attention deficit disorder symptoms children do not pay attention to details and have problems...
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Attention Deficit Disorder
Attention Deficit DisorderSymptoms Children do not pay attention to details and have
problems following instructionsOften fidget with hands and squirm in seatsOften interrupt and have trouble waiting their turnOften blurt out answers before a person finishes
asking a question.Biological: Brain areas differ from that of a normal
child (smaller right anterior frontal)May be due to fast paced culture because the brain
accommodates itself much more prevalent in the U.S
Treatment Stimulants increases the ability to focus but
only for a short period of time.Stimulants work best when combined with
behavior therapy
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar DisorderSymptomsBrain disorder that causes a shift in a person’s
mood, energy, and ability to functionThere are 2 parts of the disorder: Mania &
DepressionMania- racing thoughts & speech, grandiose self-
esteem, highly distractible, poor judgment & impulsive
Depression- pervasive sadness, feel anxious, guilty, and worthless, usually feel helpless and unable to improve life
Treatment Lithium is a medicine that reduces symptoms
of bipolar disorderAnti-convulsive medications are used when
lithium doesn’t work (neuron tin)No permanent
Borderline PersonalityDisorder
Borderline Personality DisorderSymptoms Strong mood shifts that last only a few hours (emotional
liability) Anger that is inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable Self destructive behaviors ( self-mutilation) Instability in identity including self-image, sexual
orientation, career choice, and long term goals Chronic feelings of emptiness Relationships tend to be intense, chaotic, and unstable Person makes frantic efforts to avoid abandonment Short term dissociative thoughts and actions
TreatmentMaintain open communicationMaintain an emotional distancePrepare for “emotional splitting”Drug therapy (mixed results)
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia NervosaSymptomsRecurrent episodes of binge eating during which the
person eats excessive amounts and feels a lack of control over their behavior
Recurrent inappropriate behavior including: self-induced vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise and abuse of laxatives and diuretics
Individual is preoccupied with body shape and weightMost common in teens and womenCan cause more serious health problems such as
osteoporosis, heart problems, kidney damage, or death
Treatment Professionals develop a care plan to fit the
needs of the individualMedication and psychotherapy
Dysthymic Disorder
Dysthymic DisorderSymptoms A depressed mood that is present most of the time and that
persists for at least 2 years The presence of 2 or more of the following:
-poor appetite/over eating-insomnia or hypersomnia-low energy or fatigue-poor concentration or difficulty making decisions-feelings of hopelessness
During 2-year period the person has never been without the symptoms for more than 2 months
No major depressive episode or manic episode has been present during the first 2 years of disturbance
TreatmentPsychotherapy and medications sometimes
reduce symptomsProzac and trofanil
Major Depression
Major DepressionSymptoms A person must express 5 of nine symptoms(need to occur
for at least 2 weeks)-depressed mood-reduced level of interest in activities-a considerable change in body weight-change in appetite-sleep difficulties-agitated or slow behavior-thoughts of worthlessness or guilt-cognitive abilities diminished-frequent thoughts of death or sucide
TreatmentAntidepressantsPsychotherapy
Obsessive CompulsiveDisorder
Obsessive Compulsive DisorderSymptomsThe presence of obsessive thoughts, images, impulsesThe person is unable to ignore the thought and it
causes the person anxietyThe person feels compelled to perform the actionPerforming the action is intended to reduce stress or
prevent some dreaded eventThe individual recognizes that the actions are excessive
or unreasonableThe obsessions occupy significant amounts of time and
interfere with the person’s lifeExperts believe that it is due to lack of serotonin
TreatmentEducating the individual on the disorder can
help a person manage their tendenciesMedications that inhibit serotonin reuptakeResponse prevention
Panic disorder W/ AgoraphobiaSymptomsRecurrent Panic attacksIndividual is anxious about going places
where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where they will be unable to receive assistance in case of an emergency
TreatmentMedicationsPsychotherapy
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Paranoid SchizophreniaSymptoms (must persist for at least 1 month and some
must remain present for at lest 6 months)An Expression of 2 or more of the following:
-Hallucinations-Disorganized speech-Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior-Negative symptoms( flat affect, lack of speech or action)
These symptoms must significantly interfere with a persons work, relationships and self-care
Symptoms must be unjustifiable by another medical or psychological effect
The Many Faces (delusions)Erotomanic: Believes another person
(famous) is in love with him/herGrandiose: over-inflated sense of self worth,
power, knowledge or identityJealous: believes his/her spouse or partner is
unfaithfulPersecutory: believes they are being
mistreatedSomatic: believes he/she has a physical defectMixed: two or more of the above
TreatmentNarcoleptic drugs (mitigate symptoms) Includes Thorazine, Haldol, Prolixin
Post Traumatic Stressdisorder
Post Traumatic Stress DisorderSymptomsA person has been exposed to one or more traumatic
events in which he/she is confronted with events that involved the threat of death or serious injury to themselves or others and the person’s response involved fear, helplessness, or terror
The traumatic event is consistently re-experienced by distressing recollections or dreams.
Person feels distress in stimuli that remind them of the event
Avoidance of that stimuliIncreased levels of arousal including: insomnia,
irritability ,and hyper vigilance
TreatmentTrauma therapySystematic desensitizationStress ManagementCognitive techniques
Substance Abuse
Substance AbuseSymptoms The person experiences a maladaptive pattern of
substance use which leads to 3 or more of the following:-person experiences drug tolerance(increased amounts of drug to achieve intoxication”-person experiences drug withdrawal-person takes substance in doses that are larger than the intended amount and over a longer time than intended-person has made unsuccessful efforts to quit-Person gives up social and professional opportunities because of the substance-The person continues the use of the drug in spite of negative consequences
TreatmentPsychological interventionsDetoxification
Tourette’s Syndrome
Tourettes SyndromeSymptoms The presence of multiple motor ties and one
more vocal ties or more vocal ties These ties most appear many times a day The onset of the disorder must occur before
the age of 18 years old The disturbance causes marked distress or
significant impairment in social functioning
Treatment No cureMedications can reduce symptoms