvens konstruqciul

winadadebas gaiTvaliswinebs molaparakebebisas~.

aRsaniSnavia, rom TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebobs qarTuli

kulturis Zeglebi: Tuxarisi, artanuji, opiza, xanZTa, dolisyana,

Satberdi, tbeTi, oTxTa, dolisyana, xaxuli, oSki, iSxani, jmerki, daba,

bareTelTa, wyarosTavi, minZaZori, parexi da sxv. (xoStaria 2005).

axlaxan TurqeTis mxarem oSkis taZarSi sarestavracio samuSaoebi

qarTul mxaresTan SeuTanxmeblad warmarTa, rac, bunebrivia, qarTul

mxares miuReblad miaCnia. TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli

Zeglebis sakiTxs, ZiriTadad, qarTuli nacionaluri media exmianeba.

TurqeTis qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebisaTvis es sakiTxi,

samwuxarod, aqtualuri ar aris.

115

TurqeTis qarTvelebis gamocemebi

Jurnali `Cveneburi~

1977 wels pirvelad Turqul enaze stokholmSi Jurnali

`Cveneburi~ gamoica. SvedeTis dedaqalaqSi 1977-78 ww. `Cveneburis~ xuTi

nomeri daistamba, rac dakavSirebuli iyo Saniver akinis (Salva

TevzaZe) saxelTan (sxvaTa Soris, SvedeTis qarTuli saTvistomos

Camoyalibebis sakiTxic Saniver akinis (TevzaZe) saxels ukavSirdeba).

1979 wels stambolSi ahmed ozqan (melaSvilis) xelmZRvanelobiT

VI da VII nomrebi daistamba. Jurnalis redaqtors, qarTuli kulturis

did moamages, Tanadgomas uwevda gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri da

sazogado moRvawe, profesori oTar gigineiSvili. 1980 wlis ivlisSi

redaqtoris tragikulma daRupvam Jurnalis gamocema SeaCera.

gardaicvala oTar gigineiSvilic.

`Cveneburi~ 1993 w. Tebervlis bolos Jurnalis saredaqcio sabWos

wevrebma aRadgines. gamomcemeli iyo SevqeT Sirini, mTavari redaqtori

_ fahreTin CiloRlu (beqa CilaSvili; igive farna WilaZe). 1997

wlidan `Cveneburis~ gamomcemeli da xelmZRvaneli osman nuri merjani

(oTar imedaSvili) gaxda: `awi Cven vimuSavebT, rom Cveni `sisxlis~ ena

ar gaqres, ar daviviwyoT. `gonji~ saqmea, roca kaci Tavis sisxls

daiviwyebs, Tavis enas pativs ar scems da mas ar laparakobs~.

ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) daibada 1922 w. 10 ivniss TurqeTis sof.

qoCbairSi (baliqesiris olqi). aq 1877-78 ww. ruseT-osmaleTis omis

dros arTvinis olqis murRulis raionis sof. arxvadan

gadmosaxlebul qarTvelebs ucxovriaT. ahmedis mama _ Tevfiqi _ im

midamoSi ganTqmuli qviTxuro yofila, jameebi da minareTebi

auSenebia. Segirdebad qarTvelebi hyolia, romelTac, xelobis garda,

qarTul simRerebsac aswavlida. Tevfiq ozqani SesaniSnavad ukravda

qarTul xalxur sakravebze, uamravi leqsi da simRera icoda.

sabolood, misi jgufi qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis

116

ansamblad iqca. ahmed ozqanis xuTi dedmamisSvili qarTul garemoSi

izrdeboda. ahmeds deda bavSvobaSi gardaecvala, mama _ 1959 wels.

ahmeds pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba Tavisi soflis skolaSi

miuRia, Semdeg bandirmasa da baliqesiris liceumebSi uswavlia. 1943

wels swavla izmiris vaJTa meore liceumSi daasrula.

baliqesiris liceumSi swavlisas mas da mis qarTvel megobrebs

laTinuri anbanis safuZvelze qarTuli anbani SeudgeniaT da mimowera

gauCaRebiaT. mxolod 21 wlis asakSi Seityo ahmedma TurqeTSi

gadasaxlebuli erTi qarTvelisagan qarTuli anbanisa da stambolSi

qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. qalaq stambolSi

specialurad Casuli, qarTuli wera-kiTxviT dainteresebuli

axalgazrdebisaTvis, mSobliuri ena stambolis qarTuli kaTolikuri

eklesiis moZRvars, mama pavles uswavlebia. qarTuli enis Seswavlis

interesi gaZlierda maSin, rodesac ahmedi da misi megobrebi TurqeTis

dedaqalaqSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad Casulan.

1943 w. ahmedi stambolis teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis

fakultetis studenti gaxda. is megobrobda nuri ergunTan (jinWaraZe),

qemal erilmazTan (jinWaraZe) da sxv. qarTuli warmomavlobis

TanamemamuleebTan. studentTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi arsebuli cudi

pirobebis gamo ahmedi avadmyofobda. 1946 wels xelmokleobisa da

janmrTelobis gauaresebis gamo man swavla Sewyvita. 1950 wlidan

izmirSia. 1952-54 ww. am qalaqis municipalitetis arqiteqturis

sammarTveloSi muSaobda. 1954-1959 ww. naziliSi safrangeT-TurqeTis

erToblivi qemeris kaSxlis mSeneblobaze samxazvelo saxelosnoSia.

1955 w. ahmedma stambolSi iqorwina iuqsel ergunze (jinWaraZe),

SeeZina qal-vaJi, Tamari da iberia. 1959 w. bursaSi gadavida vilaeTebis

dagegmvis sammarTveloSi samuSaod. erTi wlis Semdeg Tavi aRidgina

saswavlebelSi da mesame kursidan ganagrZo swavla. saswavlebeli

warmatebiT daasrula da bursaSi dabrunda.

117

daiwyo muSaoba wignze `gurjistani _ kultura, literatura,

xelovneba, istoria, folklori~. wignis (`qarTuli sofeli hairie

TurqeTSi~) gamocemaSi mxardaWeris TxovniT ahmedma 1973 w. 28 marts

werili gaugzavna amerikaSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs. ufro konkretulad,

werilis adresatebi iyvnen: comaia, sindikeli, jobaZe, zaldastani,

baraTeli da sulxani: `asi wlis win saqarTvelos maWaxel raionidan

gadmosaxlebuli sofel hairie TurqeTSi qalaq bursas axlos aris. me

da amerikeli pol magnarela anTrefologiuri da mecnieruli wigns

vwerT. 90% damTavrda. wignSi aris soflis dRevandeli Cveuleba,

ekonomika, andazebi, gamocanebi da leqsebi. suraTebic bevri iqneba. am

mniSvnelovan qarTul sofelSi jer qorwilebSi qarTuli xalxuri

cekvebi da simRerebi aris. qarTulai vlaparakobT. Cven gvinda rom

eseni ar davkargoT. Cveni wigni `qarTuli sofeli hairie TurqeTSi~

(inglisur enaze) daaxloebiT 300 gverdi iqneba.

am mokle cnobis Semdeg ai Cveni erovnuli da istoriuli Txovna:

Cven gvinda rom am wignSi sofelSi myof qarTuli xalxuri simRerebic

iyos. gigzavniT am werilTan erTad 1) qarTuli firfitis ydas, 2)

erTi qarTuli firfitas, Cven gvinda rom sofelSi myof es simRerebi,

romlebic Cawerilia amerikaSi unda gakeTdes 2 formaT da Cven

wignTan erTad gaiyidos. wigns dabeWdavs b-n pol magnarela, ven

montis universitetis antropologiis ganyofilebis viliamis

samecniero `xoli~, magram firfitebs ver gaakeTebs. Cven gvinda, rom

Tqven mandauri qarTvelebi Cveni soflis simRerebi 2 formaT

gaakeToT da waumateT Cven wignSi, amis Sesaxeb mimowera gaaCaReT pol

magnarelasTan. Tu qarTveli xarT da Tu qarTvelobT gulSi es

sakiTxi SeasruleT. am erovnul da patriotul saqmeSi Tu

degvexmareT qarTvelma xalxma dagvafasebs Cvenc da Tqvenc.

Tu SeiZleba sazogadoebas SeatyobineT. gmadlobT aqauri qarTve-

lebis saxeliT. gisurvebT warmatebas suliT da guliT erovnul da

mSobliur sakiTxebSi. veli pasuxs mouTmenlad.

118

marad erTguli ahmed ozqan (melaSvili)~.

werilze ahmed ozqan melaSvilma 1973 w. 28 dekembers pasuxi miiRo

amerikis qarTuli sazogadoebis prezident q-n elza comaiasgan:

`pativcemulo batono ahmed,

Tqveni wignebis safasurSi gigzavniT 200 dolars, romelic baton

sindikeli SegpirdaT. gisurvebT nayofier muSaobas.

gilocavT Tqven da yvela mand myof qarTvelebs bednier

axalweliwads. elza comaia.~

sapasuxod TurqeTis qarTveli moRvawe elza comaias ugzavnis

Semdeg werils:

`Zvirfas mamuliSvil q-n elza comaias.

dRes miviRe Tqveni Zvirfasi werili da 200 dolaris Ceqi.

giZRvniT did madlobas. qarTul sakiTxze Sromas vagrZeleb. xelSi

erTi romani `Caumqrali kera~ da `vefxistyaosani~ maqs. pirveli mokle

xanSi gamova. meore ar vici rodis. vsargeblob qarTul, azerbaijanul

da frangul enebidan. 60% davamTavre. Zvirfaso qalbatono, ra kargi

iqneboda axlos vyofiliyaviT, aq Zalian didad mniSvnelovani

sakiTxebia gasakeTebeli.

b-n sindikeli Zalian cota xans iyo aq. bevr dros yofiliyo bevr

soflebSi waviyvandiT da bevri sakiTxebi xelSi aviRebdiT.

mniSvnelovani Txovna: aq stambolSi aris qarTuli eklesia. iq

aris pavle aqobaSvili (adgulaZe). aman misca 2 suraTi b-n sindikels.

b-n sindikels unda gamoegzavna es 2 istoriuli suraTi. Tu SeiZleba

moagoneT mas. aqobaSvilma mwers da daJinebiT Txovs suraTebi.

jerjerobiT amdeni eyofa, Tu aqidan rame Txovna gaqsT momwereT,

siamovnebiT SegisrulebT.

gilocavT axal wels, gisurvebT mravals daeswroT.

gisurvebT warmateba erovnul da mSobliur sakiTxebSi.

marad erTguli ahmed ozqan (melaSvili)~.

119

1959 w. ahmed ozqan (melaSvilma) sofel hairieSi Camoayaliba

axalgazrduli folkloruli ansambli, romelmac bursaSi gamarTul

festivalSi gaimarjva. ansamblma sxva RonisZiebebSic gamoiCina Tavi.

sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnul safuZvelze, amJamad arsebobs ansambli

`kafdaRi~, romelsac iberia ozqan (melaSvili) xelmZRvanelobs.

1965 wels ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) safrangeTSi Cavida, Sexvda

iqaur qarTvel emigrantebs, romlebTanac adre hqonda mimowera.

ahmed ozqan (melaSvils) didi wvlili miuZRvis inegolis

kavkasiuri xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis sazogadoebis Seqmnasa

da muSaobaSi.

1968 w. qamil olgunis (TavadiZe), hairi hairioRlus (malaymaZe) da

sxva TanamemamuleTa materialur-moraluri mxardaWeriT, gamovida misi

wigni _ `gurjistani _ kultura, literatura, xelovneba, istoria,

folklori~. wignis dastambvidan mcire xnis Semdeg avtors islamisa

da Turqi xalxis upativcemuloba da komunizmis propaganda daswames,

daapatimres. ori Tvis Semdeg sasamarTlom es braldeba gaauqma. mas

Semdeg, rac ahmed ozqan (melaSvilma) sofel hairies dawyebiTi skolis

biblioTekas `dedaena~ gadasca, policiam misi bina gaCxrika da

sxvadasxva saxis literatura CamoarTva. miuxedavad amisa, man Targmna

al. yazbegis `elguja~; qarTuli, franguli da azerbaijanuli

teqstebis moSveliebiT, SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnas

Seudga. misi redaqtorobiT gamovida simon qvarianis `giorgi saakaZe~

da iusuf faRavas `Caumqrali kera~ (mTargmneli: ibrahim goraZe).

1977 wels gamoica Jurnali `Cveneburi~, romlis redaqtoric ahmed

ozqan (melaSvili) gaxda.

ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) orgzis, 1975-sa da 1977 wlebSi,

stumrobda saqarTvelos.

ahmed ozqan (melaSvilis) saqmianoba TvalSi ar mosdioda

adgilobriv xelisufalT. is 1980 wlis 5 ivniss, qalaq bursaSi,

sakuTari saxlis win mokles. mZimed daWres misi Svili iberia.

120

ahmedi dakrZales sofel hairieSi. misma Tanakurselma,

arqiteqturis profesorma jengiz eruzunma, warmoSobiT lazma,

saflavis epitafiaSi zustad gamoxata misi Rvawli: `ahmedma miwas

garTxmuli Cveni erovnuli TviTSegneba aswia, agvamaRla. Cvenc avyeviT,

magram ver gavutoldiT~... misi saflavis qvaze Semdegi teqsti aweria:

`ahmed ozqan melaSvili. me ukvdavebisaTvis ki ara, Cemi xalxisTvis

vicxovre~ (kalandia 2010: 183).

ahmed ozqans (melaSvils) darCa ori Svili: Tamari da iberia.

iberia kerZo arqiteqturul saqmianobas eweva, xelmZRvanelobs

qarTul folklorul ansambl `kafdaRs~.

Jurnali `Cveneburi~ Turqulenovania.

am ramdenime wlis win TurqeTis qarTvelebma TxovniT mimarTes

qveynis tele-radio korporaciis direqtoratsa da umaRles sabWos,

rom kviraSi xuTjer gasuliyo naxevarsaaTiani gadacema, romelTa

Sinaarsi maTTvis cnobili iqneboda. moTxovna Seesabameboda TurqeTis

respublikis kanonmdeblobas. sxvaTa Soris, telegadacemebi momzadda

eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis xuT sxvadasxva enaze, qurTul, zazas

(qurTuli enis gansxvavebuli dialeqti), adiRur (romelsac Cerqezuls

uwodeben), arnavuTul da boSnakur enebze. ignorirebuli iyo qarTuli

da lazuri. orive enaze gadacemaTa momzadebis iniciativas uari eTqva.

iniciatorebma ar ician ramdeni qarTveli uyurebs am gadacemebs,

Tumca, survili didia, rom yvela qarTvelma ixilos.

JurnalSi gamoikveTa problema: saWiroa qarTuli enis

Semswavleli ufaso kursebis gaxsna, aseve, Cveneburebs saqarTvelos

universitetebSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis saSualeba unda mieces;

qarTuli gamocemebi moralur da materialur daxmarebasac saWiroebs.

Zneli warmosadgenia `Cveneburis~ qarTulenovani gamocema. radgan

Turqulenovan `Cvenebursac~ ki, TurqeTis qarTvelTa Soris sasurveli

raodenobis mkiTxveli ar hyavda. Jurnali 2006 wlidan aRar ibeWdeba.

121

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom internetSi ganTavsebuli veb-gverdi

www.chveneburi.net naxevrad qarTulenovania.

muslim qarTvelTa Soris termin `Cveneburis~ gamoyenebis

Taviseburebas xazs usvams fahreTin CiloRlu. misi TqmiT, mahmadiani

gurjebi `qarTveli xar?~-is nacvlad, `Cveneburi xar?~, `qarTuli icis~

magier ki _ `Cveneburad icis?~ amboben.

Turqulad dawerili statiebi, ZiriTadad, originaluria da,

umTavresad, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis kalams

ekuTvnis. maT mierve aris Sesrulebuli Targmanebis umravlesoba.

redaqciaSi aqtiurad moRvaweoben warmoSobiT qarTveli avtorebi:

osman nuri merjani (oTar imedaSvili), fahredin CiloRlu (beqa

CilaSvili), hairi hairioRlu (malaymaZe), mustafa iaquTi

(ximSiaSvili), ragif aTai, hasan Celiqi, ismail iaziji da sxv.

Jurnalis rubrikebia: `xalxuri Semoqmedeba~, `xelovneba-litera-

tura~, `Tvalsazrisi~, `istoria~, `bavSvTaTvis~, `qarTuli ena~ da a.S.

1993 wels aRdgenili Jurnalis redaqciam Tavidan qalaq bursaSi,

Semdeg stambolSi daido bina. Jurnali kvartalSi erTxel gamodioda.

`Cveneburi~ rigdeboda TurqeTis yvela kuTxeSi.

oTar imedaSvilis TqmiT, `Zalian Znelia, rom odesme Jurnali

`Cveneburi~ gamoices qarTul enaze.... erTaderTi problema amisaTvis

Sesabamis mkiTxvelTa ararsebobaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom Jurnali

Turqulenovani iyo, Cven mainc gviWirs sasurveli raodenobis

mkiTxvelTa mozidva `Cveneburebs~ Soris, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT

Jurnalis qarTulenovan variantze.~

Jurnali `Cveneburi~ exmianeboda saqarTvelo-TurqeTis urTierTo-

bebs. sxvadasxva qveynis, aRmsareblobis adamianebis gacnoba-daaxloebi-

sa da kulturuli Rirebulebis gacvlis rTulsa da pasuxsageb saq-

meSi Jurnali mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda. (`xidi~; `axali xidi~).

122

Jurnali `firosmani~

orenovani Turqul-qarTuli Jurnali `firosmani~ 2007 wels

gamoica. perioduloba _ kvartalSi erTi nomeri (perioduloba xSirad

darRveulia). gavrcelebis areali _ saqarTvelo, TurqeTi. gamocema

ibeWdeba TurqeTSi, stambolSi. sakorespondencio qseli _ saqarTvelo,

TurqeTi. formati A5, carcis qaRaldi, feradi, 66 gverdiani.

gamocemulia 11 nomeri.

