presentation- work values and attitudes
TRANSCRIPT
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WORK, VALUES,
and ATTITUDES
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ROKEACH IDENTIFIES TWO TYPES OF VALUES
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Instrumental and Terminal Values
Instrumental Values alternative behaviors or means by which we achieve desired ends
* consist, primarily, of personal characteristic and character traits
Terminal Values desired end-states or life goals
* are those things that we can work toward or we think are most important and that we feel are most desirable 6-3
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The following two tables illustrate examples of instrumental and terminal values.
Terminal Values
A world at Peace (free of war and conflict)
Family Security (taking care of loved ones)
Freedom (independence, free choice)
Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all)
Self-respect (self esteem) Happiness
(contentedness) Wisdom (a mature
understanding of life
Instrumental ValuesAmbitious (Hard-working, aspiring)
Broadminded (Open-minded)
Capable (Competent, effective)
Cheerful (Lighthearted, joyful)
Clean (Neat, tidy)
Courageous (Standing up for your beliefs)
Forgiving (Willing to pardon others)
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Instrumental Values Terminal Values
Helpful (Working for the welfare of others)
Honest (Sincere, truthful)
Imaginative (Daring, creative)
Independent (Self-reliant, self sufficient)
Intellectual (Intelligent, reflective)
Logical (Consistent, rational)
National security (protection from attack)
Salvation (saved, eternal life)
True friendship (close companionship)
A sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution)
Inner Harmony (freedom from inner conflict)
A comfortable life (a prosperous life)
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Instrumental Values
Loving (Affectionate, tender)
Obedient (Dutiful,
respectful) Polite (Courteous, well-
mannered) Responsible (Dependable,
reliable) Self - controlled
(Restrained, self discipline)
Mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy)
A world of beauty (beauty of
nature and the arts)
Pleasure (an enjoyable
leisurely life)
Social recognition (respect,
admiration)
An exciting life (a stimulating
active life)
Terminal Values
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Value Conflicts Intrapersonal Value
Conflict
Interpersonal Value Conflict
Individual-Organizational Value Conflict
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6-8
A Values Model of Work/Family Conflict
Family Values
Value Similarit
y
Work Values
Value Congruence
Work/Family Conflict
Value Attainment
Job and Life
Satisfaction
General Life Values
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Attitudes Attitude is defined
as “a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object”
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Attitudes
Three components of an attitudeAffective: feelings or emotions about an object
Behavioral: how one intends to act toward someone or something
Cognitive: beliefs or ideas one has about an object 6-10
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Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
Psychological discomfort experienced when attitudes and behavior are inconsistent
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6-12
Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
Attitude toward thebehavior
Subjectivenorm
Perceived behavioral
control
Intention Behavior
Figure 6-2
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Timeline of Work Values and Attitudes
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Work Attitudes Job
Involvement extent to which an individual is immersed in his or her personal job
Job Satisfaction is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one’s job
6-14
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Causes of Job Satisfaction
Need Fulfillment Discrepancies Value
Attainment Equity Disposition/
Genetic Components
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Correlates of Job Satisfaction
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Work Attitudes
Organizational Commitment
- Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization
- Affective, normative, and
continuance commitment
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6-18
Model of Organizational Commitment