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Welcome!Welcome!ATM OCN 100:ATM OCN 100:

WEATHER & CLIMATEWEATHER & CLIMATE Lecture # 01: Lecture # 01: Summer 2004Summer 2004

LECTURE IA: INTRODUCTIONLECTURE IA: INTRODUCTION– 3 credit science class3 credit science class

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A. COURSE INTRODUCTIONA. COURSE INTRODUCTION

YOUR INSTRUCTORYOUR INSTRUCTOR

– Ed HopkinsEd HopkinsOffice: Rm. 1407 Meteor & Space Science Office: Rm. 1407 Meteor & Space Science (1225 W. Dayton St.) (1225 W. Dayton St.)

– (608/262-1605)(608/262-1605)

– hopkins@meteor.wisc.eduhopkins@meteor.wisc.edu HIS INTERESTSHIS INTERESTS

– Weather EducationWeather Education– Wisconsin State ClimatologyWisconsin State Climatology

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WHERE WE AREWHERE WE ARE

COURSE WEB PAGECOURSE WEB PAGE http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/

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A Request from the A Request from the Department ChairDepartment Chair

No Food or Drinks Please!!!No Food or Drinks Please!!! Watch out for the carpet.Watch out for the carpet. Thanks!Thanks! ------ Also:Also: Women’s rest room on this floorWomen’s rest room on this floor Men’s rest room on 9Men’s rest room on 9thth floor floor Vending machines on 5Vending machines on 5thth floor floor

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A. COURSE INTRODUCTION A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.)(con’t.) PrerequisitesPrerequisites LecturesLectures

– 4 Lectures/week (75 min. each)4 Lectures/week (75 min. each)– ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE HIGHLYHIGHLY RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED

HomeworkHomework (5 (5 oror 7 exercises) 7 exercises) ExamsExams

– 11stst oror 3 3rdrd wk. wk. Thurs. 1 July 2004Thurs. 1 July 2004– 22ndnd oror 66thth wk. wk. Thurs. 22 July 2004Thurs. 22 July 2004– 33rdrd oror 8 8thth wk. wk. Thurs. 5 Aug 2004Thurs. 5 Aug 2004

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A. COURSE INTRODUCTION A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.)(con’t.)

Textbook – Textbook – Moran Moran (2(2ndnd ed., 2002) ed., 2002)

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A. COURSE INTRODUCTION A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.)(con’t.) COURSE OBJECTIVESCOURSE OBJECTIVES

InterpretInterpret TV TV oror newspaper newspaper weather mapsweather maps.. Explain Explain selected fundamental selected fundamental terminologyterminology.. IdentifyIdentify conceptual models. conceptual models. MakeMake simple, short term weather simple, short term weather forecastsforecasts.. Explain reasons Explain reasons for atmospheric motions.for atmospheric motions. DistinguishDistinguish various severe weather phenomena various severe weather phenomena

& appropriate NWS advisories, watches & & appropriate NWS advisories, watches & warnings.warnings.

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COURSE OBJECTIVESCOURSE OBJECTIVES (con’t)(con’t)

IdentifyIdentify various weather instruments. various weather instruments. Locate Locate usefuluseful sources of weather & sources of weather &

climate information.climate information. Appreciate Appreciate challengeschallenges facing atmospheric facing atmospheric

scientists.scientists. Explain Explain why Planet Earth is unique.why Planet Earth is unique. TraceTrace energy flow through planet system. energy flow through planet system. Distinguish Distinguish characteristic sizes of characteristic sizes of

atmospheric systemsatmospheric systems..

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Public Sources of Weather Public Sources of Weather InformationInformation

TelevisionTelevision– Local Commerical ChannelsLocal Commerical Channels– The The Weather Channel Weather Channel – Other Cable ChannelsOther Cable Channels

RadioRadio– Local AM/FMLocal AM/FM– NOAA Weather RadioNOAA Weather Radio

NewspapersNewspapers– Local & Local & USA TodayUSA Today

The InternetThe Internet

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B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY?B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY?

Derivation of Key WordsDerivation of Key Words

– Meteorology Meteorology ““Meteor” Meteor” + + “ology”“ology”

–WeatherWeather ( (“weder”“weder”))–ClimateClimate ( (“klima”“klima”) )

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B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY?B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY?

