avoiding the 1000 dollar vm in your first cloud · 2017-12-14 · options •storage blade (per...
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CloudOpen Europe 2014
Avoiding the 1000 Dollar VM in your first cloud
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#whoami
Name: Tim Mackey
Current roles: XenServer Community Manager and Evangelist; occasional coder
Cool things I’ve done • Designed laser communication systems
• Early designer of retail self-checkout machines
• Embedded special relativity algorithms into industrial control system
Find me • Twitter: @XenServerArmy
• SlideShare: slideshare.net/TimMackey
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Clouds are cool
Agility • Ease of provisioning w/o hardware latency
• Remove IT as a service delivery critical path
• Manage complete infrastructure, regardless of
scale
Lower operational expenses • Consistent application and service deployment
• Drive reduced capital requirements
• Visibility into user and line of business usage
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Why we want a cloud – the reality
Agility • Ease of provisioning w/o hardware latency
• Remove IT as a service delivery critical path
• Manage complete infrastructure, regardless of
scale
Lower operational expenses • Consistent application and service deployment
• Drive reduced capital requirements
• Visibility into user and line of business usage
Our boss bought the hype!!!
![Page 5: Avoiding the 1000 Dollar VM in your first cloud · 2017-12-14 · Options •Storage blade (per pod) •Local storage per blade ... 83% savings over physical server . Understanding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042221/5ec786b59c7238129c48109a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why we want a cloud – the reality
Agility • Ease of provisioning w/o hardware latency
• Remove IT as a service delivery critical path
• Manage complete infrastructure, regardless of
scale
Lower operational expenses • Consistent application and service deployment
• Drive reduced capital requirements
• Visibility into user and line of business usage
Our boss bought the hype …
… but doesn’t want to look like an idiot
![Page 6: Avoiding the 1000 Dollar VM in your first cloud · 2017-12-14 · Options •Storage blade (per pod) •Local storage per blade ... 83% savings over physical server . Understanding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042221/5ec786b59c7238129c48109a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Today’s realities versus tomorrow’s norms
IT is a large capital expense
Work only happens in the office
IT does support and maintenance
Calling the helpdesk
IT is a monthly operating expense
Work happens wherever you are
IT drives strategic initiatives
On-demand, self-service IT
IT Today IT Tomorrow
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Enterprise datacenter Cloud
• Architected for 100s of hosts
• Scale-up (server clusters)
• Applications assume reliability
• IT Management-centric
• Proprietary vendor stack
• Architected for 1000s of hosts
• Scale-out (multi-site server farms)
• Applications assume failure
• Autonomic [1:1,000’s]
• Open, value-added stack
Competing paradigms
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Service Offerings
Clearly define what you want to offer • What types of applications
• Who has access, and who owns them
• What type of access
Define how templates need to be managed • Operating system support
• Patching requirements
Define expectations around compliance and availability • Who owns backup and monitoring
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Define tenancy requirements
Department data local to department • Where is the application data stored
Data and service isolation • VM migration and host HA
• Network services
Encryption of PII/PCI • Where do keys live when data location unknown
• Need encryption designed for the cloud
Showback to stakeholders • More than just usage, compliance and audits
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Let’s build a cloud ….
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Where to start …
Deliver something easy • Web services are a perfect start
• With experience grow the install base
Pay for what you need • Use free hypervisors
• Use free orchestration services
Succeed early • Remember your success is tied to happy boss
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Enterprise system assumptions
Redundant networking • LACP or bonding
• Stacked switches
• Additional NICs
High performance storage • iSCSI/ Fiber Channel
• Multiple paths
High density systems management • Blade servers
• Data center wide operations managment
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Let’s get some shiny new gear …. … because you can’t just reuse what you’ve got
Redundant, independent networks • Management, storage, VM traffic 6 NICs
High performance storage • 10 Gbps links for storage and VM traffic
• 1 Gbps for management traffic
Compute simplification • Blade based servers
• Network fabric for network management
VM specification • 2 vCPU, 8GB RAM, 40GB shared disk
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The BOM
Total hardware cost: 293 242 USD
Component Cost
HP BladeSystem Enclosure w/Flex 10 Interconnects 70 210 USD
Compute blades (14x BL460c, dual socket, 128GB) 157 536 USD
Cisco Nexus switches (2x5548UP) 36 620 USD
HP MSA Storage (24 drives/RAID 5/900GB) 28 876 USD
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1222 USD per VM 3086 USD for equivalent physical server
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Did you build a cloud?