TurqeTSi qarTuli perioduli gamocemebis mdidari tradicia

arsebobs. ahmed ozqan melaSvilis mier gamocemuli ,`Cveneburi~

TurqeTis qarTvelebis sulieri navsayudeli, CvenTvis ki _

Cveneburebis gadarCenis imedi iyo (tradiciebze saubrisas

gasaTvaliswinebelia stambolis kaTolikuri eklesiis stambaSi

dabeWdili Jurnal-gazeTebi).

fahreTin CiloRlu, romelic garkveuli periodi (1993-1997)

redaqtorobda 1993 wels aRdgenil Jurnal `Cveneburs~, SemdgomSi

Jurnal `mamuls~ gamoscemda. samwuxarod, `mamulis~ sul xuTi nomeri

gamovida. fahreTin CiloRlum araerTi qarTveli mwerlis nawarmoebi

Targmna. sxvadasxva dros Turqul periodikasa da Jurnal `CveneburSi~

gabneulma Targmanebma krebulebSi moiyara Tavi.

fahreTin CiloRlus kalams ekuTvnis `qarTvelTa istoria~. wigns

`saqarTvelos istoria~ ar hqvia, radgan exeba ara marto saqarT-

veloSi mcxovreb, aramed samSoblos mowyvetil Tanamemamuleebs,

romlebmac SeinarCunes qarTvelobis xsovna da qarTuli ena. fahreTin

CiloRlum aRmoaCina da Zveli osmaluridan Tanamedrove Turqul

enaze Targmna 1893 wels stambolSi gamocemuli wigni _ `qarTuli

soflebi~. kvlevis avtoria ismeTzade mehmed arifi. ruseT-osmaleTis

omis (1877-1878) dros Woroxis xeobaSi mdgari rusuli jaris oficeri

ivane jaiani `droebasa~ da `iveriaSi~ werilebs agzavnida aqauri

qarTvelebis yofa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb. es werilebi fahreTinma

123

Turqulad Targmna da gamocemas `werilebi SavSeTidan~ daarqva.

Semdeg Targmna abdul miqelaZis wignic – `werilebi aWaridan~.

mniSvnelovania CiloRlus mier momzadebuli `dedaena~, romelic

Turquli damwerlobis mcodne qarTvelebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.

`TurqulSi ar arsebobs aseTi sityva _ `uCinmaCini~, gadavwyvite,

Cemi moTxrobebis Turqulenovani gamocema qarTulad damesaTaurebina,

amitomac yvela mekiTxeba, ras niSnavs `uCinmaCini~? mec ase veubnebi:

waikiTxeT wigni da mixvdebiT!~ _ ambobs fahreTin CiloRlu, TurqeTSi

mcxovrebi qarTveli, romlis moTxrobebis krebuli _ `uCinmaCini~

daibeWda TurqeTSi da, rogorc misi sxva gamocemebi, popularulia

iqaur mkiTxvelebSi. wignSi Sesulia ocdaori moTxroba, maTgan

ramdenimes mwerlis Zveli gamocemebidan icnobs mkiTxveli, ramdenime

ki _ ucnobi novelaa.

ufro adre Turqulenovani gamocemebidan SerCeuli moTxrobebi

iTargmna qarTul enaze, wigns `sasazRvro fiqrebi~ (CiloRlu 2006)

daeqva da gamomcemloba `artanujis~ mier gamoica. moTxrobebi

Turqulidan Targmnes: lela dadianma, nana kaWaravam, mirian maxaraZem.

qarTulenovan gamocemas qarTvel mkiTxvelTa sazogadoebaSi

damfasebelic bevri gamouCnda, qarTul periodul gamocemebSi

araerTi publikacia, recenzia gamoqveynda. ra Tqma unda, Turqul

enaze gamocemuli `uCinmaCinic~ popularobiT sargeblobs Turq

mkiTxvelTa sazogadoebaSi, aseve, kritikosebSi, romlebic dadebiTad

axasiaTeben qarTuli warmoSobis mwerlis literaturul moRvaweobas...

fahreTin CiloRluს რedaqtorobით TurqeTSi გამოდიოდა

orenovanი, qarTul-Turqulი periodulი gamocema, Jurnalი

`firosmanი~, aseve, მის მიერ არის დაარსებული eleqtronuli

sainformacio gverdi www.konapedia.com, romelic enciklopediuri

xasiaTis masalebs awvdis mkiTxvels saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis

Sesaxeb. amJamad internetportals iasin onju (iveri msxalaZe)

xelmZRvanelobs.

124

`orenovani Jurnali, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxva mraval

qveyanaSi, arc TurqeTSi araa axali ambavi, magram Tu saqme qarTul-

Turqul Jurnals Seexeba, maSin Tamamad unda vTqvaT, rom es

namdvilad sruliad axali da uCveulo ambavia. maSin, rodesac

TurqeTis arcerT universitetSi ar iswavleba arc qarTuli ena da

literatura da arc qarTvelologiis ganxra arsebobs, aseTi

Jurnalis gamocema, marTlac rom, riggareSe da didad mniSvnelovan

movlenad unda CaiTvalos. arc gamomcemlebSi urevia vinme

qarTvelologi, magram, rodesac Seni fesvebi swored am

qarTvelologTa Seswavlis sagnad gamxdari uZvelesi kulturidan

modis, am kulturis pativiscema, siyvaruli da sisxlis yivili

orenovan Jurnalsac gamogaceminebs. saqveynod aRiarebuli qarTveli

mxatvris, niko firosmanaSvilis pativsacemad Jurnalis saxelad

`firosmani~ SevarCieT da keTili grZnobebiT aRsavseni, donkixoturi

TavgametebiT SevudeqiT Zneladsaval gzas.

raRa Tqma unda, `firosmani~ mxolod mis gamosacemad momuSave

viwro wris Jurnali araa. igi qarTuli kulturiT da mwerlobiT

dainteresebuli yvela adamianisaTvis, mwerlisa Tu mkiTxvelisaTvisaa

gankuTvnili. Turqi mkiTxvelis didi nawili pirvelad swored am

Jurnalidan Seityobs Tu ras niSnavs `kolxuri TeTri~, `berikaoba~,

`Tamada~, `yanwi~, `xinkali~ da sxva mravali cneba, romelic adre

raRac idumali burusiT iyo moculi. aseve, am Jurnalis meSveobiT

ewvevian isini Tbiliss, baTums, soxums, mcxeTas, quTaiss, cxinvals,

dmaniss, varZias, vans da sxva mraval RirsSesaniSnav istoriul

adgils. qarTveli mkiTxveli ki, romelmac isedac mSvenivrad icis

`kolxuri TeTris~, `berikaobis~, `Tamadis~, `yanwisa~ da `xinklis~

mniSvneloba, imas Seityobs, Tu ra kvali datova da rogori

mniSvneloba SeinarCuna am da kidev sxva mravalma idumalma mcnebebma

aqeT, Cvensken. friad saintereso gacvla-gamocvlasTan gveqneba saqme.

125

xandaxan `uCinmaCinis qudsac~ davixuravT da xandaxan kolxeTis

sanapirosTan `oqros sawmisisaTvis~ momdgar stumrebsac davxvdebiT.

`es Jurnali rom ar gamogecaT, ra moxdebodao, rom mkiTxoT,

getyviT, rom SevrcxvebodiT!~ _ wers fahreTin CiloRlu, Jurnalis

redaqtori; saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi arian: erdal quCuqki,

mustafa iaquTi, hasan Celiqi, irine giviaSvili, qevser iugun ruhi,

lela dadiani, liana axobaZe, hajer ozqani, lela msxlaZe

(gaCeCilaZe), varlam nikolaZe, iveri msxalaZe; gamomcemeli gaxlavT

Senol Tabani. `firosmanis~ avtorebi Cveneburebi arian iqiTa da aqeTa

saqarTvelodan. ai, ras wers Cveneburi mwerali qali, qeTevan xanTaZe

(qevser ruhi): `Cven droSi mogzaur, sakuTar miwa-wyals mowyvetil,

tanjviTa da vaebiT Sor gzaze maval im ltolvilTa, sxvanairad rom

vTqvaT, im muhajirTa STamomavalni varT, romelTac es qveyana

samSoblod eqcaT. winaparTagan gadmocemebiRa SemogvrCa. TiTqos,

ambebis mTxrobelebma es gadmocemebi kalTaSi Cagviyares, TviTon ki

drois dinebas gahyvnen, gauCinardnen. naRveliT gajerebuli,

TaobebisaTvis gadacemuli mogzaurobaTa istoriebi Soreulma

warsulma STanTqa. Tumca, TurqeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs arasodes

gangvicdia uaryofiTi emocia, romelic `umciresobis~ gancdas

ukavSirdeba, magram sulis siRrmeSi yovelTvis gvaxsovs, rom `sxvani~

varT. da es SegrZneba im moSuSebul iaras emsgavseba, romlis

nawiburebic bolomde ver Sexorcda da drodadro iCens xolme Tavs.

ena, romelzedac ojaxSi vsaubrobT, gansxvavebulia. zog tradiciul

Cvevasac vagrZelebT... da mainc, am miwis ena, Turquli ena, Cveni

grZnobebis gamoxatvis ukidegano SesaZleblobaTa wyaros warmoadgens.

ltolvilobisagan dafleTil Cvens sulebs Turquli ena makurnebel

malamod moelamuna, Wrilobebi mogviSuSa... Cven, tkivilgamovlil

adamianebs, werisaTvis sakmarisi mizezi gvaqvs... es satkivari

anatolielebTan erTad gadavlaxeT...

126

mwerloba jadosnuri gasaRebiviTaa. mas literaturis zRapruli

samyaros yvela karis gaReba SeuZlia, moTxrobebisa da leqsebisaken

mimavali karisac ki... am karTagan TiToeuls mSvenierebis gzaze

mivyavarT da saocrebaTa qveynis silamazesTan gvaziarebs. firosmanic

xom erT-erTi karia...~

`firosmanis~ Tematika mravalferovani da sainteresoa, redaqcia

exmianeba saqarTveloSi da TurqeTSi mimdinare kulturul procesebs.

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa lela margianis publikacia, romelic

exeba festival `Cveneburebis~ TurqeTis `CveneburebTan~ stumrobas.

saerTaSoriso festivali `Cveneburebi~ meoTxed Catarda, amjerad

festivali gascda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da Tavisi qarTveli

monawileebiT Tavad ewvia TurqeTis `Cveneburebs~. meoTxe festivalis

maspinZeli iyo TurqeTis bursis mxaris qalaq inegolis `kavkasiuri

folklorisa da kulturis sazogadoeba~, romelic inegolSi 1977

wlidan arsebobs. gairkva, rom aseT RonisZiebas inegolis sazogadoeba

ukve eqvsi welia atarebs da ai, meSvide Sexvedra imiT aRmoCnda

mniSvnelovani, rom misi monawile gaxldaT asociacia `qarTuli

kultura saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT~, agreTve,

saerTaSoriso festivali `Cveneburebi~. RonisZiebaSi saqarTvelodan

oTxi SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi monawileobda: folkloruli ansambli

`Savnabada~ (xelmZRvaneli daTo cincaZe), Tbilisis operisa da

baletis bavSvTa cekvis ansambli (xelmZRvaneli Tamaz gogotiSvili),

Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis

cekvis ansambli (xelmZRvaneli Tamaz yuraSvili) da bavSvTa

qoreografiuli ansambli `Tarikoni~ (xelmZRvanelebi: rati tvildiani

da maka maqacaria), maT inegolSi SeuerTdnen moskovis qarTuli

saTvistomos cekvis ansambli `iberioni~ (xelmZRvaneli qeTi

CalaTaSvili), ansambli aSS-dan `mavi dansi~ da maspinZeli qalaqis

SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi (xelmZRvaneli leqso melua).

127

aseve sainteresoa, saredaqcio werili niko firosmanis gamofenis

Sesaxeb, romelic peras muzeumSi, TurqeTis respublikaSi gaimarTa. es

RonisZieba miT ufro sainteresoa, rom Jurnali didi Semoqmedis

mosaxelea.

`firosmanis saxeliT cnobili niko firosmanaSvili msoflioSi

aRiarebuli mxatvaria. firosmanis naxatebi ganumeorebeli

individualuri TvisebebiT gamoirCeva, mis xalovnebas `naivuri~

mxatvrobis mimdinareobas ukavSireben. niko firosmani saqarTvelos

qarTveli xalxis da kulturis simbolod gvevlineba da saqarTvelos

erTgvari samarko niSania. stambolSi gamomavali Cveni Jurnalis

saxelwodebaa `firosmani~. ase gavacaniT igi TurqeTs Tavidan.

Semdeg mxatvari mobrZanda Tavisi didebuli SemoqmedebiT.

stambolis peras muzeumSi 2007 wlis 1 agvistos gaixsna gamofena

`naivuri xelovnebis mwvervali: firosmani.~ gamofenaze warmodgenili

iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis eqsponatebi _ niko firosmanis 35

namuSevari. gamofena farTod gaSuqda TurqeTis masmediaSi. `pikasos

sayvareli mxatvari~ _ ase moixsenebdnen firosmanisadmi miZRvnil

werilebSi qarTvel mxatvars. peras muzeumSi, firosmanis gamofenis

mopirdapire mxares, meore darbazSi pikasos naxati gamoifina. inan

kiraCis naTqvams Tu davesesxebiT, `msoflios yvelaze saocari

Semoqmedi da saqarTvelos legendaruli mxatvari~ firosmani da

pikaso stambolSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs.

firosmanis momajadoebelma, msoflio mniSvnelobis xelovnebam

TiTqos Cven Jurnalsac gauxsna gza. pirveli nomris gamosvlisTanave

TbilisSi 27 maiss gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze `saqarTve-

lo da diaspora~ Jurnal `firosmanis~ prezentacia Sedga. 15 ivniss

ukve stambolSi movawyveT Jurnal `firosmanis~ wardgenis saRamo.

Jurnali `firosmani~ pirvelive dRidan masmediis yuradRebis centrSi

moeqca. am garemoebas mniSvnelovanwilad niko firosmanis saxels, mis

popularobas vumadliT. TbilisSi saerTaSoriso konferenciaze

128

msoflios ormoci qveynidan Camosulma qarTuli diasporis warmoma-

dgenlebma Jurnal `firosmans~ pirveli aRiareba moutanes. yovelive am

sasiamovno movlenis kvaldakval, albaT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom

Rirseulad vatarebT firosmanis saxels~ (fahreTin CiloRlu).

Jurnali mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul

legendebsa Tu miTebs: `mTvarisa da xaris kulti qarTul

miTologiaSi~, `mindias tragedia~; acnobs tradiciebs _ `berikaoba

saqarTveloSi~, `qsovis `filosofia~ zemo aWaraSi~, `kolxuri TeTri~,

`naosnoba liganis xeobaSi~, Zveli xidebis istorias `Zveli xidebi

saqarTveloSi~, `giorgi gurielis saflavi trapizonSi~, `qarTveli

qalis erovnuli samoseli~ da sxv. sainteresoa gacnobiTi xasiaTis

masalebi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqebis (Tbilisi, mcxeTa), aseve,

istoriuli Zeglebis (varZia) Sesaxeb. calkeuli werilebi eZRvneba

niko firosmanis calkeul tiloebs.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa problemuri Temebisadmi miZRvnili

publikaciebi: `kavkasiis rukebi, rogorc politikuri brZolebis

iaraRebi~, `qarTvelebis migracia~, `qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis

Sesaxeb megzurTa seminari~, JurnalSi ibeWdeba kvlevebi: `osebi

saqarTveloSi da ganmeorebuli istoria~. `iarmarka~ _ rusifikacia

qarTul erovnul ekonomikaSi~, `ruseTis mier afxazeTis dapyroba da

afxazTa muhajiroba~. JurnalSi adgili eTmoba istoriis furclebs,

romlebic saqarTvelo-TurqeTis urTierTobebs asaxavs, mag.,

`Cveneburebis~ Sesaxeb: 1877-78 wlebis gadasaxlebebi da qarTveli

muhajirebi TurqeTSi~. redaqtoris sveti _ `eTnikuri wmenda _

danaSauli kacobriobis winaSe~, sadac dagmobilia saqarTvelos

mimarT ruseTis politika. aRsaniSnavia, rom Jurnal `firosmanis~ me-6

(2008) nomeri ruseT-saqarTvelos oms eZRvneba.

JurnalSi daibeWda werilebi qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis

moqalaqeebis Sesaxeb: `ruSTu bozkurti _ gamorCeuli qarTveli~.

aseve, gamoqveynda Tina SioSvilis publikacia `ruseT-TurqeTis

129

omebisa da aWarelTa muhajirobis amsaxveli folklori~. aRsaniSnavia,

rom publikaciaSi gaSuqebulia zepirsityvierebaSi SemorCenili

samSobloSi darCenilTa da TurqeTis sxvadasxva regionSi mcxovreb

qarTvel muhajirTa Semoqmedeba.

lia ClaiZe kvlevaSi `muhajiruli da usamSobloobis poezia~

gvTavazobs XIX s. II naxevarSi CrdiloeTkavkasiasa da folklorSi

asaxul saqarTveloSi datrialebuli muhajirobis istorias.

daTo turaSvilis werilebia: `merve saocreba~ kapadokiis Sesaxeb,

`jinsebis qarTuli istoria~, `qarTuli stamboli~ da sxv.

gamocema qarTveli Turqologebis mier momzadebul wignebs

gvacnobs. am ukanasknel publikaciaze gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni

yuradReba, publikaciaSi moTxrobilia Turqi mecnierebis qarTuli

kulturuli ZeglebiT dainteresebis Sesaxeb. xelovnebis istorikosma

uRur aildizma sazogadoebas warudgina monografia `Savi zRvis

sanapiro Siledan baTumamde~, romelic TurqeTSi ganlagebuli

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis sakiTxebsac moicavda. werilis avtoris

_ guram ximSiaSvilis _ TqmiT, am naSromiT saintereso informacia

miiRo mogzaurobiT dainteresebulma sazogadoebam Zeglebis zusti

adgilmdebareobis, misasvleli gzebisa da am gzebis mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb. TurqeTSi stambolis megzurTa sazogadoebis wyalobiT

icnoben aseve kulturisa da turizmis saministros warmomadgenlis,

xelovnebis istorikosis fahrie bairamis monografiasac _ `arTvinSi

mdebare qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebi~. qarTuli Zeglebis

SeswavlisaTvis avtorma didi samuSaoebi gaswia sxva Turq kolegebTan

erTad: mine qadiroRlu, Turgai iazari, jafer qaraja da sxv.

espediciebi 1995, 1996 wlebSi Catarda. mecnierebma Seiswavles da

dawvrilebiT aRweres arTvinis, artanujis, erzrumis, oluris, olTus,

TorTumis teritoriebze mdebare Zeglebi. es kvlevebi, ra Tqma unda,

Cveni, rigiTi adamianebisTvis da qarTveli mecnierebisTvisac

saintereso da dasafasebelia.

