avian evolution, biogeography n phylogenetic relationships

8/19/2019 Avian Evolution, Biogeography n Phylogenetic Relationships

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doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1368, 459-4692682001Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

Joel Cracraft Tertiary mass extinction event−

Avian evolution, Gondwana biogeography and the Cretaceous

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alaeognathae eognathae

alloanserae

i n a m i d a e

p t e r y g i d a e

i n o r n i t h i d a e

h e i d a e

t r u t h i o n i d a e

a s u a r i i d a e

r o m i c e i d a e

e g a p o d i i d a e

r a c i d a e

h a s i a n o i d e a

n h i m i d a e

r o m o r n i t h i d a e

n s e r a n a t i d a e

n a t i d a e

e o a v e s

e p y o r n i t h i d a e




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5/13

t i d i d

a e

e s

i t o r n

i t h i d

a e

r u i d

a e

r a m

i d a e

s o p

h i i d

a e

a l l i d

a e

e s s e

l o r n

i t h i d

a e

u r y p y g

i d a e

h y n o c

h e

t i d

a e

p t o

r n i t h i d

a e

a r i a m

i d a e

e l i o r n i t h i d a e

r n

c e

t e a t o r n i t h i d a e

p o d i d a e

r o c h i l i d a e

e g o t h e l i d a e

y c t i b i i d a e

a p r i m u

l g i d

a e

o d a r i g i d a e




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scinesuboscines

i t t

i d

a e

h i l

e p

i t t

i d

a e

y r a n n

i

c a n

t h i

s i

t t

i d

a e

a s s e r

i d

a

e l i

p h

a g o

i d

e a

o r v o

i d

e a

u r y l a i m i d a e

u r y l a i m i d a e




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35 Myr

100 Myr160 Myr 84 Myr

85 Myr

80–40 Myr

64–55 Myr

100–80 Myr

Kerguelan Plateau

Norfolk Ridge




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Late Cretaceous fossil age

inferred age Late Cretaceous or older

Palaeogene fossil age

inferred age Palaeogene or older

Neogene/no fossil age

85 Myr New Zealand/West Antarctica

64–55 Myr Australia/East Antarctica

35 Myr South America/West Antarctica

100 Myr Africa/South America

80–40 Myr New Caledonia/New Zealand

84 Myr Madagascar/India

100–80 Myr Madagascar–India/East Antarctica

inferred minimal geological vicariance ages

R h e i d a e

S t r u t h i o n i d a e

D i n o r n i t h i d a e

A p t e r y g i d a e

T i n a m i d a e

A n a t i d a e

P r e s b y o r n i t h i d a e

A n s e r a n a t i d a e

D r o m o r n i t h i d a e

A n h i m i d a e

C r a c i d a e

P h a s i a n o i d e a

M e g a p o d i i d a e

C o r v o i d e a

M e l i p h a g o i d e a

P a s s e r i d a

A c a n t h i s i t t i d a e

T y r a n n i

P h i l e p i t t i d a e

E u r y l a i m i d a e

P i t t i d a e

N y c t i b i i d a e

S t e a t o r n i t h i d a e

C a p r i m u l g i d a e

P o d a r g i d a e

A e g o t h e l i d a e

T r o c h i l i d a e

A p o d i d a e

S T R I G I F O R M E S

M U S O P H A G I F O R M E S

P I C I

C O R A C I I F O R M E S

G A L B U L A E

C O L I I F O R M E S

C U C U L I F O R M E S

P S I T T A C I F O R M E S

A p t e r o r n i t h i d a e

R h y n o c h e t i d a e

M e s s e l o r n i t h i d a e

E u r y p y g i d a e

A r a m i d a e

G r u i d a e

P s o p h i i d a e

R a l l o i d e a

C a r i a m a e

M e s i t o r n i t h i d a e

O t i d i d a e

T u r n i c e s

C H A R A D R I I F O R M E S

C O L U M B I F O R M E S

P T E R O C L I D A E

G A V I I F O R M E S

P O D I C I P E D I F O R M E S

S P H E N I S C I F O R M E S

P R O C E L L A R I I F O R M E S

C I C O N I I F O R M E S

P E L E C A N I F O R M E S

F A L C O N I F O R M E S

NEOAVESGALLOANSERAE

NEOGNATHAEPALAEOGNATHAE

A e p y o r n i t h i d a e

D r o m i c e i d a e

C a s u a r i i d a e

ages inferred from fossil taxa




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avian evolution, biogeography n phylogenetic relationships

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