Cost • Did we just refresh some hardware?
• Have we improved anything?
• Is this just “business as usual”?
Capabilities • Are we more agile?
• Can we take advantage of new paradigms?
• Is this easier to manage?
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Scalability and failure
Fact • Cloud providers have outages
• Networks go down
• Usage varies
Assertion • Is failure a form of scalability?
• Can we leverage this in our design?
• Is our paradigm correct?
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Attack the storage paradigm
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Shared storage growth and provisioning time
1,000
500
VMs
Cost, AU 100 200
500
VMs
Provisioning efficiency
AU – arbitrary units
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Combined efficiency and storage evolution
Redesign
1,000
500
VMs
100 200 Cost, AU
VMs
1,000
500
Cost, AU 100 200
? Alternatives
AU – arbitrary units
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Redesign
Efficiency and pod storage
1,000
500
VMs
100 200 Cost, AU
POD #1
POD #2
POD #3 1,000
500
VMs
100 200 Cost, AU
AU – arbitrary units
No redesign
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What about local storage?
1,000
500
VMs
Cost, AU 100 200
50
VMs
Provisioning efficiency
AU – arbitrary units
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POD
trend
Traditional
trend
Cost-Performance Trends
Shared Storage Local Storage
1,000
500
VMs
Cost, AU 100 200
1,000
500
VMs
100 200 Cost, AU
Local storage
Performance
trend
Local storage
trend
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Understanding relationship between VM density and IO
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Plan B
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The power of local storage
Our IO requirements • 300-400 IOPs per blade
• 3-4 SAS 10K disks, or SSD MLC
Our storage requirements • 700-900 GB per blade
Options • Storage blade (per pod)
• Local storage per blade
• Change to pizza boxes
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Let’s get some shiny new gear …. … because you can’t just reuse what you’ve got
Redundant, independent networks • Management, VM traffic 4 NICs
No shared storage • 10 Gbps links for VM traffic
• 1 Gbps for management traffic
Compute • Rack based servers
VM specification • 2 vCPU, 8GB RAM, 40GB shared disk
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The BOM
Total hardware cost: 127 490 USD
Component Cost
Dell R630 (dual socket, 128GB, 4x300GB SAS 10k) 98 880 USD
Cisco Nexus switches (2x3064X) 28 610 USD
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531 USD per VM 56% savings over “enterprise best practices”
83% savings over physical server
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Understanding what you want to accomplish
Public clouds are people carriers and minibuses
YOUR cloud should be a race car • Optimize it for your needs
Don’t rent what you can own cheaper • Cloud operator doesn’t care about your success
• Optimized applications might be key
Ensure you have backup plans • Usage can and does spike
• Outages can and do happen
vs.
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Virtualization infrastructure choices
Hypervisor defined by service offerings • Don’t select hypervisor based on “standards”
• Understand true costs of virtualization
• Multiple hypervisors are “OK”
• Bare metal can be a hypervisor
To “Pool” resources or not • Is there a real requirement for pooled resources
• Can the cloud management solution do better?
• Real cost of shared storage
Primary storage defined by hypervisor
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The ROI of a private cloud OpEx vs CapEx
EC2 costs (US/East) • m3.large (Linux) on-demand: 1352 USD per year
• m3.large (Linux) 3yr reserved: 1609 USD for three years
• m3.large (RHEL) 3 yr reserved: 3348 USD for three years
Your cloud costs • 115 130 USD depreciated over 3 years: 183 USD per VM per year
• Operational costs vary
Become a service provider to your business • Provide on demand services, which scale with the business
• Through business understanding, retain operational control of IT
• Simplify compliance monitoring
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Tying it all Together
1. Define success criteria
2. Evaluate current best practices
3. Select a topology which works
4. Decide on storage options
5. Define supported configurations
6. Select preferred hypervisor(s)
7. Build your Cloud
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WORK BETTER. LIVE BETTER.