130

bunebrivia, Jurnals hyavs Cveneburi mkiTxvelic, romlisTvisac

qarTuli andazebi Zalian sainteresoa. `unies qarTvelebis andazebis~

rubrikiT xalxSi SemorCenili zepirsityviereba cocxldeba.

JurnalSi ibeWdeba Cveneburi avtorebis werilebic: `maWaxelis

meore mxare~ (iunus isini), `gadaRma mxare~ (qeTevan xanTaZe), `arTvinis

mosaxleobis salaparako ena~ (Taner arTvinli), `sofeli madeni

(bazgireTi)~ (daviT miqelaZe), `rogor viswavle qarTuli~ (aidin aqini)

da sxv. JurnalSi TurqeTis qarTuli samzareulos kerZebis recepte-

bic aris SemoTavazebuli. axali wignebis rubrikiT ibeWdeba recen-

ziebi axladgamocemul Turqulenovan da qarTulenovan gamocemebze.

ai, rogor ixsenebs fahreTin CiloRlu sakuTari moRvaweobis

dasawyiss: `stambolSi, universitetSi swavlisas erTi megobari myavda,

masTan erTad zRvaze wavedi. iq gavicani mwerali _ rifaT ilgazi,

isec vicnobdiT mas, radgan cnobili iyo, piradad gavicaniT da man

mkiTxa: _ sadauri xar? _ uniedan _ vupasuxe. _ maSin Sen iqnebi

qarTveli, _ miTxra man. _ diax, qarTveli var. _ Jurnal `Cveneburis~

Sesaxeb Tu ici? _ mkiTxa. _ ara _ vupasuxe. _ ranairi qarTveli xar

Tu `Cveneburis~ Sesaxeb araferi icio... es adamiani icnobda ahmed

ozqan (melaSvils) da gaixsena is. cixeSi erTad isxdnen. mwvane perangs

ar iSorebda da amitom mas `ieSil ahmeds~ veZaxdiTo, mis mier

gamocemuli Jurnalia `Cveneburi~, _ miTxra cnobilma mweralma. ase

gavicani es didi mniSvnelobis gamocema, pirvelad qarTuli anbani iq

vnaxe, gagonilic ki ar mqonda qarTul damwerlobaze, maSin 1980 weli

da Cems cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani dReebi iyo~.

mwerlis moRvaweobis qveteqstebSi naTlad ikiTxeba nostalgiuri

grZnoba. fahreTin CiloRlus moRvaweobac TurqeTSi Turqi

kolegebisagan gansxvavebulia da es, ra Tqma unda, nakarnaxevia

mxolod warmomavlobiT _ qarTvelobiT, romelic, saerTod,

sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelebSi xSirad cxovrebis ganmsazRvrel

faqtoradac ki gvevlineba. ucxo garemoSi aRmoCenili adamiani

131

sakuTari identobis dacvas sakuTar cxovrebas Sealevs, cdilobs

sakuTari wvlili Seitanos sakuTari eTnosis dominanti eTnosisaTvis

wardgenis saqmeSi. am SemTxvevaSi fahreTin CiloRlus moRvaweoba

TurqeTSi, marTlac, dasafasebeli da samagaliToa.

qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis fahreTin CiloRlu dRemde naklebad

cnobili iyo.

Jurnalis gamocema 2010 wels finansuri problemebis gamo Sewyda.

Jurnali `mamuli~

Jurnal `Cveneburis~ paralelurad 1997-1998 wlebSi TurqeTSi

Jurnali `mamuli~ gamoicemoda. Jurnali Turqulenovani gaxldaT.

gamocemis redaqtori fahreTin CiloRlu iyo. `mamulis~ sul xuTi

nomeri daibeWda. gamocema kulturis sferoSi mimdinare movlenebs

exmianeboda, beWdavda publikaciebs qarTveli sazogado moRvaweebis

Sesaxeb, mkiTxvels acnobda qarTuli literaturis Tanamedrove

moRvaweebs. iTargmneboda qarTveli avtorebis nawarmoebebi. Jurnalis

gverdebi eTmoboda eTnologiisa da folkloris sakiTxebs,

miTologias. gamocema cdilobda daxmareboda qarTuli enis Seswavlis

msurvelebs, adgili eTmoboda mcire Turqul-qarTul leqsikons.

`mamulSi~ aqtualuri iyo `muhajirebis~ Tema, aseve, im droisTvis

aqtualuri problemebis Sesaxeb. `mamulis~ mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaecnos

sxvadasxva gazeTidan amokrefil informacias (`mamuli~ 1997-1998).

132

nawili III

fereidani

istoriuli eqskursi

dRevandeli saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa

erT-erTi didi jgufi daaxloebiT oTxi saukunea, rac iranis

islamuri respublikis teritoriaze, ispahanis osTanSi, fereidanSi

(fereidun-Sahri) binadrobs.

qarTvelTa masobrivi iZulebiTi gadasaxleba iranSi sefianTa

dinastiis zeobis dros daiwyo. Sah-Tamaz I oTxjer daesxa Tavs

saqarTvelos (1541-1554) da sparseli istorikosis, hasan rumlus,

cnobiT, marto erTi laSqrobisas ocdaaTi aTasi qarTveli tyved

waiyvana iranSi. Sah-abas I-is dros (1587-1629) iranelTa mier

ganxorcielebuli laSqrobebis Sedegad gacilebiT bevr qarTvels

mouwia iranSi iZulebiT gadasaxleba. iskander munSi aRwers, rom 1616

wels Sahma mxolod kaxeTidan asocdaaTi aTasi adamiani ahyara, xolo

Semdeg, qarTlidanac didZali tyve gauyena iranis gzas. datyvevebuli

qarTvelebi iranis sxvadasxva raionSi: xorasanSi, kaspiiszRvispireTSi,

iranis centralur da dasavleT raionebSi Caasaxles.

qarTvelTa masobrivi gadasaxlebiT Sah-abasi ramdenime ZiriTad

mizans isaxavda:

1. yovelmxriv asustebda daumorCilebel qarTl-kaxeTs;

2. axali qarTuli dasaxlebebiT icavda sakuTar, strategiulad

mniSvnelovan regionebs, maT Soris, ispahans, momTabare tomebis,

baxtiarebis, lurebis, qurTebis gamudmebuli Tavdasxmebisagan;

3. qarTvelTa meSveobiT iranSi nergavda intensiur meurneobas;

4. mamaci qarTveli meomrebiT aZlierebda sakuTar laSqars.

qarTul da iranul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT fiqroben, rom mxolod

sefianTa zeobisas saqarTvelodan iranSi 200 aTasze meti qarTveli

gadaasaxles, mogvianebiT, yajarebis dros kidev _ 50 aTasamde.

133

sadReisod mSobliur enaze molaparake qarTvelebi iranSi

mxolod fereidanSi (ispahanis dasavleTiT 180 km.) darCnen.

XIX s. monacemebiT, qarTvelebis dasaxlebaSi 14 sofelia: SaanaTi,

Toleri, boini, taSkesana, afusi, axCa, Saiurdi, jaRjaRi, sibaqi,

CuRruTi, zemo martyofi, qvemo martyofi, deesuri da ninowminda.

iranis sxva regionebSi qarTvelTa binadrobis Sesaxeb Taname-

drove iranis toponimika miuTiTebs. mag: `gorji-sara~ (qarTvelTa

sasaxle), `gorji-mahale~ (qarTvelTa ubani), `gorji-yala~ (qarTvelTa

cixe) mazandaranSi, `gorji~ da `gorjani~ xorasanSi, `deh-gorji~

(qarTuli sofeli) iranis azerbaijanSi, `gorjai~ qurTistanSi da a.S.

sadReisod fereidanSi kompaqturad mosaxle qarTvelTa

raodenoba, sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT, 30-35 aTasis farglebSi unda

iyos. `irna~ (iranis islamuri respublikis sainformacio saagento)

wers (09. 07. 2004), rom `qarTuli warmoSobis daaxloebiT 20 aTasi

adamiani 400 welze meti xnis win gadmosaxlda am regionSi, ispahanis

samxreT-dasavleTiT 180 km.-ze.

zogierTi statistikuri gaangariSebiT, amJamad ispahanis

provinciaSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 60 aTasi qarTveli. migraciuli

procesebis gamo, XX s. meore naxevarSi fereidnel qarTvelTa nawili

did qalaqebSi TeiranSi, ispahanSi aRmoCnda, ris gamoc maTi zusti

raodenobis dadgena Znelia. zogierTi eqsperti varaudobs, rom

fereidnelTa ricxvi iranSi 60 aTass aRwevs.

pirvel xanebSi qarTvelebi inarCunebdnen rjuls da zne-Cveuleb-

ebs, magram Semdeg maT iZulebiT Seucvales sarwmunoeba, ramac garkve-

ulad maTi eTnografiuli yofac Secvala. dRes fereidneli qarTvel-

ebi islamuri iranis Siituri Temis nawils Seadgenen da gamoirCevian

religiuri wesebis zedmiwevniTi aRsrulebiT. garda iZulebiT gadasa-

xlebulebisa, iranis karze moRvaweobdnen saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva

dros sxvadasxva mizeziT gadaxvewili warCinebuli qarTvelebic.

134

iranSi dasaxlebulma qarTvelebma maSinve daikaves Rirseuli

adgili sefianTa karze. qarTuli warmoSobis araerTma politikurma

Tu samxedro moRvawem mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula iranis

istoriaSi, mis sazogadoebriv-kulturul cxovrebaSi (alaverdi-xan da

imamyuli-xan undilaZeebi da sxv.)

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi icodnen fereidneli

qarTvelebis Sesaxeb, maTTan urTierToba ar hqoniaT. 1871 wels

TbilisSi pirveli fereidnelis, ioTam onikaSvilis, Camosvlas mohyva

ormxrivi urTierTobebi. XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi

Camovidnen sxva fereidnelebic: reza xuciSvili, hosein onikaSvili;

1922 wels _ seifola ioseliani. Tavis mxriv qarTvelebic iCendnen

interess, fereidanSi sxvadasxva dros imyofebodnen: lado aRniaSvili,

ioseb WeiSvili, pavle lorTqifaniZe, ambako WeliZe da sxv.

fereidnel qarTvelTa mier ucxoenovan garemoSi 400 wlis

manZilze mSobliuri enis SenarCunebas msoflioSi, albaT, analogi ar

moeZebneba. fereidnulma kilom mravali Zveli sityva da gamoTqma

SeinarCuna, romelic dRevandel qarTul enaSi aRar moiZebneba.

fereidnelTa metyvelebis mecnieruli Seswavla XX s. 20-ian

wlebSi daiwyo (a. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria). amJamad SesaZlebelia farTo

lingvisturi kvlevebis warmoebac (T. uTurgaiZe, d. CxubianaSvili).

mimdinareobs fereidnel qarTvelTa eTnografiis Seswavlac (o.

miminoSvili, n. barTaia, m. rostomaSvili).

1970-iani wlebis dasawyisSi fereidnelTa ramdenime aTeuli ojaxi

saqarTveloSi, istoriul samSobloSi dabrunda, Tumca, gasuli

saukunis bolo aTwleulSi, saqarTveloSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri

viTarebis gamo zogierTi maTgani iranSi dabrunda.

fereidnuli TematikiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis

samecniero da popularuli literatura arsebobs qarTul (b. javaxia,

g. WipaSvili, z. SaraSeniZe, j. giunaSvili, m. Todua) da sparsul

enebze, romelTa Soris unda gamoiyos ukanasknel wlebSi fereidneli

135

qarTvelebis mier dawerili da iranSi gamocemuli mniSvnelovani

naSromebi _ `iraneli qarTvelebi~ (maleq mohamad rahimi) da `qarT-

velTa adgili iranis istoriasa, kulturasa da civilizaciaSi~ (said

muliani), romelTa qarTulad Targmna sasikeTod waadgeboda qarTul-

iranul urTierTobebs. (www.diaspora.gov.ge) (sonRulaSvili 2005).

2008 wels diasporis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparatma

gamosca said mulianis mier Sedgenili `dedaena~ sparsulenovanTaTvis.

* * *

iranis islamuri respublika 1993 wels erT-erTi pirveli qveyana

iyo, romelmac oficialurad cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da

masTan politikur-kulturuli urTierTobebi wamoiwyo. TbilisSi

iranis islamuri respublikis saelCo, xolo 1994 wels TeiranSi

saqarTvelos saelCo gaixsna. bolo aTwleulis manZilze or qveyanas

Soris politikur-ekonomikurma da kulturulma urTierTobebma

aRmavloba ganicada, Tumca, vfiqrobT, yvela sferoSi TanamSromlobis

ormxrivad arsebuli potenciali jer mTlianad ar gamoyenebula.

2001 wels islamuri respublikis prezidentis, xaTamis miwveviT,

irans saqarTvelos sapatriarqos delegacia estumra. rogorc Cans, ci-

vilizaciaTa dialogis warmarTvaSi, msoflioSi mSvidobis damyarebis

saqmeSi religiur liderebs mniSvnelovan rols akisreben. islamuri

revoluciis Semdeg irani saerTaSoriso izolaciaSi moeqca, aRniSnu-

li viTarebidan Tavis daRwevis mizniT saqarTvelo SemTxveviT ar yo-

fila SerCeuli kontaqtebis dasamyareblad. Cveni qveyana kavkasiis

xalxebs Soris wamyvani poziciis gamo yuradRebis centrSia moqceuli.

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg iranma kidev erTxel dauWira mxari sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobas, teritoriul mTlianobas da yvela sfe-

roSi urTierTobis gaRrmavebis survili kidev erTxel gamoxata. saqa-

rTvelos sagareo politikuri veqtori bolo periodSi gaaqtiurda.

iranTan dawesebuli uvizo reJimi 2011 wlidan amoqmedda. dainiSna

Tbilissa da Teirans Soris pirdapiri aviareisebi.

136

informacia fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri problemebisa da

iniciativebis Sesaxeb

gTavazobT diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

ministris aparatSi (2009-2010 wlebSi aRniSnul sakiTxze Cemi

muSaobisas) gamokveTili fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri

problemebisa da iniciativebis Sesaxeb informacias:

iranis islamur respublikaSi, fereidanSi da saqarTveloSi

qarTuli kulturis centris gaxsna;

qarTuli sakvirao (sazafxulo) skolebis funqcionireba;

fereidanis sajaro skolaSi qarTuli enis gakveTilis damatebiT

sagnad Setana.

fereidneli qarTvelebis gamocemebi:

• nugzar laCinanis `qarTul-sparsuli leqsikonis~

ganaxlebuli gamocema;

• said mulianis `qarTvelTa adgili iranis istoriasa,

kulturasa da civilizaciaSi~ qarTulad Targmna da gamocema;

• said mulianis mier sparsulad Targmnili ambako WeliZis

wignis _ `mogzauroba fereidanSi~ gamocema;

fereidnelTa ojaxebSi Semonaxuli Zveli fotoebis, sigelebis,

xelnawerebis Segroveba;

qarTuli folkloruli Canawerebis, qarTuli xalxuri sakravebis,

sasaubro videomasalebis, qarTuli kulinariis wignebis saWiroeba;

axlad repatrirebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis saqarTveloSi

dasaqmebis problema;

kvleva mazandaranis qarTvelebis Sesaxeb -`gurji mahale~ (filmi);

Tsu-is iranistikis fakultetis studentebisTvis fereidanSi

arsebul oTx universitetSi staJirebis sakiTxi;

ispahanis universitetSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis

fakultetis (kaTedris) Camoyalibebis iniciativa;

137

saqarTveloSi iraneli biznesmenebis investiciebis Semotanis

sakiTxi _ iranSi iranel biznesmenebTan oficialuri Sexvedris

organizeba;

iranSi arsebuli (q. Tavrizi) satraqtoro qarxnis filialis

saqarTveloSi gaxsna;

iranSi arsebuli (q. ispahani) qvis qarxnis filialis saqarTveloSi

gaxsna;

fereidun-Sahri _ Tbilisi samarSruto xazis gaxsna; saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos iniciativa.

saqarTveloSi arsebul ansambl `fereidanis~ saWiroeba. ansamblis

wevrTa tradiciuli samosiTa da sakravebiT aRWurva; samxatvro

xelmZRvanelis, lotbarisa da sakravebis specialistis mimagreba;

ansamblis wevrTaTvis yovelTviuri simboluri anazRaurebis (100 an 50

laris odenobiT) gacema; misi sxvadasxva festivalSi miwveva da

popularizacia...

qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialistis fereidnelTa sando

ojaxebSi stumroba;

fereidanSi qarTuli enis swavlebiT dainteresebuli

fereidnelebis treningebze mowveva;

lotbarisa da qoreografis fereidnelTa sando ojaxebSi stum-

roba; ansamblis wevrTa tradiciuli samosiTa da sakravebiT aRWurva;

138

fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba

istoria savsea gauTvaliswinebeli eTnikuri rRvevis magaliTebiT.

iranis islamur respublikaSi oTx saukuneze meti xania cxovroben

qarTvelebi, fereidneli qarTvelebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv e. w.

