attitudes & values

8/3/2019 Attitudes & Values

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Attitudes & Values

Presented By:

Prof. N.K. Sahni


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An attitude can be defined as a persistenttendency to feel behave in a particular waytoward some object.

An attitude may also defined as the way aperson feels about something a person, aplace, a commodity, a situation or an idea.


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According to G.W. Allport, Attitude is a

mental & neutral state of readiness,organized through experience.


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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Nature of attitudes.

Attitudes refers to feelings & beliefs of individuals

The feelings & beliefs are directed towards otherpeople objects or ideas.Attitudes often result in & affect the behavior or

action of the people.Attitudes constitute a psychological phenomenon.Attitudes are gradually acquired over a period oftime.


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Contd.

Attitudes are evaluative statements either favorableor unfavorable.All people, irrespective of their status & intelligence

hold attitude.


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Components of

attitudes1) Informational or cognitive component :

it consists of beliefs, values, ideas & other

information a person has about the object.2) Emotional or Affective component: it

involves the persons feeling or affect-positive, negative about an object. Eg: I like

this job because the future prospects inthis company are very good3) Behavioral component: it consists of the

tendency of a person to behave in a

particular manner towards an object


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Relation of attitudewith other aspects

Attitude & opinion: opinions are expressions ofattitudes. Attitudes tend to be generalized to react insome way towards objects or concepts.Attitude & belief: belief reveals what one supposes

to be trueAttitude & values: the values of an individualgenerally reveal the moral side of his nature. Valuesare one of the determinants of ones attitude. Eg:

Honesty is the best policy.


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Sources of attitudes

Direct personal experienceAssociation

Family & peer groupsNeighborhoodEconomic status & occupationsMass communications


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So where to start

attitude at work place


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Types of attitudes at work

placeJob satisfaction

Job involvementOrganizational commitment


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Functions of attitudes

1. The adjustment function : attitudes often helppeople adjust to their environment.

2. The ego defensive function: people often form& maintain certain attitudes to protect their ownself images.

3. The value expressive function: attitudesprovide people with a basis for expressing their

values. Our value expressive attitude are closelyrelated to our self concept.

4. The knowledge function: attitudes are oftensubstituted for knowledge. Attitudes help supplystandards & frames of reference that allow people

to organize & explain the world around them.


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Values

According to Milton Rokeach, anoted psychologist Valuesare global beliefs that guide

actions & judgements across avariety of situations .

Values are generally, tingedwith moral flavor & they

contain judgemental element,involving an individuals idea

as to what is right, good,desirable.


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Characteristics of

valuesValues provide standards of competence &morality.Values are fewer in number than attitudesValues transcend specific objects, situationsor persons

Values are relatively permanent & resistantto changeValues are most central to the core of aperson


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Types of values

Terminal values: this type of value is an ultimate goalin a desired status or outcome. These lead to the endsto be achieved. Eg:i. Comfortable lifeii. Sense of accomplishmentiii. Family securityiv. Mature lovev. Self respect

vi. Freedomvii. Social recognitionviii. Happinessix. Inner harmony


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Contd

Instrumental values: these values relate to meansfor achieving desired ends. It is a tool for acquiring aterminal value. Eg:

i. Ambitiousii. Broad mindediii. Capableiv. Cheerfulv. Forgivingvi. Honestvii. Imaginativeviii. Intellectualix. Logical

x. Independentxi. lovin


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G.W.Allport, P.E. Vernon & G.Lindzey categorized values into

six major types:TheoreticalEconomic

AestheticSocialPoliticalReligious


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Sources of Values

Family factorSocial factorsPersonal factorsCultural factorsReligious factorsLife experiencesRole demands

Halo effect


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Thank you

attitudes & values

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