automotive crash & safety termnologies

AUTOMOTIVE CRASH & SAFETY TERMNOLOGIES

Dr.RohitSinghLather,Ph.D.AssociateProfessor,NCU

DEFINITIONS

• AutomotiveCrash

Crashisanunprecedentedeventoccurswhenavehiclecollideswithanothervehicle,pedestrian,animal,road

debrisorotherstationaryobstructionsuchastrees,polesetc.

Theresultofcrashisdeath,injuries,damageandfinancialloss

• Crashworthiness

The crashworthiness is a science of optimizingvehicle structure that can absorb the crash energy by controlled

vehicle deformationswhilemaintainingadequate space so that the residual crash energy can be managed by the

restraint systemstominimize crash loads transfer to the vehicle occupants

• Deformable,yetstiff,frontstructurewithcrumplezonestoabsorbthecrash

• Deformablerearstructuretomaintainintegrityoftherearpassengercompartmentandprotectthefueltank

• Properlydesignedsidestructuresanddoorstominimizeintrusioninsideimpactandpreventdoorsfromopening

duetocrashloads

• Strongroofstructureforrolloverprotection

• Properlydesignedrestraintsystemsthatworkinharmonywiththevehicle

• Structuretoprovidetheoccupantwithoptimalridedownandprotectionindifferentinteriorspacesandtrims

CRASHWORTHINESSREQUIREMENTS

VEHICLECOORDINATESYSTEM

Source:https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/005/sae.j1100.2001.html

CoordinateDimension - All points of interests are described as coordinates dimensioned from the intersection ofthe zero planes in the three-dimensional reference system

VEHICLEWEIGHT

• UNLADENWEIGHT

Theweightofthevehicleinrunningorder,unoccupiedandunladenbutcompletewithfuel,coolant,lubricant,

toolsandasparewheel

• LADENWEIGHT

TheLadenweightissumofunladenweightofvehicleandweightofpassengers

Ladenweight=unladenweight+weightofthepassengers(taking75kgperpassenger)

• GVWR(THEGROSSVEHICLEWEIGHTRATING)

Thegrossvehicleweightrating(GVWR),orgrossvehiclemass(GVM)isthemaximumoperatingweightofvehicle

asspecifiedbythemanufacturerincludingthevehicle'schassis,body,engine,enginefluids,fuel,accessories,

driver,passengersandcargobutexcludingthatofanytrailers

VEHICLECLASSIFICATIONS

Classificationsaremadebothaccordingtovehicleusedefinitionsandtointeriorseatingdimensions

• PassengerCar

Vehicleswithmotivepower,exceptmultipurposepassengervehicles,motorcycles,ortrailers,designedfor

carrying10personsorless

• StationWagon

PassengerCarswithanextendeduppertoincreasethecargoand/orpassengercapacity

• Hatchback

• PassengersCarswiththerearaccessdoorencompassingthebacklight

• Multipurpose,PassengerVehicle(MPV)

Vehicleswithmotivepower,excepttrailers,designedtocarry10personsorless,whichareconstructedeitheron

atruckchassisorwithspecialfeaturesforoccasionaloff-roadoperation

• Truck

Vehicleswithmotivepower,exceptatrailer,designedprimarilyfor thetransportationofpropertyorspecial-

purposeequipment

• LightTruck

• Classificationofself-propelledvehicleswhicharedesigned primarilytotransportpropertyorspecial- purposeequipment, and

haveamaximumgrossvehicleweightrating(GVWR)of4536kgorless

• HeavyTruck

Classificationofself-propelledvehicleswhicharedesignedprimarily totransportpropertyorspecialpurposeequipment, and

haveagrossvehicleweightratingover4536kg

HeavyTruck—Classificationofself-propelledvehicleswhicharedesignedprimarily totransportpropertyorspecialpurpose

Twodistinctvehiclegroupings arederivedaccordingtodriverseatingarrangementdimensions

- ClassAVehicles

- ClassBVehicles

EECVEHICLECLASSIFICATION

VehicleCategory VehiclePurpose Seat Mass(Tonn)