`eTnografiul Zeglebadac~ SeiZleba movixsenioT. Eesaa sazogadoeba,

romelsac aerTianebs samSoblos xsovna, istoriuli maxsovroba im

periodisa, rodesac isini sakuTari saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobaSi

monawileobdnen, qmnidnen saerTo erovnul kulturas.

identifikaciis TvalsazrisiT, fereidneli qarTvelebis media

aqtiurobas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. qveynis _ iranis islamuri

respublikis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvar iniciativebs qarTuli

saxelmwifos mxridan mxardaWera sWirdeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

socialuri ganviTarebis done, zogadad, istoriul diasporaSi,

ZiriTadad, dabalia da Cveni Tanamemamuleebi globalizaciis

miRwevebs (informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTareba) fexs ver

uwyoben, an xSir SemTxvevaSi, eleqtronuli saSualebebi dablokilia

(iranis islamuri respublika), sasurvelia, muslimur garemocvaSi

myofi qarTvelebis eTnikuri identifikacia kulturis, ganaTlebisa da

sazogadoebriv sferoebSi mainc moxdes.

iranis islamur respublikaSi eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis rea-

loba amgvaria: 70,5-milionian iranis islamur respublikaSi sparsel-

ebi umciresobaSi arian. iranis islamur respublikaSi erovnul

umciresobebs ar cnoben, Tumca aRiareben religiur umciresobebs:

cecxlTayvanismcemlebs, iudevelebsa da qristianebs. religiuri

umciresobebi sargebloben kulturuli avtonomiiT (sabavSvo baRi,

skola, eklesia, Jurnal-gazeTebi, kvotebi parlamentSi). am kanonis

Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi TiTqmis ocmilionian Siitur azerbaijanul Tems

ar aqvs kulturuli avtonomia, maSin, roca 50-80- aTasian romelime

religiur umciresobas kulturuli avtonomiis yvela atributi

139

gaaCnia. iranis islamuri respublikis xelmZRvaneloba ar miiCnevs, rom

es aris diskriminacia an vinmes interesebis ugulebelyofa.

iranis oficialuri instanciebi mwvaved reagireben eTnikur-

erovnuli xasiaTis iniciativebsa da wamowyebebze, Tumca folklorul

TviTSemoqmedebas xels uwyoben.

jemSid giunaSvili, romelic 1994-2004 ww. iranis islamur respub-

likaSi saqarTvelos sruluflebiani da sagangebo elCi iyo, werilSi

`fereidnel qarTvelebTan kulturuli kavSiris gaRrmavebisaTvis~

(gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4) wers: `iranis islamuri respublikis

moqalaqeebSi sityvebi: `qarTuli~ (gorji) da `saqarTvelo~

(gorjesTan) qvecnobierad dadebiT emociebs iwveven. iranelis

wamodgenaSi saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi maTi samSoblos istoriis

ganuyofeli nawilia, bevr iranels gulwrfelad hgonia, rom

qarTvelebi mxolod sparsulad saubroben da iZulebiT kirilicas

iyeneben. farTodaa gavrcelebuli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom mecxramete

saukuneSi rusebma saqarTvelo irans waarTves.~

iranis islamur respublikaSi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis

`qarTuli problema~ ar arsebobs. fereidneli qarTvelebi muslimuri

Temis srulfasovani wevrebi arian da, miuxedavad maTi emociurad

gamoxatuli proqarTuli damokidebulebisa, qveynis teritoriuli

mTlianobisa da sazRvrebis xelSeuxeblobis sakiTxs isini safrTxes

ar uqmnian.

naSromis am TavSi SevecdebiT realobis gaTvaliswinebiT

vimsjeloT, Tu rogoria iranSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis

mediaaqtiuroba.

zogadi statistikuri monacemebiT, qveyanaSi beWdviTi presis

organoTa saerTo raodenoba 2 871-s utoldeba, romelTa ricxvSic

Sedis Semdegi ucxoenovani gamocemebi: inglisurenovani gazeTi _ 4,

arabulenovani _ 2, somxurenovani _ 1.

140

fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba araTanmimdevrulia,

Tumca periodulad mainc gamodioda sainformacio biuletenebi,

nebadarTulia wignebis dabeWdvac. gamocemebi ZiriTadad sparsul

enaze mzaddeba an orenovania. arsebobs iranis islamuri respublikis

teleradiomauwyeblobis qarTulenovani radiomauwyebloba. aseve

ganvixileT is mediasaSualebebic, romlebic saqarTveloSi arsebobs

da fereidnuli Tematikis gaSuqebiT aris dainteresebuli. samwuxarod,

samSobloSi repatrirebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis am mimarTulebiT

aqtiuroba ar SeiniSneba. vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli sakiTxi repatrirebuli

qarTvelebis sakuTar samSobloSi xelaxla adaptaciis sirTuleebs

ukavSirdeba.

yovelive zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, aRsaniSnavia, rom 2005-2006

wlebSi fereidanSi gamoica sparsul-qarTulenovani beWdviTi organo

_ `iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli Jurnali~;

Jurnalis mxolod erTi nomeri daibeWda, meore nomeri gamosacemad

momzadda, Tumca, ar dabeWdila. JurnalSi gamoqveynda publikaciebi

fereidnelTa cxovrebis, tradiciebis, Semoqmedebis, folkloris

Sesaxeb. gamocemis organizatori adgilobrivi qarTveli, istorikosi,

said muliani iyo.

qarTuli radio iranis islamur respublikaSi 1998 wlidan

mauwyeblobs. qarTuli radios yoveldRiuri programebi gadmoicema

CrdiloeT iranis qalaq raSTidan (gilanis mxare)‚ saSualo siSoris

702 kiloherc sixSiris talRaze (Tbilisis droiT 21:00 _ 22:00

saaTamde saSualo talRa MW 702) http://worldservice.irib.ir/ aRniSnul veb-

gverdze iranis radios msoflios sxvadasxva enaze mauwyeblobis

gverdiT, qarTuli radiomauwyeblobis CanarTic arsebobs _

http://georgian.irib.ir/. Tavdapirvelad programis xangrZlivoba 30 wuTi iyo,

2001 wlidan ki _ saaTamde gaizarda. qarTuli radios umTavresi

mizania obieqturi informacia miawodos qarTvel msmenels iranis

Sesaxeb da xeli Seuwyos ori qveynis urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas.

141

iranis islamuri respublikis qarTul radios aqvs Semdegi

gadacemebi:

amerika da erayi _ kidev erTi krizisi;− gadacema eTerSi gadis

yovel orSabaTs da masSi ganixileba eraySi mimdinare procesebi,

amerikis Tavdasxmis Semdeg.

muhamedi _ ukanaskneli mociquli; eTerSi gadis samSabaTobiT. is

exeba islamis mociqulis cxovrebas da samociqulo moRvaweobas.

garedan danaxuli amerika _ eTerSi gadis yovel oTxSabaTs da

masSi ganixileba amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi momxdari kviris

mniSvnelovani movlenebi.

gza sinaTlisken _ eTerSi gadis yovel xuTSabaTs. masSi

ganixileba muslimTa zeciuri wignis, `yuranis~ swavlebebi da

islamuri gadmocemebi.

dasavleTis religiuri ideologia _ eTerSia yovel paraskevs da

masSi ganixileba sxvadasxva religiebis mdgomareoba dasavleTis

qveynebSi.

irani da islamuri kultura _ am gadacemis mosmena SesaZlebelia

yovel SabaTs. masSi ganixileba iranelTa roli islamuri kulturisa

da civilizaciis gavrcelebaSi.

iranis revoluciuri poezia _ am gadacemis mosmena SesaZlebelia

yovel kvira dRes. masSi gaecnobiT Tanamedrove da revolucioner

poetebs da maT Semoqmedebas.

am gadacemebis garda, iranis qarTuli radios saSualebiT

auditorias miewodeba axali ambebi, dRis istoriuli ambebis qronika

da aqtualur Temaze Seqmnili analitikuri xasiaTis gadacemebi.

iranSi qarTul radiomauwyeblobas xelmZRvanelobs fereidneli

qarTveli, daviT gugunaSvili.

aRsaniSnavia aseve veb-gverdi _ www.fereidani.ge, romelic giorgi

alaverdaSvilma 2005 wels moamzada. aq Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva dros

qarTuli masmediis mier gaSuqebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis Sesaxeb

142

181 publikacia. aRniSnuli veb-gverdi, samwuxarod, ar iZleva

interaqciis saSualebas. www.fereidani.ge aerTianebs masalebs

fereidneli qarTvelebis istoriis, Tanamedrove cxovrebis Sesaxeb,

aseve, SexvdebiT folklorisa da enobriv sakiTxebze beWdviT mediaSi

gamoqveynebul publikaciebs. gverdis dizaini naklebad momxibvlelad

gamoiyureba, arc masalaTa saZiebo sistemaa Tanamedrove formatiT

mowodebuli, vfiqrobT, aRniSnulis mizezi enTuziazmSia, romlis

xarjzec arsebobs veb-gverdi.

2004-2008 ww. saqarTveloSi ibeWdeboda gazeTi `megobrobis macne~.

mTavari redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili. saredaqcio kolegiis

wevrebi: mojTaba safixani, nomadi barTaia, grigol beraZe, giorgi

lobJaniZe, irine naWyebia. gazeTis gamocemis organizatori _

`saqarTvelo-iranis samecniero urTierTobisa da TanamSromlobis

sazogadoeba~. sazogadoeba 1994 wlidan arsebobs. misi iniciativiT

saqarTvelosa da iranis islamuri respublikis samTavrobo da

arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, samecniero-kvleviT da saswavlo

dawesebulebebTan TanamSromlobiTa da TanadgomiT Catarda

konferenciebi, ori qveynis erovnuli dReebis, saiubileo TariRebis,

qarTuli da sparsuli enebisa da literaturis, istoriul-kulturu-

li urTierTobebis aqtualuri sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili RonisZiebebi.

redaqcia gazeTis saSualebiT mkiTxvelebs awvdida iranis samecniero-

kulturuli cxovrebis, ekonomikis, sagareo politikis, saqarTvelo-

iranis istoriul-kulturuli da Tanamedrove urTierTobis aqtualur

sakiTxebze sando informacias. gazeTi saTanado yuradRebas uTmobda

iranistikis dargSi qarTvel mecnierTa miRwevebis gaSuqebis sakiTxsa

da fereidneli qarTvelebis yofa-cxovrebis Temas.

gazeTi A4 formatisaa. gamocemis tiraJia 325 egzemplari.

`megobrobis macne~ ar iyo realizaciaSi. Tavdapirvelad, gazeTis

perioduloba TveSi erTi nomeriT ganisazRvra, Tumca, SemdgomSi

kvartalSi erTi nomeri gamoicemoda. gazeTi ibeWdeboda carcis

143

qaRaldze, pirveli satitulo gverdi feradi iyo. perioduli gamocema

ibeWdeboda gamomcemloba `ena da kultura~-s stambaSi. redaqciam

daamkvidra gazeTis Tematuri nomrebis gamocema (mag., mandilosnebs

mieZRvna 2005 wlis #4, ori qveynis ekonomikur urTierTobebs mieZRvna

2005 wlis #5 da sxv.) gazeTSi avtorTa da publicistur JanrTa

mravalferovneba ar SeiniSneboda. gamocema politkoreqtuli iyo.

`megobrobis macneSi~ fereidnel qarTvelTa yofa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb

gamoqveynda araerTi publikacia. bevri saintereso publikaciis

gverdiT gazeTSi daibeWda werili iranis teritoriaze arsebuli

qarTuli sasuliero xuroTmoZRvrebis erTaderTi nimuSis Sesaxeb.

`meoce saukunis dasawyisis cnobili qarTveli mewarme-mecenatis akaki

xoStarias meuRlis minadora xoStarias (1881-1924) samlocvelo da

akldama Teiranis dulabis marTlmadideblur rusul sasaflaoze

mdebareobs. varaudoben, rom aRniSnuli akldamis damproeqtebeli da

mSenebeli nikoloz markovia. dulabis sasaflaoze dakrZalulia 30-

mde qarTveli: irakli ciciSvili, vladimer Turqia, ioseb gegenava,

margarita da mixeil qorqiebi da sxv.~ (giunaSvili 2005).

gazeTi exmianeba fereidneli qarTvelebis samSobloSi

repatriaciis sakiTxebs _ `vasil mJavanaZis mmarTvelobis dros

organizaciulad momzadda winapiroba fereidnelTa 300-mde ojaxis

saqarTveloSi Camoyvanis Sesaxeb. samocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi

fereidnelTa pirveli jgufi, ori aTeuli ojaxi Caasaxles gurjaanisa

da sagarejos raionebis soflebSi. yoveli ojaxisTvis agebuli iyo

oTxoTaxiani orsarTuliani saxli. saTavsoebiT, ezoebiT,

komfortabelurad gawyobili iyo oTaxebi da samzareulo.

xelmZRvanelobam izruna repatrirebulTa SromiTi mowyobisa da

saTanado materialuri pirobebis SeqmnisTvis, swavla-ganaTlebisa da

janmrTelobis dacvisTvis. es istoriuli eqsperimenti CanasaxSive

warumatebeli aRmoCnda. mokle xanSi Camosul fereidnelTa naxevarze

metma dabejiTebiT moiTxova iranSi dabruneba. sabWoTa periodSi

144

repatriacia ar iyo advili saqme, xolo repatriantebis ukan dabruneba

ufro did sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.~

avtori miiCnevs, rom `fereidnelTa saqarTveloSi Camosvlis

pirveli dRidanve calsaxad dadga axal pirobebTan maTi Seguebis

problema. xelmZRvanelebi, romlebic yurad ar iRebdnen am sakiTxze

kompetentur specialistTa azrs, fiqrobdnen, rom xelis erTi mosmiT

aRmofxvridnen Camosaxlebul fereidnelTa yofaSi Rrmad Camjdar im

Cvevebs, rac maT miiRes da SeiTvises ucxo garemoSi saukuneTa

manZilze cxovrebis Sedegad. specialistebis azri imis Sesaxeb, rom

fereidnelTa dasaxleba unda moxdes kompaqturad, ar iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli da ganxorcielda deportirebulTa calkeul

soflebSi gafantulad Casaxlebis gaumarTlebeli meTodi~.

repatrirebuli fereidnelebis iranSi dabrunebis erT-erT ganmsaz-

Rvrel faqtorad avtori miiCnevs fereidneli qalebis poziciasa da

rols: `fereidneli qali 400 wlis ganmavlobaSi gmirulad icavda

keras gareSe elementebis SeRwevisagan da, faqtobrivad, man SeunarCuna

fereidnelebs qarTuli ena. saqarTveloSi igi aRmoCnda im

konservatorul, Tu gnebavT, reaqciul Zalad, romelic win aRudga

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi arsebul yofiTsa da moqalaqeTa Soris

yoveldRiuri urTierTobis normebs~ (giunaSvili 2005) da sxv.

aqve gvinda SemogTavazoT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, aseve, fereidneli

qarTvelebis mier iranis islamur respublikaSi gamoqveynebuli

literaturis arasruli sia, vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli gamocemebi iran-

saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis media aqtiurobisaTvis gankuTvnil

niSas erTgvarad avsebs.

`qarTveli iranelebi~, ispahani, 1979 (fereidneli avtori _ mohamad

sefiani).

`qarTuli zRaprebi~, Teirani, 1979 (mTargmneli _ abolfazl

azmude).

145

`qarTvelebi~, Teirani, 1984 (avtori _ deivid marSal lengi,

mTargmneli royie behzadi).

`saqarTvelo~ (eZRvneba iv. javaxiSvilis dabadebidan 120

wlisTavs), Teirani, 1996 (avtori _ roin metreveli, mTargmneli _

bahram amirahmadiani, redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili, saqarTvelos

saelCos gamocema iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros TanadgomiT).

`vefxistyaosani~ SoTa rusTavelis Sedevri~, Teirani, 1998

(gamokvleva da Targmani farSid delSadisa, redaqtori _ jemSid

giunaSvili, saqarTvelo-iranis samecniro-kulturuli urTierTobisa

da TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis gamocema iranis islamur

respublikaSi saqarTvelos saelCos TanadgomiT).

`saqarTvelos geografia~ (sparsul enaze), Teirani, 1998 (avtori _

bahram amirahmadiani).

`saqarTvelo~ (cnobari sparsul enaze), Teirani, 1999 (avtori q-ni

farvin moazami, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros gamocema).

`vefxistyaosani~, raSTi, 2000 (mTargmneli _ mohamadqazem iusef-

furi, redaqtori _ magali Todua, gilanis universitetis gamocema).

`iranis qarTvelebi~, ispahani, 2000 (fereidneli avtori _ maleq

mohamed rahimi).

`qarTvelebis adgili iranis istoriaSi, kulturasa da

civilizaciaSi~, ispahani, 2000 (fereidneli avtori _ said muliani).

`iran-saqarTvelos istoriul-kulturuli urTierTgavlena~,

Teirani, 2001 (`mrgvali magidis~ masalebi, iranis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros gamocema).

`qomeilis locvebi~, ispahani, 2001 (arabul-sparsul-qarTuli

teqstebi, Targmna fereidnelma sasuliero pirma _ mohsen xucianma).

`aTaserTi qarTuli andaza~ (qarTul-sparsuli teqstebi), Teirani,

2002 (Targmani _ Tea SurRaiasi da farSid delSadis, redaqtori _

146

jemSid giunaSvili, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros gamoSveba).

`saqarTvelos geografia~, ispahani, 2002 (fereidneli avtoris

imamyuli baTovanis mier Sedgenili sakiTxavi wigni dawyebiTi

klasebis moswavleTaTvis).

`sparsuli literaturis enciklopedia~, t. V, Teirani, 2003 (samx-

reT kavkasiisa da daRestnis iranistebis bio-bibliografiuli

cnobari _ tomis erTi mesamedi (200 gverdamde) eZRvneba qarTvel

avtorebs).

`qarTuli ena sparsulenovanTaTvis~, gilanis universitetis

gamocema, raSTi, 2004 (avtori _ leila geguCaZe, mTargmneli _ fardin

qomai, redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili).

`Tbilisis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis

sparsul xelnawerTa aRweriloba~, t. I, Teirani, 2004 (Semdgeneli _

seifola modaber-Caharborji, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo

saqmeTa saministros gamocema).

`saqarTvelo istoriis Saraze~, Teirani, 2004 (avtori _ bahram ami-

rahmadiani, civilizaciaTa dialogis saerTaSoriso centris gamocema).

Jurnali `kalami~, Tbilisi 2009w. (kavkasiisa da aRmosavleTis

kvleviTi centri. Jurnali iranis islamuri respublikis saelCos

finansuri mxardaWeriT ibeWdeboda).

