autonomous vehicles will eliminate 90% of road accidents and we...

2017 Arctic RED Ltd

September 20th 2017

Autonomous vehicles will eliminate 90% of road accidents and we all will be connected to them

ArcticRED – a leader in autonomous driving tech

RED ADS Autonomous Driving System

Level 5+

Self-driving

Self-mapping

All weather

Cars today are horrifically inefficient and dangerous

More than 800 cars in the USA per 1000people

Occupancy rate is 1.6 passengers per vehicle

The typical car is parked 95% of the time

A shocking percentage of urban real estate is for parking spaces

Over 30% of traffic in cities might be due to search of parking space

Over 1M casualties annually worldwide,while in the USA:

13M collisions

1.7M caused injuries

2.4M people injured

30.000 people killed (30% involving alcohol)

90% caused by driver error

$169 billion

Fuel Savings

$488 billion

Accident avoidance

$647 billion

Increased productivity

U.S. market only, non exhaustiveSource: predictions for U.S. market, Morgan Stanley research, 2014

$1.3 trillion annual savings in U.S. only from autonomy

Levels of vehicle autonomy

0 1 2 3 4 5 5+ 6

HANDS ON TEMPORARYHANDS OFF

HANDS OFF NO DRIVER

DRIVERONLY

HIGHAUTOMATION

ParkingAssistance

CONDITIONALAUTOMATION

ASSISTED FULLAUTOMATION

FULLAUTOMATION

ANDSELF-MAPPING

ADVANCEDCAPABILITIES

E.G.SELF-FLYING

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), extended with levels 5+ and 6

Sustainable business modelsonce mass-adoption achievedTransitory period with incremental and evolutionary adoption

ParkingGarage

Pilot

Traffic JamChauffeur

RobotTaxi

PARTIALAUTOMATION

What people plan to do when not

driving

How do we achieve autonomy?

Mapping

Robotics

Machine Learning

Communications

No recognized“winning”blueprint or consensus today

Competing approaches andtechnologies

May be applied exclusivelyor combined

“We map the world and the map will

guide the car”

“We sense the environment and

recognize the objects and choose our

trajectory”

“We don’t decide how the car will make its driving decisions,

we make it learn automatically”

“We communicate what we do, so does everyone else, and

we coordinate together”

Connected andautomated

driving (CAD)

C-V2X - C-ITS

Can anything else win except all combined?

Mapping

RoboticsMachine Learning

Communications

Combined solution has the potential to provide superior

• Safety• Efficiency• Comfort

It is not difficult to see how removing any one approach from the mix would detoriate at least one of these key success factors.

Technical requirements for all-weather autonomy

Self-mapping in 3D

Linear way to solve the

complexity of scenarios

Robust positioning algorithms

working in all conditions

Combination of robotics, 3D mapping and

machine learning

Realistic multi-sensory solution (ready for solid

state LiDAR)

What has been planned in the EU?

EU earlier work focus in assisted driving approach – focus on helping human driversHelping the vehicle to “see with the eyes of others” and “coordinate maneuvering“The focus needs to elevate at Level 5 and onwards: maximize efficiency at systemic level (e.g. traffic flow speed harmonization) from solving individual driving situations (vs. automated overtake)

Autonomous is much more than a car

VehicleSegment

SupportSegment

ManufacturerSegment

Geospatial informationReal-time and historical

vehicle information

Neighborhood Segment

ServiceSegment

Services and interconnectivity

Interfaces to car and sensorsStrategic and tactical driving

Geospatial information

R&DOptimizationMaintenance

Events near vehicle

economist.com

ArcticRED

blog.caranddriver.com

ArcticRED

What does it mean to combine it all?

Service Segment

Services andinter-

connectivity

Security

Support Segment

Geospatial information

Vehicle information

Security

Neighborhood Segment

Events Nearby

Security

Vehicle Segment

Geospatial Information

Autonomous Driving

Sensors and Security

Manufacturer Segment

R&D and Optimization

Data Archive

Maintenance

Example architecture and interfaces

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS

PositioningSystem

PS

DrivingSystem

DS

MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS

DynamicRoad Map

SystemDRMS

MultiDIMMapMDM

DYNAMICROAD MAPDRM

Vehicle ControlSystem

VCSVehicle

MultiDIMMapMDM

Dynamic Road Map

DRM

SensorsSensors

MultiDIM MapManagement

System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map Management System DRMMS

Vehicle Segment

Support Segment

Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Vehicle Monitoring

DataVMD

MasterLogML

Sensor DataLog SDL

Logging SystemLS

Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS

Remote Override Car Control

ROCC

ManufacturerSegment

Storage ManagerSM

MasterLogML

Sensor DataLogSDL

Map UpdateSystemMUS

Vehicle Data Storage

VDS

OptimizationWorkbench

OW

CommonConfigCCFG

RoutingConfigRCFG

DrivingConfigDCFG

RoutingConfigRCFG

DrivingConfigDCFG

OnboardUser

InterfaceOBUI

Global Route PlanManagement

System GRPMS

(Map logging)

Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS

Neighborhood SegmentLow-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES

Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA

Service Segment

Signage SystemSIGS

CommonConfigCCFG

Pay as you drive PredictiveMaintenance Optimization MaaS Interop /

ExchangeAPI for

3rd party APPS

Route PlanRepository

RPR

Route PlanRepository

RPR

Remote Route ControlRCC

SensorLoggerSENL

5G potential interfaces

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS

MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic

Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map Management System DRMMS

Vehicle Segment

Support SegmentVehicle

Monitoring System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route PlanManagement

System GRPMS


Neighborhood SegmentLow-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES


Service Segment


7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – Vehicle Monitoring & Management

• Vehicle Remote Monitoring• State Estimate, Position, Status• Updates every (few) second• Not sensitive to latency,

low bandwidth

• Vehicle OTA Updates• System Software and

Configuration• On need basis, potentially

100s of MB

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map

Management System DRMMS

Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan

Management System GRPMS


Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES



7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – Remote Sensor Data Access

• Near real-time sensor data feed from the vehicle sensors to a remote operator (human or machine)

• Remote operator is generally in the Internet (cannot assume locality)

• As low latency as possible• 1MB/s to 400MB/s• Needs to adjust to available

bandwidth• Mission critical = used for remote

driving

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – MultiDim Map Updates

• MultiDim Map consists of the encoding of the changing 3D environment used for accurate positioning and driving

• Estimated number of daily updates 1-10 billion globally

• Millions of vehicles submit the updates

• Consolidated updates will be pushed back to millions of vehicles

• Not very latency sensitive• Potentially high bandwidth

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – Dynamic Road Map Updates

• Dynamic Road Map consist of the route network topology and static and dynamic properties

• Roads, speed limits, lanes, parking• Current average speed per road/lane

• Estimated number of daily updates globally 1-10 billion

• Millions of vehicles submit the updates, accepted updates will be pushed back to millions of vehicles

• Emergency information is highly latency critical (immediate hazard), most information more latency relaxed

• Low bandwidth (object attribute level information)

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – Route Plan Updates

• Each vehicle re-evaluates its routing every few seconds

• Automated reaction to changed circumstances of any kind

• Vehicles inform a central service of the changed route plan

• Global route plan management may suggest change to the route (e.g. diverting) to enable systemic traffic optimization

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

• Not very latency sensitive• Low bandwidth

5G potential – Route Control Updates

• Remote Route Control• Remote route commands

e.g. to enable a robotaxi fleetRoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

• Not very latency sensitive• Low bandwidth

5G potential – Remote Driving

• Remote Override Car Control• Remote near-real-time driving of

the car• Remote human or machine driver• Based on SDRAS sensor data

• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth• Mission critical = used for

remote driving

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 1514 1910 20

5G potential – Neighborhood Events

• Hazards, traffic lights, obstacles, actual speeds, …

• Each vehicle shares what it perceives or estimates (objects and attributes level)

• Other vehicles may choose to use the information

• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 15

14 1910 20

5G potential – Neighborhood Intentions

• Each vehicle announces its intentions frequently

• Other vehicles may use this information to narrow down the possible near-term scenarios

• This helps to choose safer and more efficient actions

• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth

RoutingSystem

RS

SensorSystemSENS


Road MapSystemDRMS


VCS


System MDMMANS

Dynamic Road Map


Vehicle Monitoring

System VMS

Logging SystemLS



ROCC

Global Route Plan






7 8 15

14 1910 20

Security is the key

Must be built-in• Throughout the product life-cycle

Covering all segments• Vehicle Segment• Manufacturer Segment• Neighborhood Segment• Support Segment• Service Segment

Communication tech must enable• Client authentication• Authenticity• Integrity• Confidentiality• Privacy

Why we believe 5G is preferred for autonomy?

• All needed types of communications under the same technology stack• Not just communications• Device management, safety, security, authentication, charging, auditing• Scalability

• Most realistic CAPEX/OPEX through slicing and service federation• Infrastructure can be put to a maximum use

• Realistic evolution• Investment to the 5G future releases will benefit the solution

• Supports all road-users: same tech will be in the other mobile devices• Concept of proximity as actual geographical location

• 5G ProSe notion of proximity is beneficial - based on OMA LIF/AD

Example Architecture

City as InfraProvider

MNO as InfraProvider

Federated C-V2Xslice – ultra low latency

Federated C-V2Xslice – latency relaxed

Other domainfederated slide

Road Operator as Infra Provider

Need for network capabilities is very dynamic

Our autonomous future will be based ona holistic connected architecture

Mapping

RoboticsMachine Learning

Communications

autonomous vehicles will eliminate 90% of road accidents and we...

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