CategoryM:Motorvehicleswithat

leastfourwheelsdesignedandconstructed

forthecarriageofpassengers

M1 Designedandconstructedforthecarriageofpassengers

nomorethaneightseatsinadditiontothedriver'sseat.


comprisingmorethaneightseatsinadditiontothedriver'sseat

Maximummassnotexceeding5tonnes


comprisingmorethaneightseatsinadditiontothedriver'sseat

Maximummassexceeding5tonnes

CategoryN:

Motorvehicleswithatleastfourwheels

designedandconstructedforthecarriageofgoods

N1 Designedandconstructedforthecarriageofgoods

Maximummassnotexceeding3,5tonnes


Maximummassexceeding3,5tonnes butnotexceeding12tonnes


Maximummassexceeding12tonnes

VehicleCategory Purpose Seat Mass(Tonn)

CategoryOTrailers(includingsemi-

trailers)

O1 Trailers Maximummassnotexceeding0.75tonnes

O2 Trailers Maximummassexceeding0,75tonnes butnotexceeding3.5tonnes

O3 Trailers Maximummassexceeding3.5tonnes butnotexceeding10tonnes

O4: Trailers Maximummassexceeding10tonnes

• CategoryM:vehiclescarryingpassengers

• CategoryN:vehiclescarryinggoods

• CategoryL:vehicleswithlessthanfourwheels

• CategoryT:agriculturalandforestrytractorsandtheirtrailers

FMVSSVEHICLECLASSIFICATION

Classification DefinitionPassengercar Amotorvehiclewithmotivepower,exceptalow-speedvehicle,multipurposepassengervehicle,

motorcycle,ortrailer,designedforcarrying10personsorless

Multipurposepassengervehicle Amotorvehiclewithmotivepower,exceptalow-speedvehicleortrailer,designedtocarry10personsorlesswhichisconstructedeitheronatruckchassisorwithspecialfeaturesforoccasionaloff-roadoperation

Truck Amotorvehiclewithmotivepower,exceptatrailer,designedprimarilyforthetransportationofpropertyorspecialpurposeequipment

Bus Amotorvehiclewithmotivepower,exceptatrailer,designedforcarryingmorethan10persons

Motorcycle Amotorvehiclewithmotivepowerhavingaseatorsaddlefortheuseoftherideranddesignedtotravelonnotmorethanthreewheelsincontactwiththeground

Motordrivencycle Amotorcyclewithamotorthatproduces5brakehorsepowerorless

Trailer Amotorvehiclewithorwithoutmotivepower,designedforcarryingpersonsorpropertyandforbeingdrawnbyanothermotorvehicle

Low-speedvehicle Amotorvehicle,thatis4-wheeled,whose speedattainablein1mile(1.6km)ismorethan20milesperhour(32kilometersperhour)andnotmorethan25milesperhour(40kilometersperhour)onapavedlevelsurface,andwhoseGVWRislessthan3,000pounds(1,361kilograms)

Source:NewManufacturersHandbook - RequirementsforManufacturersofMotorVehiclesandMotorVehicleEquipment

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations

BIW(BODYINWHITE)TERMINOLOGY

Sill

CrashBox LongMember

BPillar

CPillar

APillar

FireWall

CrashBox

Tunnel

Floor

CrossMember

HPOINT&RPOINT

• H-point (Hip point) is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip, specifically the pivot point between

the torso and upper leg portions of the body, either relative to the floor of the vehicle or relative to the height

above pavement level. Technically, the measurement uses the hip joint of a 50th percentile male occupant,

viewed laterally.

• R-point (Seating Reference Point) is the theoretical hip point used by manufacturers when designing a vehicle and

more specifically describes the relative location of the seated dummy's hip point, when the seat is set in the

rearmost and lowermost seatingposition.

• ANTHROPOMETRY

Anthropometrydescribesthegeometricdimensionsandproportionsofthehumanbeing.

• ANTHROPOMORPH(->ATD/ANTROP.TESTDEVICE)

Humanadequateproperties(movability,deformability,propertiesofinertia)

• PERCENTILE

Thepercentileindicatesthepartofpopulationwhichistakenintoaccount.e.g.TheHIII50%representsthat50%

partofpopulation