N

147

nawili IV

qarTvelebi estoneTis respublikaSi

1989 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris mixedviT, estoneTSi 121 erovnebis

warmomadgeneli cxovrobda. am periodSi estonelebis wili saerTo mo-

saxleobis 61,5 % iyo, xolo araestonelebis ricxvi 38,5%-s Seadgenda.

1997 wlisTvis estoneTSi 950 124 estonelTan erTad cxovrobda 412 628

rusi, 37 306 ukraineli, 21 883 belorusi, 13 629 fineli, 3 315 TaTari,

2 723 latvieli, 2 374 poloneli, 2 245 litveli, 1 553 ebraeli, 1 349

germaneli da 12 001 sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebi.

1989 wlisTvis estoneTSi cxovrobda 606 qarTveli (390 mamakaci da

216 qali) (viikbergi 1999: 225). dRes estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloe-

biT 450-500 qarTveli cxovrobs, ZiriTadad, qalaqebSi: talinsa da

tartuSi.

`rom ara tartus universiteti, albaT, ar iqneboda meoce saukunis

dasawyisis renesansi qarTul kulturasa da mecnierebaSi da Tu am

epoqis amgvari Sefaseba vinmes gadaWarbebulad moeCveneba, SegviZlia

SevTanxmdeT, rom Tu renesansi ara, winarenesansuli garemo XX

saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTul mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSi, namdvilad

arsebobda. am pirobebis Seqmna ki, sxvebTan erTad, tartus

universitetSi ganaTlebamiRebulma qarTvelebma SeZles, visi

miRwevebiTac (kulturasa da mecnierebaSi), dRevandeli saqarTveloc

samarTlianad amayobs. sakmarisia, Tundac, ramdenime saxelovani

qarTvelis CamoTvla, vinc tartus universitetSi swavlobda: vaxtang

kotetiSvili da kote focxveraSvili, grigol robaqiZe da seiT

devdariani, petre Wabukiani da vladimer ToxaZe, aleqsandre Satilovi

da konstantine erisTavi, mixeil abramiSvili da simon kandelaki...~ _

wers daTo turaSvili (turaSvili 2005: 5-6).

profesor k. siilivaskas redaqciiT 1983 wels gamocemul wignSi _

`tartus universitetis istoria 1632-1982 ww.~ (siilivaska 1983: 162-163)

tartus universitetis pirvel qarTvel studentad dasaxelebulia

148

zaqaria zubalaSvili, romelsac 1836 wels aq samedicino fakultetze

Caubarebia. sxva versiiT, tartus universitetis pirveli qarTveli

studenti yofila zurab abduSelaSvili. _ `pirveli qarTveli ki, vinc

tartus universitetis studenti gaxda, zurab abduSelaSvili iyo.

Tumca, qarTvelTagan pirveli (ramdenime aTeuli wliT adre),

SesaZlebelia, nikoloz baraTaSvili yofiliyo da aki, urCevda kidec

mas biZamisi, grigol orbeliani, swored tartus universitetSi

swavlis gagrZelebas, magram mxolod urCevda tartuSi swavlas da

finansur SewevnasTan dakavSirebiT ki, samwuxarod, dumda...~ (turaSvili

2005: 5-6) (cnobilia, 1830-ian ww. qarTveli poeti, grigol orbeliani

baltiispireTSi msaxurobda garkveuli periodi).

qarTvelebis interesi tartus universitetisadmi gaizarda XIX s.

dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi. am periodSi tartus universitetSi

ganaTleba miiRo daaxloebiT 400 qarTvelma.

qarTveli studentebi sazogadoebriv aqtivobas avlendnen. maT

adgilobriv revoluciur moZraobaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes.

tartus universitetis qarTvelma studentebma qalaqi tartu XIX s.

dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi qarTuli kulturis kerad aqcies:

arsebobda qarTuli sazogadoeba, literaturuli da samecniero

wreebi, gamoicemoda xelnaweri Jurnali. XIX s. 90-iani wlebisaTvis

tartuSi qarTuli saTvistomo Seiqmna, masTan biblioTeka arsebobda.

1898 wlidan qarTvelebi qarTul saRamoebs marTavdnen, romlebic

adgilobrivebs Soris didi warmatebiT sargeblobda. 1908 w. qarTuli

saTvistomos legalizacia moxda. saTvistomos sapatio wevrebi iyvnen

qarTveli klasikosebi: a. wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela, d. kldiaSvili da

sxv. aseve, 1906 w. daarsda da 1908 w. legalizeba moxda, faqtobrivad,

qarTuli organizaciisa _ `kavkasiel studentTa sazogadoeba~.

tartus universitetis kursadmTavrebulTa Soris arian: gr.

robaqiZe, a. papava, kikna fSavela (s. baduraSvili), v. kotetiSvili, k.

focxveraSvili, s. devdariani, p. Wabukiani da sxv.

149

tartus universitetSi amJamadac swavloben qarTveli studentebi,

Tumca isini xSir SemTxvevaSi ar arian CarTulni estoneTis

respublikaSi arsebuli qarTuli saTvistomoebis saqmianobaSi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloebiT 450-500

qarTveli cxovrobs. ojaxebi, ZiriTadad, Sereulia, zogi

saqarTvelodan wasuli estonelia, zogic _ estonur-qarTuli ojaxis

warmomadgeneli, romelTac 90-iani wlebis mdgomareobam ubiZga, meore

samSobloSi wasuliyvnen. qarTuli diaspora estoneTSi mcxovreb

qarTvelebsa da mSobliur saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebis

damyarebasa da ganviTarebaze zrunavs. estoneTSi, miuxedavad

qarTvelebis arcTu didi raodenobisa, ramdenime saTvistomo da

organizacia arsebobs (maT Soris, bevri xelovnurad Seqmnili):

• `qarTuli saxli~ _ `estonur-qarTuli sazogadoeba~, q. talini,

Tavmjdomare: maka samxaraZe.

• estonur qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo „mamuli~, q. talini,

Tavmjdomare: iaSa yurSubaZe.

• qarTuli kulturuli gaerTianeba `aWara~/`baTumi~, q. talini,

Tavmjdomare: valerian wuwunava.

• talinis qarTuli nacionaluri saTvistomo `iveria~, q. talini,

Tavmjdomare: vladimir Juriari.

• qalTa sazogadoeba `salme~, q. talini, Tavmjdomare: ala elleri.

• `baltiis integraciuli sazogadoeba~, q. tartu, Tavmjdomare:

vaJa gorelaSvili.

• `viru jorjia~, q. kivioli, Tavmjdomare: Teimuraz qardava.

• qarTuli saxalxo ansambli „mamuli~, q. talini, Tavmjdomare:

givi mamuCaraSvili.

• estonur-qarTuli kulturuli centri „Tbilisi~, q. talini,

Tavmjdomare: leri jafariZe.

• qarTuli Teatraluri sazogadoeba `niavi~.

150

• qarTul-estonuri organizacia `bagrati~, organizaciis

xelmZRvaneli: timofei basilaSvili.

aRniSnuli organizaciebi e. w. `qolga~ organizaciebis farglebSi

arseboben:

`qarTuli saxli~, romelsac ukve meoTxe welia xelmZRvanelobs

maka samxaraZe, aerTianebs Semdeg organizaciebs: `estonur-qarTuli

sazogadoeba~, `iveria~, `aWara~/`baTumi~, `salme~, `viru jorjia~,

`baltiis integraciuli sazogadoeba~.

estoneTis nacionaluri umciresobebis asociacia `lira~,

romelsac xelmZRvanelobs lidia korvaldi, ukve 20 welia arsebobs

da 51 nacionalur organizacias aerTianebs, maT Soris, qarTul

organizaciebs: qarTuli saxalxo ansambli „mamuli~ da sxv.

ramdenime wlis win talinSi Seiqmna sakvirao skola, romelSic

msurvelebi qarTul enas euflebodnen. sakvirao skolas xelmZRva-

nelobda vladimir Juriari. amJamad sakvirao skola ar funqciobs.

qarTvelebi yovel marTlmadideblur dResaswaulze eklesiaSi

ikribebian.

estonur qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo „mamuli~ 2000-2002 ww.

gamoscemda Jurnal `mamuls~, romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT gveqneba

saubari.

gasaTvaliswinebelia qarTuli samzareulo, rogorc eTnikuri

identifikaciis saSualeba. qveyanaSi xuTi qarTuli restorania:

`firosmanis~ qseli, `suliko~ (talini) da `Tbilisi~ (tartu).

estoneTSi saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebma SesamCnev warmatebebs

miaRwies da adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi adgili daimkvidres: Salva

gulordava (sabWoTa estoneTis qirurgiis fuZemdebeli), iuri koCinevi-

koCinaSvili (qirurgi), leri jafariZe (qirurgi), Teimuraz silagava

(eqimi), erekle ZoweniZe (eqimi), giorgi doliSvili (eqimi), lia

doliSvili (stomatologi), TinaTin doliZe (Terapevti), baldo

barbaqaZe (sazRvao kapitani), Tengiz ComaxiZe (sazRvao kapitani) da sxv.

151

saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebianma elCma estoneTis

respublikaSi, ruslan abaSiZem CvenTan saubarSi aRniSna: `estoneTSi

myofi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebidan, 25-30% moqalaqeoba

aqvs. umravlesoba ormagi moqalaqea. estoneTSi qarTvelebi, ZiriTadad,

legalurad imyofebian _ an muSaobis ufleba aqvT, an moqalaqeebi

arian, an studentebi. qarTvelebis umravlesoba gaerTianebulia

nacionalur organizaciebSi, romlebic erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad e.

w. `qolga~ organizaciebSi movaqcieT. estoneTis saxelmwifo politika

`qolga~ organizaciebis finansur, teqnikur da samarTlebriv

mxardaWeras iTvaliswinebs~.

2009 wlamde diasporisa da eTnikuri umciresobebis sakiTxs

estoneTSi xalxTa gansaxlebis saxelmwifo ministris aparati

xelmZRvanelobda. Semdeg es funqcia gadaeca kulturis saministros,

romelic aRniSnul sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobs ganaTlebisa da Sinagan

saqmeTa saministroebTan.

estoneTis kulturis saministros kulturuli mravalferovnebis

departamentis ufrosi specialistis, evgeni Juriari-osipovis, TqmiT,

estoneTis saxelmwifo politika mxardaWeras ucxadebs eTnikur

umciresobebs da TanamSromlobs `qolga~ organizaciebTan. imisaTvis,

rom `qolga~ organizacia saxelmwifom daafinansos, man unda gaiaros

atestacia, romelic gulisxmobs xelovnurad Seqmnili organizaciebis

gamovlenas. estoneTis saxelmwifo nacionaluri umciresobebis

organizaciebs sakuTari kulturis SenarCunebisTvis xelsayrel

garemos uqmnis da saSualebas aZlevs saerTo kulturul sivrceSi

wvlili Seitanon, risTvisac saxelmwifo yovelwliurad gamoyofs

300 000 evros. `qolga~ organizaciaSi Semavali jgufebi yovelwliurad

iReben 1000_1500 evros. aseve, saproeqto konkursisTvis

gaTvaliswinebulia biujeti 80 000 evros odenobiT. dafinansebis sxva

saSualebebia integraciisa da migraciis fondebis mxardaWera.

152

2007 wlisTvis estoneTSi e.w. `qolga~ organizaciebis raodenoba 18

iyo, xolo `qolga~-Si Semavali an calke arsebuli nacionalur-

kulturuli organizaciebis saerTo ricxvi – 203. aRniSnuli

organizaciebis didi nawili aqtiur moRvaweobas eweva, organizebas

uwevs saerTaSoriso festivalebs, tardeba konferenciebi da

seminarebi, maT safuZvelze arsebobs sakvirao skolebi. aRsaniSnavia,

rom xSiria finansebis mozidvis mizniT, xelovnurad Seqmnili

organizaciebis SemTxvevebic.

diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da estoneTis

respublikas Soris

diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da estoneTis

respublikas Soris 1992 w. 16 ivniss damyarda. 1999 wlidan saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebis uflebebs icavda saqarTvelos generaluri konsuli

litvis, latviisa da estoneTis respublikebSi zurab marSania. 2003 w.

seqtemberSi moqmedeba daiwyo saqarTvelos saelCom litvis, latviisa

da estoneTis respublikebSi. saqarTvelos elCad am respublikebSi

dainiSna daviT afciauri. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 w. 13

oqtombris № 606 brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, Seiqmna saqarTvelos saelCo

estoneTis respublikaSi, sadac dainiSna saqmeTa droebiTi rwmunebuli

zurab marSania.

estonuri mxare gamoxatavs mzadyofnas, gauziaros saqarTvelos

Tavisi gamocdileba evropul da evroatlantikur struqturebSi

integraciis TvalsazrisiT; mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba: saparlamen-

to doneze (estoneTis respublikis parlamentSi Seqmnilia saqarTvel-

osTan megobrobis jgufi), Tavdacvis, sazRvris dacvis sferoebSi;

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis farglebSi _ estonuri mxare yovelTvis

gamoxatavs aqtiur mxardaWeras saqarTvelosaTvis mniSvnelovani

sakiTxebis ganxilvisas. estoneTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier

dafinansebuli ganviTarebis da humanitaruli daxmarebis kuTxiT.

daxmarebis proeqtebi koncentrirebulia im sferoebze, romlebic

153

ukavSirdeba efeqturi mmarTvelobis damyarebas, Tanamedrove ganaT-

lebis sistemisa da mdgradi demokratiis ganviTarebas. ganviTarebisa

da humanitaruli daxmarebis proeqtebi moicavs: qarTveli saxelmwifo

moxeleebis treiningebs estoneTis diplomatiis skolaSi, saqarTvelos

iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa daxmarebas Sida qarTlis da mcxeTa-

mTianeTis raionebSi, evrokavSiris aRmosavleT partniorobis

programasTan dakavSirebiT seminarebis organizebas, evrokavSiris

„Mobility Partnership Project"-is ganxorcielebas, qarTveli policielebisa

da samarTaldamcavebis treinings estoneTis Sesabamis samsaxurSi,

mimdinare reformebTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos erovnul

sazogadoebriv tele-radiokompaniebTan konsultaciebis gamarTvas,

romlis mizania xeli Seuwyos demokratiuli sazogadoebis Sesatyvisi

dabalansebuli mediis Camoyalibebas. (www.mfa.gov.ge)

estonuri presa saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

1880 wlamde germanuli ena estoneTSi oficialur enad miiCneoda,

amitom pirveli monacemebi saqarTvelosa da qarTuli kulturis

Sesaxeb germanul enaze, germaniasa da baltiispireTSi gamocemul

periodikaSi daibeWda. mag., 1804 w. rigaSi gamocemul JurnalSi

`Nordishes archiv~ ori statia ganTavsda _ `saqarTvelos ganaTlebis

Sesaxeb, qarTuli skolebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb~ da `qarTul

poeziasa da musikaze~.

XIX s. dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi germanul wyaroebs

rusulic Seemata, sadac ibeWdeboda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb informacia.

mag., `qarTuli legenda~ gaz. `Дерптский листок~ (1892, #1-2). aRniSnuli

statia Semdeg estonur enaze iTargmna da daibeWda `Олевик~-Si (1892,

#3, 4). aseve, daviT JRentis werili `Tamar mefe~ daibeWda gazeT

`Юръевский листок~-Si (1912, #70). droTa ganmavlobaSi estonuri beWdviTi

mediis furclebze gamoCnda originaluri masalebi saqarTvelosa da

misi kulturis Sesaxeb.

154

1870-ian ww. iozep recoldi estonur gamocemebTan saqarTvelodan

TanamSromlobda. estonelebis yuradReba miipyro misi avtorobiT

momzadebulma `kavkasiuri werilebis~ ciklma. bevrma estonelma saqar-

TveloSi gadmosaxlebazec daiwyo fiqri... uSualod iozep recoldis

monawileobiT 1882 w. afxazeTSi, soxumTan axlos, gaCnda patara

estonuri dasaxleba _ sofeli estonka (ruseT-saqarTvelos, afxazeTis

omis Semdgom periodSi estonelebma datoves aRniSnuli adgilebi.

meore sofeli _ axali estonika gaCnda saqarTvelo-TurqeTis

sazRvarTan (pirveli msoflio omis periodSi Sewyvita arseboba).

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb informaciebi Cndeba gamoCenili estoneli

mwerlebis SemoqmedebaSic: eduard bornxoe, eduard vilde, anton

xanzeni tamsaare, fr. mixkelsoni da sxv.

estonur beWdviT gamocemebSi XIX-XX ss. mijnaze daibeWda

naTargmni da originaluri werilebi.

1905-1907 wlebamde saqarTveloSi naklebad icodnen estoneTsa da

estonelebis Sesaxeb. am droisTvis werilebi gaCnda saqarTvelos

periodul gamocemaSi, romlebic exeboda tartus universitetis

qarTvel studentebs. 1899 wels, Jurnal `moambis~ ivlisis nomerSi,

daibeWda nino zurabaSvilis werili, romelic rusi avtoris

publikaciis safuZvelze momzadda (e. soloviovi, kulturuli

moZraoba estonelebSi, J. `Научное обозрене~, 1899, # 31).

qarTuli presa regularulad aSuqebda qarTveli studentebis

aqtivobebs. gazeT `iveriaSi~ (28.IX.1897, #201) asaxulia qarTveli stu-

dentebis xelmokle cxovreba... studentebma qarTul gamocemebs sTxoves

biblioTekisaTvis Jurnal-gazeTebi gamoegzavnaT. aRniSnul Txovnas

gamoexmaura `iveria~, `kvali~, `krebuli~, `jejili~, `cnobis furceli~,

`moambe~, `kavkasia~ da ufasod gaugzavnes gamocemebi. anton furcelaZem

studentebs Tavisi nawarmoebebis 12 tomi gaugzavna. qarTveli

studentebis Sesaxeb werda adgilobrivi presa: `Олевик~, `Постимээс~.

