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Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta CompanyRadiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
System Benefits for SAE-Standard Optical Performance Evaluation of HUDs
AUTOMATED HEAD-UP DISPLAY MEASUREMENT
2Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
TODAY’S TOPICS
• SAE Standards for Head-Up Displays
• SAE J1757-2
• Measurement Requirements
• Technology to Enable Automation:
• Electronically Controlled Lens
• Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
• Full Field-of-View Imaging
• Multi-Test Sequencing Software
• Software Tests: TT-HUD Module
3Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
2 – 43 MP Sensor / Cooled / Temp. Stabilized
CIE Matched Color Filters
Electronic ND Filter Selection (colorimeter)
Electronic Lenses
On-Camera Calibration Data
USB & Ethernet Control
On-camera Touch Control (colorimeter)
• Auto-Lens Recognition• Electronic Zoom control• Electronic Aperture
selection• Auto-selection of
Calibration Data
IMAGING COLORIMETERS/PHOTOMETERS
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SAE STANDARD HUD MEASUREMENTBACKGROUND AND REQUIREMENTS
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HUD MEASUREMENT STANDARDS
Radiant has worked with
SAE Committee to define
new HUD Standard
▪ SAE J1757-2
▪ “Optical System HUD for
Automotive”
▪ Imaging photometers
implemented into the
standard as a primary
solution for HUD testing
6Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
REQUIREMENTS FOR SAE STANDARD MEASUREMENT DEVICES
Optical meter camera
▪ Measure luminance, chromaticity, uniformity
▪ NIST-traceable
▪ Example: Photometer
Distance meter
▪ Measure geometrical distance, direction, angle, distortion
▪ Example: Smart Camera
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KEY HUD MEASUREMENT CHALLENGES
• Virtual image location and size
• Image resolution and contrast accuracy
• Number of tests and parameters per test image
• Enabling production-level automated measurement
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USING AN ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED LENSGAUGING VIRTUAL IMAGE SIZE AND LOCATION
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Is the virtual image projected at the right location and at the correct size?
HUD
LOOK DOWN ANGLE ()
PROJECTION DISTANCE
SIZE
VIRTUAL IMAGE
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VIRTUAL IMAGE
PROJECTION DISTANCE = FOCAL DISTANCE
DEPTH OF FOCUS (DOF)
• Convert focal distance to “real distance” units
• Using focal distance, and virtual image size, the distance of the projected image can be output automatically by software
MEASURING PROJECTION DISTANCE
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OPTIMIZING FOCUS
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OPTIMIZING FOCUS
Out of Focus Better Focus Best Focus
Notice: Increasing slope on cross section plot (corresponding to decreasing blue region
(between 10% and 90% of max grey value). Increasing focus bar (orange)
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Calibrated cameras
provide absolute distance
measurements
Electronically controlled
lenses determine
projected image plane
▪ Remove human
calculation, error
▪ Reduce time to set up
measurements
CALCULATING ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS
f1
f2
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Calibrated cameras
provide absolute distance
measurements
Electronically controlled
lenses determine
projected image plane
▪ Remove human
calculation, error
▪ Reduce time to set up
measurements
CALCULATING ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS
15Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
DEPTH OF FOCUS
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MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION (MTF)QUANTIFYING MODULATION FOR RESOLUTION AND CONTRAST OF PROJECTIONS
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HUD PROJECTOR (DLP) STRUCTURE
HUD
VIRTUAL IMAGE
CAMERA IN THE “EYE BOX”
DLP STRUCTURE
HUD Optics
DLP Optics
DM
D
HUD Electronics
Source Image
Projected Image
Picture Generating Unit (PGU)
HUD Box
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PRESERVING IMAGE CLARITY
DMD
Micro-mirror array
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TESTING FOR MODULATION
Modulation = value that describes resolution + contrast
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) determines the level of spatial frequency between contrasting areas
Testing is done using projections of horizontal and vertical pairs of black and white lines
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LINE-PAIR ALGORITHM
Line-pair algorithms quickly measure modulation between vertical and horizontal line pairs
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FULL FIELD-OF-VIEW IMAGINGCAPTURING AND QUANTIFYING MULTIPLE DATA POINTS
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REDUCE SETUP & MEASUREMENT TIME
Spot-based measurement requires multiple test points
Image-based measurement captures all data at once
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ACCOMPLISH MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS AT ONCE
Required measurements for SAE J1757-1:
▪ Uniformity
▪ Contrast
▪ Pixel count resolution
▪ Location / Size
▪ Ghosting
▪ Distortion / Alignment
▪ Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Measurement sequences performed on a single
image by software paired with imaging solution
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OBTAIN DATA BASED ON CONTEXT
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INTRA-CHARACTER UNIFORMITY
Spot meter takes single-spot measurements at defined points.
Imaging enables software to measure entire symbol at once.