Derivation of Key WordsDerivation of Key Words

– Meteorology Meteorology ““Meteor” Meteor” + + “ology”“ology”

–WeatherWeather ( (“weder”“weder”))–ClimateClimate ( (“klima”“klima”) )

Present Scope of Meteorology & Present Scope of Meteorology &

Atmospheric SciencesAtmospheric Sciences

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COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER & CLIMATE& CLIMATE

WeatherWeather– Current Weather Observational DataCurrent Weather Observational Data

– Weather MapsWeather Maps

– Weather ForecastsWeather Forecasts

MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHERMADISON’S CURRENT WEATHERMadison Weather at 1000 AM CDT MON JUN 14 2004 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25

Sky/WeatherSky/Weather LGT RAIN LGT RAIN TemperatureTemperature 69 69Dew PointDew Point 65 65Relative Humidity 86%Relative Humidity 86%Wind S9Wind S9

Pressure 1010.5 mbPressure 1010.5 mb

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TODAY’S NATIONAL WEATHERTODAY’S NATIONAL WEATHER

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TOMORROW’S NATIONAL WEATHERTOMORROW’S NATIONAL WEATHER

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COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER & CLIMATE& CLIMATE

WeatherWeather

– Current Weather Observational DataCurrent Weather Observational Data– Weather MapsWeather Maps– Weather ForecastsWeather Forecasts

Climate Climate

– Long-term statisticsLong-term statistics– Climate maps & chartsClimate maps & charts– Long Range Forecasts/OutlooksLong Range Forecasts/Outlooks

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SummerSummerSolstice on 21 JuneSolstice on 21 June

Highest average temperaturesHighest average temperaturesIn mid JulyIn mid July

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Anomaly = actual current T - long term average TAnomaly = actual current T - long term average T

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Drought ProblemsDrought Problems

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A Sample Climate Outlook (Forecast)A Sample Climate Outlook (Forecast)

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““The Day After Tomorrow”The Day After Tomorrow”

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Chamberlin Rock – Chamberlin Rock – A reminder of a past climate ...A reminder of a past climate ...

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The Region at 14,000 yr BPThe Region at 14,000 yr BP(from Illinois State Museum)(from Illinois State Museum)

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C. THE HUMAN FACTOR C. THE HUMAN FACTOR (from NWS Office of Climate, Water & Weather Services)(from NWS Office of Climate, Water & Weather Services)

531 Total531 Total

$10.0813 Billion$10.0813 Billion

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Expensive Expensive Weather & Weather &

Climate Climate Events Events

(Source: NCDC)(Source: NCDC)

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104 years ago in Galveston, TX104 years ago in Galveston, TXFrom National Climate Data CenterFrom National Climate Data Center8-9 Sept 1900 - > 6000 people killed8-9 Sept 1900 - > 6000 people killed

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D. GOALS OF METEOROLOGYD. GOALS OF METEOROLOGY

ObservationObservation CodificationCodification ExplanationExplanation PredictionPrediction AdaptationAdaptation ModificationModification

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E. CHARACTERISTICS of E. CHARACTERISTICS of METEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY

International Scope International Scope – ““Weather knows no boundaries”Weather knows no boundaries”– World Meteorological OrganizationWorld Meteorological Organization

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Current Satellite CompositeCurrent Satellite Composite FromFrom Space Science & Engineering CenterSpace Science & Engineering Center

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E. CHARACTERISTICS of E. CHARACTERISTICS of METEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY

International ScopeInternational Scope A Physical ScienceA Physical Science InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

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F. MODELS in METEOROLOGYF. MODELS in METEOROLOGY

What is a model?What is a model?– A representation of realityA representation of reality

Types of ModelsTypes of Models– PhysicalPhysical– GraphicalGraphical– NumericalNumerical– ConceptualConceptual

Role of Models in MeteorologyRole of Models in Meteorology

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G. BRIEF HISTORY OF G. BRIEF HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY & CLIMATOLOGYMETEOROLOGY & CLIMATOLOGY

See Appendix I I pg. 361-366 Moran (2002)See Appendix I I pg. 361-366 Moran (2002) Ancient - Weather LoreAncient - Weather Lore Classic Greek MeteorologyClassic Greek Meteorology

– Aristotle (350 B.C.)Aristotle (350 B.C.) Renaissance MeteorologyRenaissance Meteorology Meteorology in the Meteorology in the

Scientific & Industrial Revolutions Scientific & Industrial Revolutions Organized weather observationsOrganized weather observations Our concept of stormsOur concept of storms New tools & modelsNew tools & models