155

qarTveli studentebi gamoscemdnen iumoristul xelnawer Jurnals

`koRo~, romlis arc avtorebis, arc gamocemuli nomrebis Sesaxeb araa

cnobili. Tumca saqarTvelos erovnul biblioTekaSi inaxeba aRniSnu-

li gamocemis erTi nomeri, romelzec TariRi ar aris miTiTebuli,

informacia avtorebis Sesaxebac daSifruli iyo (rogorc revoluciis

monawileebisa), mxolod akaki papavas saxeli gaiSifra. Jurnali moiZia

sergei isakovma. mkvlevarma igi 1911-1912 ww. miakuTvna. gamocemis

masalebSi kargad ikiTxeba TviTmpyrobelobisa da mSiSara studentebis,

romlebic revoluciis periodSi umoqmedobas arCevdnen, dacinva.

adgilobriv gazeTebSi adgili eTmoboda qarTveli mwerlebis

Semoqmedebasa da literaturul kvlevebs (isakovi 1969: 28-65).

estonur gazeT `Universitas Tartunsis~ 2005 w. 9 seqtembris nomerSi

qarTveli studentebis Sesaxeb daibeWda statia: `qarTvelebi gacvliTi

programiT tartuSi~ (sakova 2005: 1) (SeTanxmeba saqarTvelosa da

estoneTis respublikis mTavrobebs Soris kulturis, ganaTlebis,

mecnierebis, axalgazrdobisa da sportis sferoebSi TanamSromlobis

Sesaxeb ZalaSia 2005 wlis Tebervlidan). informaciaSi swored

aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul studentTa

gacvliT programaze da mis monawileebzea saubari. werilis mixedviT,

pirvel etapze aRniSnul programaSi ori qarTveli iRebda

monawileobas, erTi _ saswavlo wlis pirvel semestrSi, xolo meore _

gazafxulis semestrSi. aRniSnuli informaciuli SeniSvnis

gagrZelebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT gazeTis imave nomerSi

SemoTavazebuli interviu saTauriT `tartu _ mSvidobiani da mwvane

qalaqi~ (sakova 2005: gv. 3). interviu daviT axvledianTan da berZen

pavlos pavlidisTan, romelic gacvliT programaSi saberZneTidan

monawileobda. respondentebi STabeWdilebebs uziareben sazogadoebas.

gazeTi `estoneTis axalgazrdoba~ (rusulenovani gamocema) 2005 w.

3 ivnisis nomerSi (gv. 9) rubrikiT `Tanamemamule~ beWdavs uliana

falevas statias `estoneTis qarTvelebi~. statia ilustrirebulia

156

(faleva 2005: 9). werili exeba qarTuli saTvistomos mier 26 maisis _

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRis _ aRniSvnas, romelic nacionalur

kavSir `liraSi~ SemoqmedebiT ansambl `mamulis~ wevrTa da misi

xelmZRvanelis, givi mamuCaraSvilis iniciativiT aRiniSna. Jurnalisti

SeniSnavs qarTul stumarTmoyvareobas. RonisZiebis mTavari stumrebi

iyvnen saqarTvelos elCi litvaSi g. qerdiyoSvili da qarTveli

mwerali d. turaSvili. RonisZiebaze vl. Juriarim sazogadoebas

Seaxsena qarTuli saTvistomos istoria, ansamblma `mamulma~ Seasrula

qarTuli simRerebi. d. turaSvilma qarTul enaze gamocemuli sakuTari

wignebi usaxsovra sazogadoebas. Sesrulda Zveli himni `dideba~,

romlis teqsti da musika ekuTvnis kote focxveraSvils, romelic,

sxvaTa Soris, tartus universitetis kursdamTavrebuli iyo.

reportaJSi avtori gvTavazobs gamomsvlelTa komentarebs.

157

Jurnali `mamuli~

1997 wels Camoyalibda estonur-qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo

„mamuli~. saTvistomos xelmZRvanelobs iaSa yurSubaZe: `2000 wels,

damoukideblobis dResTan dakavSirebiT, 26 maiss Cveni saTvistomos

wevrebs Jurnali `mamuli~ saCuqrad movumzadeT. gamocemas Temur

TofCiaSvili redaqtorobda. Jurnali rusul enaze gamoica, im

periodSi qarTuli Sriftebi ar gvqonda. am JurnaliT sazogadoebas

Cveni aqtivoba gavacaniT. `mamulis~ mxolod sami nomeri daibeWda.

ramdenime wlis win Cvens saTvistomoSi gaCnda survili eleqtonuli

gverdic Segveqmna, Tumca es idea ver ganxorcielda. albaT,

enTuziazmis naklebobis an im mizeziT, rom interneti yvelasTvis

xelmisawvdomi ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, qalbaton maka samxaraZis mier

momzadebuli ramdenime Tematuri saRamo da estoneTis

radiomauwyeblobiT gadacemuli radio-gadacemebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb.~ _ aRniSna CvenTan saubrisas batonma iaSa yurSubaZem.

Jurnali `mamuli~ A4 formatisaa, dabeWdilia carcis qaRaldze,

feradia, Tormetgverdiani. Jurnalis tiraJi iyo daaxloebiT 250

egzemplari, realizaciaSi ar gadioda (iyo sasaCuqre gamocema).

Jurnalis redaqtori iyo Temur TofCiaSvili.

`mamulis~ sul sami nomeri gamovida (2000, 2001, 2002 wlebisa).

gamocema mzaddeboda specialurad saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

dRisTvis. gamocemis adgili _ qalaqi talini.

Jurnali rusulenovania, rasac gamocemis organizatorebi imiT

xsnian, rom im periodSi qarTuli Sriftebi ar hqondaT. Tumca aRniS-

nul faqts sasargeblo datvirTvas uZebnian, kerZod, Jurnalis audi-

toria gafarTovda. (estoneTSi rusuli saurTierTo enad kvlav rCeba).

Jurnalis redaqcia pirvel nomerSi auditorias saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo simboloebs acnobs. ibeWdeba estonur-qarTuli

kulturuli saTvistomo „mamulis~ Tavmjdomaris, iaSa yurSubaZis

mimarTva, sadac saubaria estoneT-saqarTvelos mravalwliani

158

megobrobisa da am droisaTvis arsebuli qarTuli organizaciebis

Sesaxeb. (am periodSi arsebobda ansambli `mamuli~, qarTuli

kulturuli kerebi qalaq valgaSi, xelmZRvaneli vl. maisuraZe, qalaq

tartuSi, xelmZRvaneli T. TofCiaSvili, qalaq piarnuSi, xelmZRvaneli

nato narsaviZe; fexburTis gundi `jorjia~ imeda kekeiSvilis

xelmZRvanelobiT. gaixsna qarTuli restorani `firosmani~).

gamoqveynebulia werili saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRis Sesaxeb,

asaxulia istoriuli faqtebi. Jurnali exmianeba saqarTveloSi

Catarebul arCevnebs da auditorias rusuli presis mixedviT

momzadebul analitikur masalasac sTavazobs.

yuradRebas imsaxurebs l. poliakovas interviu (`Прекрасной Грузии

напевы~) qarTuli sazogadoebis xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgenlebTan:

valerian wuwunavasTan, ednar bolqvaZesa da iaSa yurSubaZesTan.

Jurnalisti sagulisxmo kiTxvas svams: `Tqven xom adrec icnobdiT

erTmaneTs, stumrobdiT, erTad aRniSnavdiT sxvadasxva RonisZiebas...

ram gaiZulaT iuridiulad gageformebinaT nacionalur-kulturuli

sazogadoeba?~ respondenti, ednar bolqvaZe, am faqts ase xsnis:

`mamulis~ SeqmniT gvsurda gveTqva, rom arsebobs saqarTvelo, uZvelesi

kulturis qveyana da Cven swored am qveynis warmomadgenlebi varT

estoneTSi. vmonawileobT nacionaluri organizaciebis RonisZiebebSi

da sazogadoebas vacnobT saqarTvelos~.

redaqcia JurnalSi adgils uTmobs ilona Tofurias Semoqmedebas;

mkiTxvels informacias awvdis estoneTSi arsebuli fexburTis gund

`jorjias~ Sesaxeb; aseve, cnobili saopero momRerlis, zurab

sotkilavasa da moWadrakis, nona gafrindaSvilis, stumrobis Sesaxeb.

JurnalSi adgili eTmoba saqarTvelos politikur siaxleebsa da

qarTuli samzareulos receptebs.

`mamulis~ meore nomeri mkiTxvels Tbilisis Sesaxeb awvdis

informacias. dabeWdilia analitikur statia ruseT-saqarTvelos

urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. gazeTi auditorias acnobs ilia WavWavaZis

159

Semoqmedebasa da Rvawls. mkiTxvels SesaZlebloba aqvs waikiTxos

vidadi mamedovis werili saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis kulturuli

urTierTobebis Sesaxeb.

ukve tradiaciadqceul mimarTvaSi sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare i.

yurSubaZe madlierebas gamoxatavs Jurnalis gamocemisadmi interesis

gamo. `mamuls~ gamoexmaura saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi organiza-

ciebi, adgilobrivi presa (gaz. `Вести~, mariana tarasenko), ramac

ganapiroba kidec Jurnalis meore nomris dabeWdva~, _ wers avtori.

i. yurSubaZe Tavis gamosvlaSi estoneTis premier-ministr m.

laarisa da saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministr i. menaRariSvilis

Sexvedras exmianeba da, Tavis mxriv, qveynebis daaxloebis sakiTxSi

estoneTSi mcxovrebi qarTuli sazogadoebis rols gamokveTs.

sazogadoebas acnobs, saTvistomoSi ganxorcielebul Sida sakad-

ro cvlilebebsa da ajamebs gasuli wlis aqtivobebs. ganxorcielda

araerTi RonisZieba: aRiniSna religiuri da erovnuli dResaswaulebi,

bavSvebisTvis Catarda aRmzrdelobiT-SemecnebiTi gakveTilebi, saTvis-

tomom umaspinZla warmoSobiT qarTvel momReral v. melaZes, qarTuli

simRerebis ansambl `Tbiliss~, qarTvel fexburTelebs: m. xurcilavas,

d. yifians, r. ZoZuaSvilsa da nakrebis sxva wevrebs. mimarTvaSi avtori

qarTuli sazogadoebis saxeliT madlobas uxdis saTvistomos wevrebs:

vl. Juriars, Zmeb samxaraZeebs, T. TofCiaSvilsa da sxv.

`mamulis~ meore nomerSi SexvdebiT statiebs qarTuli

xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis Sesaxeb. daibeWda ansambl `Tbilisis~

stumrobis amsaxveli informacia. aseve, daibeWda werili qarTuli

Rvinisa da nacionaluri samzareulos Sesaxeb.

Jurnal `mamulis~ mesame nomeri 2002 w. gamoica. tradiciisamebr,

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRisadmi miZRvnili gamocema pirvel

gverdebs mkiTxvelisTvis saqarTvelos gacnobiT iwyebs: `aWara _

saqarTvelos margaliti~; adgili eTmoba saqarTvelos istorias,

gaSuqebulia daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqa, bagratis taZris istoria.

160

redaqtoris svets cvlis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris, i.

yurSubaZis mimarTva, romelSic avtori ajamebs wina wels Catarebul

RonisZiebebs. avtori ixsenebs robert sturuas, jumber leJavas,

ansambl `Tbilisis~, kalaTburTis gund `baskos~ wevrTa stumrobas.

madlobas uxdis sazogadoebis aqtiur wevrebs: iona baraTaSvils, Zmeb

samxaraZeebsa da biznesmen konstantine ivaniSvils. Jurnalis am

nomerSi daibeWda informacia aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.

aRniSvnis Rirsia Jurnalis yoveli nomris bolo gverdze

redaqtoris teqsti, romelSic is madlobas uxdis mkiTxvelebsa da

avtorebs. Jurnalis gamocemis finansuri mxardaWerisaTvis biznesmen k.

ivaniSvils, Zmeb samxaraZeebsa da sxv. (`mamuli~ 2000-2002).

paralelisaTvis: 1989 wels talinSi 1 500-iani tiraJiT gamovida

somxuri kulturuli sazogadoeba `vaagnis~ yovellTviuri gazeTi `va-

agni~. gazeTi orenovani iyo _ somxur-rusuli. redaqtori a. gulguli-

ani. redaqcias marTavda saredaqcio sabWo, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda

a. davidianci. gazeTis teqnikuri redaqtori iyo g. iknoiani. gazeTi 1991

wlamde gamodioda. `vaagnSi~ gamoqveynda estoneTis damoukideblobis

mxardamWeri publikaciebi. gamocema estoneTSi mcxovreb somxebsa da

sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebs somxeTSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb

informacias awvdida. ibeWdeboda werilebi somxeTis istoriisa da

kulturis Sesaxeb. gamocema vrceldeboda rogorc estoneTSi, aseve,

somxeTSi, sadac igzavneboda tiraJis naxevari. gazeTs xelismomwerebi

hyavda saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi, safrangeTSi da sxv.

araoficialuri monacemebiT, estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloebiT

2 000 somexi cxovrobs (grigoriani 2000: 51).

bolo periodSi nacionaluri organizaciebis umravlesobis mier

gamoica sainformacio bukletebi, romlebic maTi warmoSobis qveynis

kulturas acnobs sazogadoebas da sareklamo xasiaTs atarebs. xolo

maTi aqtivobebis Sesaxeb informacia, ZiriTadad, eleqtronul

gverdebze Tavsdeba.

161

eleqtronuli media estoneTSi mcxovrebi

eTnikuri jgufebisaTvis

saqarTvelos sruluflebian da sagangebo elCs estoneTis

respublikaSi, r. abaSiZes miaCnia, rom Jurnal `mamulis~ gamocema

qveynis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT Sewyda: `Jurnali saintereso da

aqtualuri iyo, Tumca Tanamedrove moTxovnebi qveyanaSi sxvaa. qveynis

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT Tu visaubrebT, misaRebia informaciis

gacvlis eleqtronuli saSualebebi. bunebrivia, media unda arsebobdes

beWdviTi saxiTac. UCvens SemTxvevaSi ufro Sedegiani iqneba, rom

yuradReba mivaqcioT eleqtronul medias.~

`qarTuli saxlis~ xelmZRvaneli m. samxaraZe acxadebs: `estoneTSi

diasporis didi umravlesoba internetTan mwyraladaa. eleqtronuli

saxiT informaciis miwodebas ver vaxerxebT. ra Tqma unda, aq axali

Taoba mxolod am saxiT urTierTobs, samwuxarod, isini diasporis

saqmianobaSi aqtiurad ar arian CarTulni. mimaCnia, rom momavali

eleqtronul medias aqvs, rac Cvens gaaqtiurebasac moiTxovs.~

estoneTis kulturis saministros kulturuli mravalferovnebis

departamenis ufrosi specialisti e. Juriari-osipovi ambobs, rom

kulturis saministros mxardaWeriT nacionaluri organizaciebisTvis

Seiqmna eleqtronuli gverdi _ www.etnoweb.ee , romelSic qveyndeba

informacia eTnikuri jgufebis aqtivobebis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans,

xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT saxelmwifo struqturebSi beWdviT

gamocemebs araefeqturad miiCneven. `Jurnal-gazeTebis beWdva finansur

sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba, tiraJi yvelas ver swvdeba... dRes eleqtronuli

media maqsimalurad yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomia. viTvaliswinebT ra

eTnikur jgufebSi profesionalebis naklebobas, maTTvis specialuri

samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis kursic SevimuSaveT~, _ aRniSnavs e. Juriari-

osipovi. veb-gverdi samenovania (estonuri, rusuli, inglisuri).

samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis skolis saswavlo kursis avtorebi

arian fsiqologiis, internet-teqnologiebis sferos warmomadgenlebi.

162

televiziis, eleqtronuli da beWdviTi gamocemebis Jurnalistebi: ivane

toodo (estoneTis tele-radio mauwyeblobis korporaciis (ERR) video-

operatori, memontaJe), ana gudim (mravalprofiluri Jurnalisti),

aleqsandre guJovi (fotoJurnalisti), natalia kitami (Jurnalisti,

sazogado moRvawe, proeqt www.etnoweb.ee -s avtori da xelmZRvaneli).

aRniSnuli saswavlo kursisTvis miznobrivi jgufi kompleqtdeba

estoneTis moqalaqeobis armqone pirebisa da im qveynebis warmomad-

genlebisagan, romlebic ar arian evrokavSiris wevrebi. proeqts mxars

uWeren evropuli fondi, estoneTis kulturis saministro da

integraciisa da migraciis fondi `Cveni xalxi~. swavleba onlain

reJimSi mimdinareobs. saswavlo masala atvirTulia veb-gverdze.

www.etnoweb.ee –ze qarTuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb, statistikuri

monacemebis garda, ganTavsebulia informacia maT mier organizebuli

RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.

eTnikuri organizaciebis sainformacio gverdi exmianeba qarTul-

estonuri organizacia `bagratis~ iniciativiT gamarTul Sexvedras,

romelsac uZRvebodnen: organizaciis xelmZRvaneli timofei basilaSvi-

li da qeTevan palelaSvili. `RonisZiebaze organizaciis xelmZRva-

nelma sazogadoebas gaacno samuSao garemo, saRamoze waikiTxes

qarTuli leqsebi, naCvenebi iyo qarTuli kulturis, wes-Cveulebebis

Sesaxeb momzadebuli qarTuli filmi. saRamoze popularizacia gaewia

qarTul Rvinosa da samzareulos~ (www.etnoweb.ee). veb-gverdze

ganTavsebulia sveticxovlobis Sesaxeb informacia, taZris istoria da

qarTuli organizaciebis milocva. aseve, informacia ukraineli da

qarTveli qalebis Sexvedris Sesaxeb.

estoneTis nacionaluri umciresobebis asociacia `lira~-s

ofiacialuri veb-misamarTia www.lyra.ee.

veb-gverdi orenovania (estonur-rusuli). aq Tavmoyrilia masalebi

estoneTSi mcxovrebi im eTnikuri jgufebis Sesaxeb, romlebic

imavdroulad asociaciis wevrebic arian. asociaciaSi daaxloebiT 58

163

nacionaluri organizaciaa gaerTianebuli. gverdze maT Sesaxeb mokle

informaciuli da sakontaqto monacemebia mowodebuli. aseve, arsebobs

rubrikebi: siaxleni, skola, galerea, `lurji frinvelis gadafrena~

(festivali). gverdze ganTavsebulia informacia kavSirSi Semavali

qarTuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb: `qarTuli folkloruli ansambli

`mamuli~ 2003 wels daarsda. ansamblis repertuarSia qarTuli

xalxuri simRerebi. ansamblma monawileoba miiRo folklorul

festival `baltikaSi~ (2003, 2005 da 2007 ww.), aseve asociacia `liras~

mier organizebul festivalebSi. xolo sabavSvo ansambli monawilea

festivalebisa: `Мисс Väike Lüüra~, `lurji frinveli~ da `msoflios

garSemo Zveli qalaqidan gausvlelad~. organizaciis Tavmjdomarea

givi mamuCaraSvili.~ (www.lyra.ee)

`2008 wels kavkasiuri kulturuli sazogadoeba `baTumi~ daarsda.

sazogadoebis mizania, Semoikribos aWaridan wamosuli Tanamemamuleebi.

Tavmjdomare suliko-valerian wuwunava~ (www.lyra.ee).

164

Nnawili V

paralelisaTvis: inglissa da germaniaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis

perioduli gamocemebi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~ da

gazeTi `axali iveria~

Jurnal `Tanamemamules~ pirveli nomeri 2003 wlis 26 maiss

germaniaSi gamoica. axalgazrdebi: zaza mesxi, nino xabelaSvili, uCa

gogiSvili `mebrZoli saqarTvelos~ redaqtoris, karlo inasariZis,

daxmarebiT Seudgnen qarTuli emigraciuli Jurnalis gamocemas.

`Tanamemamule~ pirveli ori nomris Semdeg inglisSi ibeWdeboda.

perioduloba orTviani SualediT ganisazRvra.

`emigraciul saqarTveloSi~ `Tanamemamule~ erTaderTi gamocema

iyo, romelSic religiis, saqarTvelos istoriisa da saymawvilo

rubrikis garda ZiriTadad ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi da moRvawe

qarTvelebis korespondenciebi ibeWdeboda. maTi TvalTaxedva sakuTar

yofaze mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda emigraciis Temebze momuSave

Jurnalistebis Sefasebebisagan. sakorespondencio qseli msoflios 20

qveyanas moicavda: TurqeTi, azerbaijani, irani, germania, safrangeTi,

didi britaneTi, aSS, espaneTi, CexeTi, holandia da sxv.; avtorebi:

qeTevan ruhi (xanTaZe) (TurqeTi), soso onikaSvili (irani), nino

yuloSvili (qurmuxeli) (azerbaijani), medea TuSmaliSvili

(safrangeTi), oTar patariZe (safrangeTi), givi TaqTaqiSvili

(holandia), manana odiSeli (inglisi), sofio TabukaSvili (kanada),

giorgi quTaTelaZe (kanada), giorgi laliaSvili (inglisi), sandro

klimiaSvili (inglisi), qeTi CalaTaSvili (ruseTi), irine javaxaZe (aSS)

da sxv.; korespondentTa umravlesoba saredaqcio jgufis wevrebi

iyvnen. `Tanamemamule~ saqarTveloSic vrceldeboda.

„Tanamemamule“ saqvelmoqmedo Jurnali iyo. redaqtori

imedovnebda, rom Jurnalis xelmomwerTa daxmarebiT sazRvargareT

emigraciis Semswavlel sainformacio-analitikur centrs Seqmnida.

165

Jurnals saintereso rubrikebi hqonda _ `aqtualuri sakiTxebis~

avtorebi ZiriTadad mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferos eqspertebi iyvnen.

qarTveli emigrantebi samSoblos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis

nafiqrs uziarebdnen auditorias rubrikaSi `afxazeTi Cemi~. mkiTxvels

saSualeba hqonda, emigrantTa dRiuris Canawerebidan amonaridebs

gacnoboda (`qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi~). aq yvelaze metad vlindeboda

samSoblosagan Sors myofi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis gancdebi... rubrike-

bidan `saqarTvelos megobrebi~ da `xelovneba da kultura~ mkiTxveli

Seityobda sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli SemoqmedebiTi jgufebis

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. Cveni Tanamemamuleebi sakuTari warmatebebis Sesa-

xebac iwerebodnen... gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia redaqciis

mcdeloba, ucxoeTSi dabadebuli qarTveli bavSvebi Seeguebina mSo-

bliur enasa da xalxur poezias. redaqcia iyenebda qarTul asomTav-

rul anbans, ornamentebs; amiT surda, mkiTxveli sakuTar kulturasTan

daeaxlovebina... Jurnali poligrafiuli TvalsazrisiT daxvewili iyo.

`Tanememamules~ devizi iyo ilias sityvebi: `marad da yvelgan

saqarTvelov, me var SenTana!~

2007 wels Jurnal `Tanamemamules~ ramdenime nomeri saqarTveloSi,

gamomcemloba `inteleqtSi~, daibeWda.

Jurnals redaqtori afinansebda. 2009 wels ramdenime nomeri

diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris aparatis

finansuri mxardaWeriT daibeWda. 2010 wels Jurnalis gamocema Sewyda.

gazeTi `axali iveria~ (germania) 2005 wlis ianvaridan 2008 wlamde

gamodioda. redaqtori _ jimSer bedianaSvili. vrceldeboda rogorc

evropaSi, ise ruseTSi, ukrainaSi, baltiispireTSi, amerikasa da

avstraliaSi. igzavneboda rogorc Cveulebrivi, ise – eleqtronuli

fostiT. gazeTi aSuqebda saqarTveloSi mimdinare kulturul

movlenebs, aseve germaniaSi mcxovrebi Tanamemamuleebis aqtivobebs.

gamocemaSi adgili eTmoboda religiur istoriul da sabavSvo Temebs.

166

gazeTis korespondentebi iyvnen: esma mania, giorgi merebaSvili, nino

yuloSvili (qurmuxeli), mzexa maxaraZe da sxv.

2007 wels `axali iveria~ gansxvavebuli formatiT gamoica, rac

gapirobebuli iyo `Cveneburebis~ saerTaSoriso festivalis

organizatorebTan SeTanxmebiT, rom erToblivad gamoecaT perioduli

Jurnali. SeTanxmeba ver Sedga, ramac gazeTis gamocema SeaCera. jimSer

bedianaSvilis survilia gamocema aRadginos, Tundac eleqtronuli

gverdis saxiT.

167

nawili VI

saerTaSoriso geopolitika da nacionaluri diaspora

qveynebs Soris urTierTobisas politikosebi xSirad diasporis

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iTvaliswineben. isini diasporas ganixil-

aven rogorc diplomatiuri balansis saSualebas. aRniSnuli diploma-

tiuri berketi swored maSin iwyebs moqmedebas, roca yvela sxva

saSualeba amowurulia. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa saqarTvelos

urTierToba im qveynebTan, romlebSic Cveni Tanamemamuleebi cxovroben.

Cven mier ganxilul qveynebs Soris azerbaijani da estoneTi,

saqarTvelos msgavsad, post-sabWoTa sivrcis nawilia. 2004 wlidan

estoneTis respublika evrokavSiris wevri gaxda. am TvalsazrisiT,

estoneTSi mcxovrebi nacionaluri diasporisaTvis integraciis

procesi samsafexuriania: integracia sakuTar eTnikur jgufebSi,

integracia sxvadasxva nacionalur sazogadoebebTan, maT Soris,

dominant eTnosTan da evrointegracia.

kvlevis geografiuli arealis gaTvaliswinebiT, gvsurs aRvniSnoT,

rom azerbaijanTan da TurqeTTan gvaqvs sasazRvro urTierToba da

Tanamemamuleebi swored sademarkacio zolSi mosaxleoben. bunebrivia,

lokalurad nacionaluri aqtivobebi qveynebis usafrTxoebis

samsaxurebis mier kontroldeba (inogenuri konfliqtis safrTxe).

azerbaijani saqarTvelos strategiuli partnioria, qveynebi

TanamSrmoloben energetikis, satransporto, turizmis, ekonomikis,

sabanko-safinanso, soflis meurneobis, kulturis, sportis,

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis, agreTve sxva mniSvnelovan sferoebSi.

kavkasiis regionis stabilurobisaTvis azerbaijanisa da saqarTve-

los keTilmezobluri urTierToba metad mniSvnelovania. aRniSnuli

TvalsazrisiT, azerbaijanSi arsebul qarTul diasporas, rogorc

saxalxo diplomatiis wyaros, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.

aseve, saxelmwifoebs Soris saerTaSoriso balansis SenarCunebis

saSualebas iZleva saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanuli diaspora.

168

azerbaijanis respublikaSi, kerZod, belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis

raionebSi qarTvelebi avtoxtonur mosaxleobas warmoadgenen, saqarT-

veloSi, qvemo qarTlSi, azebaijanelebi kompaqturad mosaxleoben.

eTnikuri mikroregionebi ZiriTadad sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi

Seiqmna. post-sabWoTa realobaSi qveynebs Soris sademarkacio xazebi

Seicvala da bevr SemTxvevaSi Ria konfliqtSi gadaizarda (afxazeTi,

samaCablo, yarabaxi). kavkasiis regionSi mSvidobisa da stabilurobi-

saTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia saxalxo diplomatiis amouwuravi

SesaZleblobebi.

TurqeTTan mimarTebaSi qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebi qveynis

SigniT Sida migraciaSi arian da maTi nacionaluri aqtivobebi TiTqmis

ganeitralebulia.

saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri qmediTobis xarisxi

aRmosavleTis qveynebTan mimarTebaSi bolo periodSi gaaqtiurda _

daiwyo axali strategiuli partniorebis Zebna. jer TurqeTTan, Semdeg

CrdiloeT kavkasiasTan, bolo dros ki iranTan dawesda uvizo reJimi,

romelic 2011 wlidan amoqmedda. amas win uZRoda Tbilissa da Teirans

Soris pirdapiri aviareisebis daniSvna.

saqarTvelo-irans Soris savizo reJimis gauqmeba qarTvelma

diplomatebma dadebiTad Seafases da usafuZvlod miaCniaT eWvi imis

Sesaxeb, rom iranTan urTierTobis es forma saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos ganviTarebis strategiuli veqtorisTvis Seusabamo

iqneba. qarTveli politologebi aRniSnuli faqtis gamo aSS-

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis daZabvas gamoricxaven. irani

energomatareblebiT mdidari qveyanaa. mas seriozuli samxedro-

samrewvelo infrastruqtura aqvs, amitom am mimarTulebiTac

saqarTvelosTvis irani kargi partniori iqneba.

faqtia, rom aSS-is Zalisxmevis gadarTvam eraysa da avRaneTze,

ekonomikurma krizisma da sxva araerTma movlenam bevr msxvil poli-

tikur moTamaSe-saxelmwifos imedi Causaxa. am ormxrivma procesma ki,

169

regionuli gavlenis centrebis moZliereba da win wamoweva gamoiwvia,

rac badebs axal ambiciebs msxvili regionuli liderebis rolze.

aseT pirobebSi saqarTvelos mouwevs lavireba regionSi, sadac

lideris rolze pretenzias ramdenime msxvili moTamaSe acxadebs.

Tumca, imavdroulad, Cveni usafrTxoebis strategiis gadaxedvac

gvmarTebs. aravin icis, rogori iqneba momavali msoflio wesrigi:

TurqeTi miiswrafvis aRmosavluri samyaros liderobisken, raTa

axal gamowvevebs mobilizebuli Sexvdes; sagareo politikuri

balansis mimarTulebiT aqtiuria azerbaijani; irani, Tavis mxriv,

aranaklebi ambiciebis mqone qveyanaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom iranis

interesebi regionSi mxolod amerikuls ar kveTs, missave interesebSia

ruseTis mier kavkasiis upirobo kontrolis aRkveTa. mxedvelobaSia

misaRebi iranis energetikuli gavlena. am situaciaSi iranis faqtoris

ignorireba dauSvebelia.

saqarTvelos dRes axali msoflio wesrigis formirebis

zedmiwevniT rTul periodSi uwevs cxovreba. estoneTis respublika,

romelmac baltiis qveynebTan erTad Tavi daaRwia ruseTis gavlenas

da dRes evropis sruluflebiani wevria, saqarTvelos evropul da

evroatlantikur struqturebSi integraciis TvalsazrisiT

daaxloebas xels uwyobs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni sagareo politikis mTavar problemad

dRemde rCeboda veqtorebis daubalansebloba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saqarTvelo-iranis, saqarTvelo-

TurqeTisa da saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis urTierTobis sakiTxebSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs qarTuli diaspora. mniSvnelovania,

diasporis Temam ganicados transformacia da saxalxo diplomatiis

wyarod iqces.

170

daskvna

sadisertacio naSromSi mizanmimarTulad SevexeT im problemebs,

romelTa mogvareba TiToeul SemTxvevaSi diasporis

warmomadgenlebisaTvis aucilebelia.

Cven mier ganxiluli perioduli gamocemebisTvis saerTo

erovnuli interesebia. eri, erovneba, erovnuli interesebi da

solidaroba umniSvnelo frazebi rodia. sazogadoebis azri

erTmniSvnelovania, ganviTarebis mTavar winapirobad erovnuli

niadagis arseboba miiCneva. bunebrivia, TviTgamorkvevis uflebis

realizebis sakiTxi eqtremizmSi ar gadadis. gamocemebi, ZiriTadad,

politkoreqtulia. redaqciebi TviTcenzuriT xelmZRvaneloben.

TiToeuli gamocemis konkretuli amocana cvalebadia droisa da

sivrcis gaTvaliswinebiT. azerbaijanis qarTvelebis mier momzadebuli

perioduli gamocemebis SemTxvevaSi mesveurebi mTavar miznad

mkiTxvelTa inteletualur-zneobriv aRzrdas, maT gamoRviZebasa da

amoqmedebas isaxaven. TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis

SemTxvevaSi gamocemebis amocanaa adgilsamyofeli da warmoSobis

qveynebis daaxloeba kulturul-ekonomikur, saganmanaTleblo,

politikur asparezze. evropis qveynebis qarTuli diasporuli

gamocemebi eTnikuri identobis SenarCunebisaken da mimReb qveynebSi

saqarTvelos Rirseuli wardgenisaken aris mimarTuli.

`Jurnalistika cxovrebis mesaWea!~ _AaRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT,

diasporuli gamocemebis organizatorebi sazogadoebis TiToeul

wevrs met-naklebad gaaqtiurebis saSualebas aZlevs. `adamiani pasiuri

mWvreteli rodia, igi TviTon qmnis da asxvaferebs cxovrebas. es ki

gulisxmobs sinamdvilis Seswavlis aucileblobas~ (tabiZe 1977: 8).

Jurnalistikis Teoretikosebi miiCneven, rom `erT SemTxvevaSi

gazeTis mTavari movaleobaa mkiTxvelTa inteleqtualur-zneobrivi

aRzrda, maTi gamoRviZeba da amoqmedeba. meore SemTxvevaSi ki,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca es safexuri daZleulia, presis amocana

171

rTuldeba da farTovdeba. igi `asparezia sxvadasxva cxovrebis

kavSirTa da ZalTa brZolisa~ (tabiZe 1977: 8). Cven mier Seswavlili

Jurnal-gazeTebis SemTxvevaSi, samwuxarod, mesveurebi Tanmimdevrulni

ver arian. aRmosavleTis qveynebSi maT politikuri koniunqtura ar

aZlevs amis saSualebas.

presa inteleqtualuri simwifis maCveneblad miiCneva, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi _ mZlavr ideologiur iaraRadac. rasakvirvelia,

diasporuli media mmarTveli wreebis yuradRebis centrSic xvdeba.

xelisuflebis ideologia mimarTulia strategiul TanamSromlobasa

da mSvidobiani geopolitikuri garemos Seqmnisken, integraciasa da

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebisken. evropis qveynebis

diasporuli media TviTkontrolirebadi xasiaTisaa,

politkoreqtulia. bunebrivia, istoriul diasporaSi arsebul presas

xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego ideebi ar gaaCnia. maT mier

TviTcenzuris pirobebSi gaSuqebuli problemebi warmoadgens

socialur winaaRmdegobebs, subieqtebis mier Semecnebuls rogorc

maTTvis mniSvnelovan Seusabamobas, arsebulsa da saWiros, sasurvelsa

da realurs, moRvawobis miznebsa da Sedegebs Soris. evropaSi

mcxovrebi Tanamemamuleebis periodika ZiriTadad eTnikuri jgufis

Sekvrisken da erovnuli kulturis adgilsamyofeli qveynisTvis

wardgenisken aris mimarTuli.

diasporuli media gansxvavebul Jurnalistikas gvTavazobs.

diasporul gamocemebSi SexvdebiT axal, specifikur literaturul

diskurss, romelic „ucxoobaSi“ emigrantuli cxovrebis aRqmiTaa

gapirobebuli; icvleba damokidebuleba Jurnalisturi Janrebisa da

mediis funqciebisadmi. diasporuli gamocemebi axal sakvlev masalas

gvTavazobs. bunebrivia, es garemoeba problemis istoriografiis

kuTxiT Sesaswavladac sainteresoa.

172

subkulturis gansazRvrisas gaTvaliswinebulia masobrivi

komunikaciebis saSualebebis, rogorc ideologiuri marTvis

instrumentis, mniSvneloba.

nacionalur (warmoSobis qveyana) an adgilobriv (mimRebi qveyana)

presaSi iSviaTad ibeWdeba publikaciebi diasporis, sxvadasxva

eTnikuri jgufis nacionaluri aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, an is mxolod

aRweriT xasiaTs atarebs. Tavad eTnikuri jgufis mier gamocemuli

periodika gansxvavebul wiaRsvlebs gvTavazobs.

diasporuli mediateqsti mgrZnobiare da tendenciuria.

mikerZoebuloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom gamocema ZiriTadad

organizaciis farglebSi mzaddeba da asaxavs saTvistomos aqtivobebs,

gviCvenebs organizaciis samoqmedo veqtors. tendenciurobas isic

iwvevs, rom publikaciis avtori movlenebis epicentrSia, subieqtia. ver

xdeba faqtis ganzogadeba, analizi. teqstebis Seswavla gvarwmunebs,

rom diasporul gamocemebSi publikaciebi, rogorc wesi, gapirovne-

bulia da gviCvenebs avtoris sulier mdgomareobasa da emigrantuli

cxovrebis detalebs. diasporuli perioduli gamocema esaa erTgvari

tribuna, romelic Sida komunikaciis paralelurad eTnikur

sazogadoebas procesebSi maqsimaluri CarTulobisaTvis sWirdeba.

saxelmwifo politikis mixedviT gansazRvruli diasporuli

mediaaqtivobebi integracias emsaxureba, xolo Tavad diasporuli

gamocemebi _ pirvel rigSi, eTnikur identifikacias.

