ATHENS AND SPARTA

"The walls of Sparta were its young men, and its borders the points of

their spears.”-King Agesilaos

•Fear•Aim in life: to be fighting fit•Discouraged personal expression•Valued duty, strength, discipline•Trained to dislike luxury•Weak babies killed at birth•Service above all else

Sparta - Lifestyle and Values

Sparta - Education•Boys begin at age 7

• Reading, writing• Mostly athletics and military training

•Strict adherence to suffering•Girls begin at age 7

• Reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, survival

•Educated•Allowed to participate in sports•Goal: to produce strong babies•Treated more as equals

Women’s Roles - Sparta

Sparta - Government•Oligarchy•Two kings•Five “ephors”

• Overseers•Council “apella”

• Judges• Proposed laws

•AssemblyA Spartan King

Sparta's Oligarchy

Ephors(5)

Oversee day to day operationsElected annually - rotate monthly

Apella - Council(28)

Acted as judgesProposed laws

Assembly(___)

All male citizens over 30Must be a Spartan

Kings(2)

Role assumed due to powerCommand army

Sparta - Government

Sparta - Social Structure

•Spartiates • Military professionals

•Perioeci• Outsiders• Could not vote

•Helots• Peasant workers

Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts and eloquence

-John Milton

•Meaningful life•Intellectual pursuits

• Wisdom• Curiosity

•Mind/Body perfection•Civic responsibility•Cultural superiority•Trade

Athens - Values and Lifestyle

•Males: • Wealthy males

• Begin at 5• End - dependent on

wealth• Broader education• Older boys

• Logic, philosophy, ethics, public speaking

• Military school• Athletics each day

•Females:• No formal schooling• Domestic education by

female household members

Athens - Education

Athens - Women’s Roles•In the home•Learned the art of domestic duty•Some roles in religious life•Couldn’t play sports

Athens - Social Structure•Freemen •All male citizens

•Divided into classes–Aristocrats –Middle ranks–Thetes - lowest class

•Metics •Outsiders•Not allowed to own land•Could run industries and businesses.

•Slaves •Lowest class with no rights •Some were given important roles in Athens, like policemen

•Women •No rights

Democratic Principles

Direct Democracy: Citizens vote directly rather than

having a representative Public Debate

Able to openly discuss different topics

Duties of citizen Know the law and follow it Civic responsibilities

Important People of Athens

Draco Also called the “lawgiver” The first legislator of Athens Replaced oral law and blood feud with a

written code to be enforced only by the court Solon

Laid the foundation for Democracy in Athens Athenian lawmaker, statesman, and poet

ACTIVITY:EACH OF YOU IS A GREEK CITIZEN OF EITHER SPARTA OR ATHENS. YOU MUST DEVELOP A

LIST OF 10 REASONS WHY YOUR CITY-STATE IS A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE.