audit chapter 2 slides
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Audit Chapter 2 SlidesTRANSCRIPT
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Describe the nature of CPA firms, what they do, and their structure.
Understand the role of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the CPA profession.
Summarize the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission in accounting and auditing.
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Describe the functions performed by the AICPA.
Understand the role of international auditing standards and their relation to U.S. auditing standards.
Use U.S. auditing standards as a basis for further study.
Identify quality control standards and practices within the accounting profession.
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Describe the nature of CPA firms, what they do, and their structure.
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The legal right to perform audits is grantedto CPA firms by regulation in each state.
CPA firms also provide many other services totheir clients, such as tax and advisory services.
CPA firms continue to develop new products and services—such as financial planning, business valuation, forensic accounting, and information technology advisory services.
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Big Four international firms
National firms
Regional and large local firms
Small local firms
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The four largest CPA firms in the United Statesare called the “Big Four” international CPA firms.
These four firms have offices throughout the United States and in many cities throughoutthe world.
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Accounting and bookkeeping services
Tax services
Management consulting services
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Three main factors influence the organizationalstructure of all firms:
1. The need for independence from clients.2. The importance of a structure to encourage
competence.3. The increased litigation risk faced by auditors.
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Proprietorship
General Partnership
General Corporation
Professional Corporation
Limited Liability Company
Limited Liability Partnership
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Understand the role of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the CPA profession.
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This Act is considered by many observers tobe the most important legislation affectingthe auditing profession since the 1930s.
The provisions of the Act apply to publiclyheld companies and their audit firms.
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SEC
PCAOB(Public Company
AccountingOversight Board)
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Summarize the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission in accounting and auditing.
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The purpose is to assist in providing investorswith reliable information upon which to make investment decisions
The Securities Act of 1933The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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Form S-1
Form 8-K
Form 10-K
Form 10-Q
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Describe the key functions performed by the AICPA.
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Performs the following services for CPAs: Sets professional requirements Conducts research Publishes materials related to services
performed
Empowered to set standards (guidelines)and rules
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1. Auditing standards
2. Compilation and review standards
3. Other attestation standards
4. Code of Professional Conduct
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The CPA examination
Research and Grants
Publishes a variety of materials
Provides seminars and continuing education
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Understand the role of international auditing standards
and their relation to U.S. auditing standards
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Classification of Statements on Auditing Standards
GAAS and Standards of Performance
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IFAC is the worldwide organizationfor the accountancy profession.
The IAASB works to improve theuniformity of auditing practices andrelated services throughout the world.
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Use U.S. auditing standards as a basis for further study
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General Standards
1. Adequate training and proficiency
2. Independence in mental attitude
3. Due professional care
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Standards of Field Work
1. Proper planning and supervision
2. Understanding of the entity
3. Sufficient appropriate evidence
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Standards of Reporting
1. Statements prepared in accordance with GAAP
2. Circumstances when GAAP not followed
3. Adequacy of disclosures
4. Expression of opinion on financial statements
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PCAOB
Public company
audits
GAAS
Private company
audits
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The 10 generally accepted auditing standardsare too general to provide meaningful guidance.
SAS interpret the 10 generally acceptedauditing standards and are the mostauthoritative references available to auditors.
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Identify quality control standards and practices within the accounting profession.
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Leadership responsibilities for quality Relevant ethical requirements Acceptance and continuation of clients
and engagements Human resources Engagement performance Monitoring
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Auditing standards
Continuingeducation
requirements
Legalliability
Conduct of
CPA firm
personnelAICPA practice
and qualitycenters
Code ofProfessional
Conduct
PCAOBand SEC
Peerreview
Qualitycontrol
CPAexamination
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