Tavad diaspora medias axal miznebs usaxavs: Jurnal

`Tanamemamules~ (inglisi, 2003-2010) SemTxvevaSi saredaqcio politika

msoflio diasporis gaerTianebas cdilobda. aRniSnul gamocemasTan

Tanamemamuleebi msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan TanamSromlobdnen.

ibeWdeboda publikaciebi diasporis iniciativebis Sesaxeb.

sainformacio masalebis gverdiT didi adgili eTmoboda analitikur

statiebs. gazeT `axali iveriis~ (germania, 2005-2008) mizani iyo

germaniis qarTuli sazogadoebis Semokreba da erTian erovnul

173

sivrceSi moqceva. gazeTSi ganTavsebuli statiebi exmianeboda

warmomavlobisa da adgilsamyofel qveynebSi mimdinare movlenebs.

gazeT `moambes~ (azerbaijani, 1990-1991) istoriuli diasporis

problemebis asaxva da mis aRmosafxvrelad sazogadoebis CarTulobis

iniciativa hqonda. qarTul-Turqulenovani Jurnali `firosmani~

(TurqeTi, 2007-2010) ori qveynis kulturas acnobs auditorias. iranis

qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli sainformacio biuletenebi qarTuli

enisa da damwerlobis, erovnuli kulturis Tanamemamuleebamde mitanas

cdilobs. estoneTSi qarTul saTvistomo `mamulis~ rusulenovani

Jurnali, aseve `mamuli~ (2000-2002) saimijo xasiaTs atarebs da

adgilobriv auditoriazea gaTvlili.

diasporuli gamocemebis naratiul xasiaTs gansazRvravs

garkveuli droisa da sivrcis faqtorebi, damokidebulia

garemofaqtorebzec. am specifikuri masmediis teqstualuri analizi

gvaZlevs diasporis mier danaxuli samyaros suraTs. am SemTxvevaSi

lingvistika sociologiur, istoriografiul datvirTvas iZens.

eTnikuri jgufebis gamocemebis avtorebi xSir SemTxvevaSi

araprofesionalebi arian, Sesabamisad, gvxvdeba primitiuli midgoma

Jurnalisturi Janrebis mimarT. masalaTa umravlesoba intervius an

informaciis saxiT ibeWdeba. diasporuli mediasaSualebebiT ZiriTadad

realizebulia Jurnalistikis patriotuli, saganmanaTleblo da

organizaciuli funqciebi.

diasporuli mediis auditorias sazRvravs adgilsamyofeli qveyana.

magaliTad, italiasa da saberZneTSi qarTvelebi SromiTi migrantebi

arian, germaniasa da estoneTSi ki _ ZiriTadad studentebi. es faqtori

gamokveTs asakobriv jgufebsa da interesTa sferoebsac. xSir

SemTxvevaSi, ucxoeTSi dabadebuli TaobisTvis, romelic bi-kulturis

matarebelia eTnikuri identifikaciis sakiTxebi iseTi aqtualuri ar

aris, rogorc, Tundac misi mSoblebisTvis. subkulturis SenarCunebis

174

sakiTxSi axali Taoba simboluri monawilea, gansakuTrebiT Sereuli

ojaxebis warmomadgenlebis SemTxvevaSi.

saidentifikaciod diasporuli mediasaSualebebi ZiriTadad

qarTul enaze gamodis, Tumca vxvdebiT orenovan gamocemebs `firosma-

ni~ (TurqeTi) an mimRebi qveynis enaze `Ein blick Georgian~ (germania),

`Cveneburi~ (TurqeTi), an saurTierTo enaze gamocemul periodikasac

ki, qarTuli saTvistomos rusulenovani Jurnali `mamuli~ (estoneTi).

diasporaSi perioduli gamocemebis arseboba mniSvnelovania.

gansakuTrebiT im qveynebSi, sadac nacionaluri mediis

xelmisawvdomoba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo rTuldeba. diasporuli

mediis ganviTarebis sakiTxi subieqt saxelmwifoebs demokratiis

principebze dafuZnebuli TanamSromlobis mimarTulebasac sTavazobs.

aseve, diasporas, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis ganuyofel

nawils, gansakuTrebuli adgili unda daeTmos nacionalur mediaSi.

175

audiodanarTi 1 _ azerbaijanSi, TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi

Cveni Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebis amsaxveli fotoilustracia

(slaid-Sou).

audiodanarTi 2 _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqos radio `iveria~.

saavtoro gadacema `fesvebis~ Canawerebi.

176

sarCevi:

Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................................2

nawili I

hereTi _ istoriuli eqskursi ..................................................................................................25

saingilos qarTvelebis problemebi ..................................................................................35

saingilos qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli Jurnal-gazeTebi:

`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gazeTi `moambe~ .............................................38

gazeTi `Selale~ (`CanCqeri~) ....................................................................................................60

gazeTi `kaxi~ ..............................................................................................................................................61

gazeTi `sarkmeli~ ................................................................................................................................61

gazeTi `gzajvaredini~ .....................................................................................................................62

gazeTi `iavnana~ ......................................................................................................................................62

paralelisTvis: gazeTi `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~......................63

saingilos sakiTxebi 2002-2003 wlebis presaSi .....................................................64

nawili II

TurqeTis saqarTvelo _ istoriuli eqskursi .....................................................90

TurqeTis qarTvelobis sainformacio resursebi ..............................................97

lazebi .............................................................................................................................................................98

qarTvelebi stambolSi da maTi sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba ....................107

TurqeTis qarTvelebis problemebi ..................................................................................111

TurqeTis qarTvelebis gamocemebi

Jurnali `Cveneburi~ ..........................................................................................................................116

Jurnali `firosmani~ ........................................................................................................................123

Jurnali `mamuli~ .................................................................................................................................132

nawili III

fereidani _ istoriuli eqskursi ......................................................................................133

informacia fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri

problemebisa da iniciativebis Sesaxeb .....................................................137

fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba .................................................................139

177

nawili IV

qarTvelebi estoneTis respublikaSi ...................................................................................148

diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da

estoneTis respublikas Soris ..........................................................................153

estonuri presa saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ..................................................................................154

Jurnali `mamuli~ .......................................................................................................................................158

eleqtronuli media estoneTSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri jgufebisaTvis.....162

nawili V

paralelisaTvis: inglissa da germaniaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis

perioduli gamocemebi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~ da gazeTi

`axali iveria~ ..................................................................................................................................165

nawili VI

saerTaSoriso geopolitika da nacionaluri diaspora ...................................168

daskvna ...................................................................................................................................................................171

damowmebani .......................................................................................................................................................179

178

damowmebani:

a) publikaciebi

abulaSvili 1990: abulaSvili i. rwmenis aRdgena. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.

aTamaSvili 1990: aTamaSvili b. arqologiuri eqsponatebisa da

mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis daarsebis irgvliv. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #3.

babajanaSvili 1990: babajanaSvili m. pirveli hereli kaci, romelmac

moiloca wminda ierusalimi. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.

barixaSvili 1990: barixaSvili k. ...mimdinare wlis maisSi...; gaz. `moambe~,

1990, #1.

barixaSvili 1990: barixaSvili m. erTi Tandebulis gamo. gaz. `moambe~,

1990, #3.

gamxaraSvili 1990: gamxaraSvili i. feribiC-yalas Tavgadasavali. gaz.

`moambe~, 1990, #3.

daudovi 1990: daudovi (daTunaSvili) m. Cvenc qarTvelebi varT. gaz.

`moambe~, 1990, #3.

TofalaSvili 1990: TofalaSvili m. nu gvetyviT _ `qarTvelebi xarT?

gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.

mama ilarioni 1990: mimarTva, gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.

`moambe~ 1990: ingiloTa loRaTi. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #1.

nuroSvili 1990: nuroSvili m. guli ver mokla mtris xelma. gaz.

`moambe~, 1990, #3.

nuroSvili 1991: nuroSvili m. Cven gvjera saingilos erTianobisa! gaz.

`moambe~, 1991, #4.

nuroSvili 1990: nuroSvili m. arCevnebi da Cveni pozicia. gaz. `moambe~,

1990, #3.

papiaSvili 1990: papiaSvili z. qarTuli xalxuri simReris pirveli

saerTaSoriso festivali TelavSi. gaz. `moambe~. 1990, #1.

saredaqcio 1990: saidan modis gaugebroba? g. moambe. 4, 1990

saredaqcio 1991: Ria werili baton vazgen oqrojanaSvils. g. moambe. 4,

1991

saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991

saredaqcio 1991: Teatrs ulocaven. g. moambe. 4, 1991

179

saredaqcio 1991: g. moambe. 4. 1991

saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991

saredaqcio 1990: eqneba Tu ara sof. alibeglos axali kulturis saxli.

g. moambe. 3, 1990

saredaqcio 1990: iliaobaze. g. moambe. 3, 1990

saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991

saredaqcio 1990: qvelmoqmedeba. g. moambe. 2, 1990

saredaqcio 1990: informacia. g. moambe. 2, 1990

saredaqcio 1991: Cven xom erTi miwa-wylis Svilebi varT. g. moambe. 3,

1991

saredaqcio 1990: baTumis gazeTidan (1913w. #34; gv.: 3-4). samwuxaro ambavi.

g. moambe. 3, 1990

saredaqcio 1990: baTumis gazeTidan (1913w. #88; gv.: 2) nu iqneba `Cveuleba

sjulze umtkicesi. g. moambe. 2, 1990

saredaqcio 1990: g. moambe. 1, 1990

saredaqcio 1990: g. moambe. 1, 1990

samedova 1990: samedova f. Cemi sofeli. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #3.

sakova 2005: sakova a. qarTvelebi gacvliTi programiT tartuSi. gaz.

`Universitas Tartunsis~ , 9.09.2005 (rusul enaze).

sakova 2005: sakova a. tartu _ mSvidobiani da mwvane qalaqi. gaz.

`Universitas Tartunsis~, 9.09.2005 (rusul enaze).

suyaSvili 1990: suyaSvili e. fiqri yvelas gvmarTebs. gaz. `moambe~, 1990,

#2.

faleva 2005: faleva u. estoneTis qarTvelebi, gaz. `estoneTis

xalgazrdoba~, 3.06.2005 rusul enaze

qitiaSvili 1990: qitiaSvili c. Sexvedra akakisTan. gaz. `moambe~, 1990,

#2.

qronika 1990: qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso festivali

TelavSi, gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #1.

yiyiSvili 1990: yiyiSvili h. gastrolebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi. gaz.

`moambe~, 1990, #3.

giunaSvili 2005: giunaSvili j. minadora xoStarias akldamis Sesaxeb

qalaq TeiranSi. gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4.

180

giunaSvili 2005: giunaSvili j. fereidnel qarTvelebTan kulturuli

kavSiris gaRrmavebisaTvis. gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4.

b) literatura

abaSvili 2009: abaSvili v. qarTuli enis ingilouri dialeqti. Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2009.

adamia 1979: adamia i. qarTuli xalxuri xuroTmoZRvreba (saingilo).

Tbilisi.: gamomcemloba `xelovneba~, 1979.

asociacia 2009: asociacia qarTuli kultura saqarTveloSi da mis

sazRvrebs gareT. kulturaTa dialogi da diaspora. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

„saqarTvelos macne“, 2009.

grigoriani 2000: grigoriani r. somxuri diaspora estoneTSi. narva: 2000.

rusul enaze

gamsaxurdia 2006: gamsaxurdia k. zviadis Ze. werilebi ucxoeTidan.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saari~. 2006.

dumbaZe 1953: dumbaZe m. aRmosavleT kaxeTis (saingilos) istoriidan.

Tbilisi: saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba. 1953.

vaJa-fSavela 1986: vaJa-fSavela. kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi. _ vaJa-

fSavela. Txzulebani. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1986.

ingoroyva 1990: ingoroyva p. saqarTvelos teritoriis sazRvrebis

Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: rusTavelis sazogadoebis gamomcemloba `sarangi~, 1990.

isakovi 1969: Исаков С. Сквозъ годы и расстояния (estoneTisa da ukrainis,

saqarTvelosa da latviis kulturuli kavSirebis istoriidan. XIX s.

dasawyisi da XX saukune). talini: gamomcemloba `Ээsti raamat~, 1969.

viikbergi 1999: Виикберг И. Националъние менъшинства, групы и осколки. talini:

enciklopediuri gamocema, 1999.

kalandia 2005: kalandia T. 2000 lazuri sityva. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`artanuji~, 2005.

kalandia 2010: kalandia g. ahmed melaSvili _ CveneburTa beladi.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sezani~, 2010.

marjaniSvili 2005: marjaniSvili g. hereTi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`artanuji~, 2005.

181

mamardaSvili 1998: mamardaSvili m. leqciebi fsiqoanalizis Sesaxeb.

Tbilisi: mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti. 1998.

mamardaSvili 2007: merab mamardaSvili [krebuli]. Semdgeneli da

Sesavali werilis avtori T. mTibelaSvili. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`inteleqti~. 2007.

miwiSvili 2006: miwiSvili n. qarTuli qronika revoluciis droidan.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2006.

ortega i gaseti 1993: ortega i gaseti x. masebis amboxi. Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `xomli~, 1993.

papuaSvili 2008: papuaSvili T. saingilos istoriis narkvevebi. Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2008.

samuSia 2003: samuSia j. sabWoTa kavSiris pretenziebi TurqeTisadmi.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2003.

siilivaska 1983: siilivaska k. `tartus universitetis istoria 1632-1982

ww.~ talini: gamomcemloba `periodika~, 1983 (rusul enaze).

sonRulaSvili 2005: sonRulaSvili a. iranSi qarTvelTa nakvalevze.

Tbilisi: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriisa da eTnologiis

instituti, 2005.

smiTi 2007: smiTi e. d. nacionaluri identoba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`logos presi~, 2007.

tabiZe 1968: tabiZe n. narkvevebi qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriidan.

Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1968.

tabiZe 1977: tabiZe n. ilia WavWavaZis `iveria~ (1877-1885). Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, 1977.

tabiZe 1978: tabiZe n. werilebi mxatvrul-publicisturi ostatobis

Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1978.

tabiZe 1969: tabiZe n. pirveli qarTuli gazeTi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1969.

tabiZe 1988: tabiZe n. ilia WavWavaZis publicistika. Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1988.

turaSvili 2005: turaSvili d. estonuri fotomoTxrobebi. Jurnali

`cxeli Sokoladi~, 2005, #8.

182

tyebuCava 1997: tyebuCava d. publicisturi teqstis Sinaarsobrivi

elementebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1997.

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WabaSvilma. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „ganaTleba“. 1989.

futkaraZe 1993: futkaraZe S. Cveneburebis qarTuli. baTumi: aWaris

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qarCxaZe 2005: qarCxaZe j. publicistika. Tbilisi: `gia qarCxaZis

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presaSi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti“, 2004.

SaraZe 2001: SaraZe g. qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistikis istoria. t. I–

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wereTeli 1990: wereTeli m. eri da kacobrioba. Tbilisi: Tbilisis

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WavWavaZe 1991: WavWavaZe i. amonaridi  1882 wlis martis `Sinauri

mimoxilvidan~ _ i. WavWavaZe. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli (oc tomad). t. V

(kritika). teqsti gamosacemad moamzades, variantebi, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTes e. SaraSeniZem, l. megreliSvilma, c. yifSiZem, l. SavguliZem da l.

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183

WilaZe 2010: WilaZe o. ca miwidan iwyeba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

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xorava 2004: xorava b. afxazTa muhajiroba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

`artanuji~, 2004.

xoStaria 2005: xoStaria d. klarjeTis eklesiebi da monastrebi.

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javaxiSvili... 1989: javaxiSvili i. surgulaZe p. listi p. istoriuli

raritetebi. Tbilisi: 1989.

janaSvili 2007: mose janaSvili _ 150 (konferenciis masalebi). Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2007.

jobaZe 2006: jobaZe v. adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli monastrebi

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Корконосенко... 2004: Корконосенко С. Г. Блохин И. Н. Виноградова С. М. Кузин В. И.

Сидоров В.А. Журналистика в мире политики. С-Пб: 2004.

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этносоциологического исследования. М.: 1997.

g) gazeTebi

`axali epoqa~ (2002-2003).

`axali iveria~ (2005-2008).

`axali hereTi~ (2002-2003).

`gzajvaredini~ (2004).

`iavnana~ (2004).

`kaxi~ (2002-2003).

`kviris palitra~ (2010-2011).

`megobrobis macne~ (2004-2008).

`moambe~ (1990-1991).

`sarkmeli~ (2001 wlidan).

`saqarTvelos respublika~ (2002-2003).

`Selale~ (CanCqeri) (1931 wlidan).

`Cveni mwerloba~ (2002-2003).

`xidi~ (1993-2004).

`Кавказский Акцент~ (2002-2003).

184

d) Jurnalebi

`axali xidi~ (2002-2003).

`Tanamemamule~ (2003-2010) _ inglisi.

`iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli Jurnali~ (2005-

2006).

`mamuli~ I-V (1997-1998) _ TurqeTi.

`mamuli~ I-III (2000-2002) _ estoneTi.

`omega~ (2002-2003).

`firosmani~ I-X (2005-2010).

`Cveneburi~ (1977-2002).

`Cveneburi~ (2007) (saerTaSoriso festival `Cveneburebis~ gamocema)

e) radiomauwyebloba:

iranis qarTuli radio.

radio `hereTi~.

v) eleqtronuli mediasaSualebebi:

www.diaspora.gov.ge

www.mfa.gov.ge

www.patriarkhate.ge

www.fereidani.ge

http://worldservice.irib.ir/

www.etnoweb.ee

www.lyra.ee

http://ka.wikipedia.org/

http://mediaofdiaspora.blogs.lincoln.ac.uk/

http://www.dissercat.com/content/natsionalnaya-diaspora-kak-obekt-

etnosotsiologicheskogo-issledovaniya

nino yuloSvili ©

185