Orientation-Astronomy Year 3This orientation is targeted for those in Year 2 of

Astronomy.

Done by:- Prof. Turing and team

Introduction This course is taught by Prof. Brad Turing

In Year 3, we will delve deeper into the studies of the Cosmos

We will learn about some magical concepts in Astronomy

We will also begin learning Muggle Astronomy

The Midterms are held in Week 5 and the Finals are held in

Week 9

Those interested in pursuing a career in Astronomy can join the

Cosmology Career Path in Year 4.

For further information, contact Brad Turing (Prof.) or Misty

Turing (Head Girl)

Syllabus for Year 3The following topics will be covered in this year:-

Shapley-Curtis Debate

Types of Galaxies

M-Energy Theory

Galactic Distance and Ancient Light

Formation of the Moon(and Midterm)

Tully-Fisher Method

Active Galaxies

Radio Astronomy

Cosmic Background Radiation(and Final)

L.1. Shapley-Curtis Debate

Shapley-Curtis Era

Shapley Curtis Debate

Cepheids

L.1 Shapley-Curtis DebateThe 5 main points in the Shapley-Curtis Debate were the Size

of the Milky Way(Shapley), Distribution of Nebulae in the

Sky(Curtis), Observations of Novae(Shapley), Brightness and

Spectra of the Nebulae(Curtis) and Rotation of

Nebulae(Curtis).

Cepheids are stars that regularly change their brightness over

periods between one day and hundreds of days. They are classified

as super giants.

Occulting is to conceal an apparently smaller celestial body from

view by passing or being in front of it.

L.2. Types of GalaxiesSpiral

Barred Spiral

Elliptical

Irregular

Lenticular

L.2. Types of GalaxiesIn this lesson, we will be learning about the different types of

Galaxies. They are:-

Spiral

Barred Spiral

Elliptical

Irregular

Lenticular

We will also be learning about the Hubble Sequence.

L.3 M-Energy Theory

M-Energy

How is it formed?

L.3 M-Energy TheoryM-Energy is recognized by Muggle Astronomers as Hawking

Radiation.

The energy in which each Witch and Wizard manipulates is

called M-Energy.

Created from a Black Hole.

The process-1. The Breakdown

2. Emerging from the beast

There may be variances in the amount of M-Energy produced

depending upon the magical ability of that person.

L.4 Galactic Distance and Ancient Light

Ancient Light and Lightworkers’ Robes

Dark Magic and Heavy Amulets

Standard Candles

L.4 Galactic Distance and

Ancient LightAncient Light is a key component needed to craft magically

regenerative clothing

Lightworkers’ robes are the best example for regenerative clothing-they heal a good, conscious person who wears it.

But, if an evil person wears it, it will burn them.

Galaxy clusters are a source of Dark Matter.

Dark Matter is commonly found in everyday life as jewelry.

The first attempt and making accurate estimates of the age of ancient light came from the use of standard candles.

Using standard candles, we can determine the distance of astronomical objects from Earth by comparing it to the brightness of objects that are a known distance from the Earth.

L.5.Formation of the Moon

This lesson also has the Mid-Term Examinations for

Year 3 Astronomy

L.5. Formation of the MoonThere are three main theories about the formation of the Moon.

They are:-

The ‘sister’ or co-formation theory

The ‘capture’ theory

The ‘daughter’ or fission theory

The Mid-Term Examinations will be held in this week.

It will have questions from all the five lessons done so far.

L.6. Tully-Fisher Method

Limitations of a Standard Candle

L.6. Tully-Fisher MethodIn the 1970’s, two Muggles by the names of R. Brent Tully

and J. Richard Fisher developed a new method to extend the

range of distances that we can measure from Earth.

This method is now known as the Tully-Fisher method.

The Tully-Fisher method can be used to measure the distance of

spiral galaxies from Earth.

L.7. Active Galaxies

Seyfert Galaxies

Radio Galaxies

Quasars

L.7. Active GalaxiesIn 1943, Carl Seyfert, an American optical astronomer studying

spiral galaxies from Mount Wilson Observatory, discovered

Seyfert galaxies.

They are a class of astronomical objects whose properties lie

between those of normal galaxies and those of the most energetic

active galaxies known.

Radio galaxies are active galaxies that emit large amounts of

energy in the radio portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

L.8. Radio Astronomy

L.8. Radio AstronomyRadio Astronomers study radio waves from space using sensitive

antennas and receivers which give them precise information about

what an astronomical object is and where it is in our night sky.

They can convert these transmissions to sound using simple

analog techniques.

Muggle influences are quite a lot in this particular branch

L.9. Cosmic BackgroundRadiation

L.9. Cosmic Background Radiation

Even though we cannot see some major astronomical events in

person, we are able to infer what has happened based on the clues

that these events leave behind.

The best example is the Big Bang Theory.

There is also another aspect of the cosmic background radiation.

This portion of the cosmic background radiation is called the

cosmic magical background radiation.