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Audits
Peter J. Monahan
Engineers Ireland Seminar:
Urban Street Design for Engineers
November 2013
Quality Audit
Auditor
Designer
Vision
A Quality Audit is . . .
• Independent of, but involving, the Design Team
• Intended to ensure the Delivery & Maintenance of a ‘High Quality Place’
• Downloadable Guidance on Quality Audits
• UK Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/11
– Movement & Speed
– Streetscape & Furniture
– Active Edges
– Functionality
– Catering for Users
– Materials
– Maintenance
– Safety
Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/11
• Needs of all Users have been considered
• Systematic and Transparent
• Cost Efficiency
• Stakeholder Engagement
Quality Audits
DMURS • Design
– Visual Quality – Audit of How Street may be Used – Place Check Audit
• User – Community Street Audit
– Road Safety Audit – Access Audit
– Walking Audit – Non-Motorised User Audit – Cycle Audit
UK TAL 5/11 • Design Review
– Visual Quality Audit – Functionality Audit – Placecheck – Materials Audit
• User Review – Community Street Audit – Street Character Review – Road Safety Audit – Access Audit – Parking Audit – Walking Audit – Non-Motorised User Audit
– Equality Impact Assessment
Quality Audits
DMURS • Design
– Visual Quality – Audit of How Street may be Used – Place Check Audit
• User – Community Street Audit
– Road Safety Audit – Access Audit
– Walking Audit – Non-Motorised User Audit – Cycle Audit
UK TAL 5/11 • Design Review
– Visual Quality Audit – Functionality Audit – Placecheck – Materials Audit
• User Review – Community Street Audit – Street Character Review – Road Safety Audit – Access Audit – Parking Audit – Walking Audit – Non-Motorised User Audit
– Equality Impact Assessment
Design Review
• Audited with Reference to the
– Scheme Vision/Brief/Scope
– Principles in the Design Manual for Urban Roads and Streets
– Development Plan & Local Area Plan
• Correct Identification of Place Function
• Legibility of Network
• Street Layout & Speed (self regulation)
Design Review
• Streetscape – Street Edges
– Landscaping
– Enclosure
– Furniture
– Materials
• Network Connectivity & Permeability – Vehicles
– Pedestrians
– Cyclists
Design Review
• Interface with Existing Network
• Treatments at Transitions
– With Existing Network
– Between ‘Places’
• Accessibility
– Public Transport
– Emergency Services
Provisions for Users
• Community Street Audit
• Road Safety Audit
• Access Audit (including Emergency Access)
– Mobility Impaired
– Sight Impaired
• Non-Motorised User Audit
– Walking Audit
– Cycle Audit
25 per million 330 (or less) 61 per million 124 (or less)
Safe Systems
• Road Users are fallible
– Collisions will occur
• Humans are Frail
– Forgiving Road System
• Designers accept and share responsibility for the safety of the system
• Road Users accept responsibility for complying with the rules and constraints of the system
– Legible Roads
Conflicting Needs
• The Designer has to balance
– Movement vs Place
– Competing/conflicting needs of different users
– Aesthetic vs User Provision
• Ideally the Project Vision has clearly addressed
“If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.”
Abraham Maslow
Vulnerable Road Users
• Should we just design for the majority?
• How well does the designer understand the needs of – Cyclists
– Mobility Impaired
– Children
– Elderly
– Sight Impaired
• DMURS refers to ‘Pedestrians’, Cyclists, Public Transport & Vehicles
Provisions for Cyclists
Pedestrian Provision
• Footways following kerb instead of desire-lines
• Crossings where convenient for designer, but not on desire-line
• Visibility between users (inter-visibility)
• Width
• Legibility
Inclusiveness
• Wheelchair Users – Flush Kerbs at Crossings
– Gradients
– Widths
• Elderly – Kerb Heights
– Seating
– Distances to be Travelled
– Sense of Security
Sight Impaired Users Residual Sight Users
• Level Surfaces
• Strong tonal contrast – kerb lines
– street furniture and surface
• Coloured paving at crossings
• Wide footways
• Tactile rotating cones
Guide Dog Users
• Well-defined kerbs
• Tactile rotating cones
• Tactile paving at crossing & stem reaching to the building line
• Sound of traffic
• Tactile paving along length of level surface
• Wide footways
Long Cane Users
• Guidance paving – Pedestrianised
Areas
– Bus Stops
• Guardrails
• Tactile paving – Stems
– along level surfaces
• Tactile rotating cones
• Footways without excessive width
Tactile Surfaces
• Well-defined dropped kerb with tactile paving – Lack of colour contrast
• Stainless steel bollards
• Granite sets – Colour
– Texture
• Decorative tone changes
Solving Problems
• The design of a street, or any other part of the urban realm, must deal with the scheme/project constraints
• Quality Audits are a comprehensive check, and record of, how all Users and Issues have been addressed within a design
Thank You
Peter J. Monahan
Engineers Ireland Seminar:
Urban Street Design for Engineers
November 2013