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• Quickly determine, Lv; x,y; u’,v’; pixel count; and much more.
• Run specific user-based pass/fail criteria against each analysis requirement
INTER-CHARACTER UNIFORMITY
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PIXEL RESOLUTION OF SYMBOLS
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CONTRAST
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GHOSTING
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DISTORTION
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TESTING FOR GHOSTING & DISTORTION
Test Pattern Measurement Image
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MULTI-TEST SEQUENCING SOFTWAREAUTOMATING TEST AND MEASUREMENT
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PRODUCTION-LEVEL MEASUREMENT
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SOFTWARE TEST SEQUENCING
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FULL SET OF TESTS INCLUDED IN TT-HUD™
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EXAMPLE SEQUENCE FROM TT-HUD
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ANSI BRIGHTNESS
The ANSI Brightness test averages the measured brightness of an image at the ANSI-9 points and compares these values against various Pass/Fail criteria.
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UNIFORMITY
The Uniformity test Creates NxN grid on image, and reports out average luminance of each grid point, as well as additional statistics (min, max, difference)
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SEQUENTIAL CONTRAST
The Sequential Contrast Analysis takes measurement of Black and White patterns. Compares luminance values within defined region. Computes contrast ratio.
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EYEBOX TEST: OVERVIEW
Pass/Fail Parameters:- Min Contour Width (sensor pixels)
- If the width of the Contour (box around the edge of the target) is below this value, the test fails. The test also fails if there is a break anywhere in the contour.
The Eyebox test uses a target with a black background and a white, continuous line around the edge, and an optional cross in the middle
The analysis evaluates if this contour is unbroken. This tells the user that the entire eyebox is visible from that location of the Photometer or Colorimeter
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EYEBOX TEST: PASS
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EYEBOX TEST: FAIL (BROKEN)
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EYEBOX TEST: FAIL (MISSING SIDE)
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DISTORTION DOT GRIDThe Distortion Dot Grid analysis finds and reports out the position of each grid point.
Pass/Fail Criteria:- Total number of dots- Min Row Spacing- Max Row Spacing- Min Column Spacing- Max Column Spacing
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DISTORTION LINE GRID
The Distortion Line Grid analysis finds the points where lines of a test image intersect and reports their location.
Pass/Fail Criteria:- Total number of dots- Min Row Spacing- Max Row Spacing- Min Column Spacing- Max Column Spacing
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WARPING
The Warping Test Image has an array of evenly spaced dots. The analysis locates these white dots and reports their distance the center dot.
No Pass/Fail Criteria
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GHOSTING: OVERVIEW
The Ghosting Analysis measures the Ghosting Target (white dots on a black background)
The analysis finds the location of the original dot (parent) and the location of the corresponding ghost and reports the distance. This analysis can currently analyze images with ONE ghost.
The ghost images can be connected to the original dot, or separated.
Pass/Fail Parameters:- Max distance (displacement) between
parent dot, and ghost
- Minimum Luminance Ratio ghost/parent
- Maximum Luminance Ratio ghost/parent
- Minimum number of displacement failures to report failure
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GHOSTING: NO GHOST
Result: None Found
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GHOSTING: SEPARATED GHOST
Reports out the luminance ratio (ghost/parent) and displacement distance between parent and Ghost image for each dot.
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GHOSTING: CONNECTED GHOST
Reports out the luminance ratio (ghost/parent) and displacement distance between parent and Ghost image for each dot.
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DIAGONAL CHECKERBOARD CONTRAST
The Diagonal Checkerboard Analysis places detectors on the black and white diamonds, reports the luminance values, calculates average black and white luminance, and reports ratio between the average black and white luminance.
Pass Fail Criteria:Minimum Contrast Ratio
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MTF LINE PAIRS
The MTF Line Pairs test measures the MTF of the line pairs in the image, reporting out the contrast of each region. The regions can be user defined (as shown).
Pass/Fail Criteria:- Max Contrast Limit- Min Contrast Limit
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ENABLING FULLY-AUTOMATED TESTING
HUD
VIRTUAL IMAGE
CAMERA IN THE “EYE BOX”
SERIES OF TEST IMAGESFOR EACH HUD TESTED
54Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
SUMMARY
✓ SAE J1757-2 standard specifies measurement devices for HUD evaluation
✓ HUD measurement can be most efficiently met using systems with:
✓ Electronically controlled lenses for simplified image location
✓ Built-in software algorithms for calculating Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for visual image resolution and contrast
✓ Imaging capability and multi-test sequencing software for meeting the maximum measurement criteria at once
✓ Using these systems can enable fully-automated HUD measurement for application in production
55Radiant Vision Systems | A Konica Minolta Company
© Radiant Vision Systems, LLC.
Working closely with world class brands and manufacturers to deliver creative visual inspection solutions that improve
quality, reduce costs, and increase customer satisfaction.
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