astronomy relevant to astrology by v p jain

8/3/2019 Astronomy Relevant to Astrology by v P Jain

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a rg.

A bookonASTRONOMY

(RELEVANT TO ASTROLOGY


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CONTENTSIntroduction.... . . . . . . .


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ZodiacCelestialLongitude, Declination ..... . . . . . . . . .The Right Ascension ....Decil ination Circle, Hour Angle .Alt i tude, Azimuth ..... . .Zenith, Nadir, CelestialMeridianVerticals,Prime Vertical ... ' i r . . . . . . , . . .Changes n the Sun'sDeclination..... . . . . . . . .


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l ' Why PlanetsBecomeRetrograde.... . . . . . . . . .Cneprnn 5

Precessionof Equinoxes .... . . . . . . . . .Nutation, Movable and Fixed Zodiacs.... . . .Division of Zodiac into Signs and Constella

Cxeprnn 6


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Astronomg Releoont to

Chapter5{Chapter 6

Inc luding Extra - SaP lane ts - I nne r andPlanets - Retrograde MPlanets - How the Sevof a Week were Named-Movable and Fixed ZoPrecess ion and Nu taAyanamshaPhases of Moon - Its S


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The Sidereal Year,Tropical Year ..............The Calendar Year

Tithi .........


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Introdu


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CHAP

G


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l0 Astronomy Rchootl tothat the Earth moves n an orbit round the Stried to measure he relative distancesof theand heSun, hough he resultswere naccuracame he realbreakthroughwhen Hipparchu120BC) appears o haveprepared a star cataThe original star catalogueof Hipparchus hbeenpreservedbut it would be quite justifiedthat Ptolemy based his star catalogueon tHipparchus,who alsohad discovered he prec


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Astronomg Releoont to Astrologg

to show that planets move round the Sun in orbits whose one focus is the Sun.

He also enunciated the three Kepler'planetary motion. Sir Issac Newton (AD 1enunciated his famous laws of motion andf i rs t ref lector- type te lescope, ca l led a'Newtonian ' . Dur ing th is very per iod,Danzig astronomer named Johann Have1611-1667),who had his observatory at D


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changes in experimental and observationalF rom abou t 1870 la rge re f r ac to r s were3( te lescopeswi th lenses) .With the developmphotography, human eye was mostly replacrecorded photographs. During the twentieth celarger reflectors (mirrors) superseded the refRadio astronomy made its first appearance inWith the advent of space age in lg57, astronobservations are made from artificial satellitelanding of spacecraft (e.g.on Moon, Venus,Mar


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tlstronomg Reletsont to Astrologg

Paris observatory. He devoted himselfstudies of the Sun.(4) E W. August Argelander (AD 1799-187German astronomer. He produced imstar catalogues.

(5) Sir George Bidell Airy (AD 1861-1British astronomer royal (7th) was resto raise Greenwich observatory (in Eng


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t4 Atttortolty Rebooil to(ll) Bobert Aitken (AD 1864-f 49)wasan Am

ast ronomer .D i rec tor o f L ick Obse(California,120-inch eflector elescopeinch refractor ( largest in that cacompleted n 1888).Observerof double(12)S. Wal te r Adams (AD 1876-1936American astronomer.He was director oObservatory.He did important work inspectroscopy.


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Indian AstronomyNow we must turn our attention to the orighistory of Indian astronomy. It is very ancpertains to a period much earlier than thoseGreek philosophers and astronomers. It startehad depth of knowledge, accurate mathemcalcqlations, a system of observations (but theno telescopesetc.).But, after political subjuga


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16\\

Astronomg ,choont'fglove. It was diflicult to visualise an astrolowas not an astronomer and vice versa'scienceswere linked tike body and soul' lnBPurana, the complete position of planets atof Lord Krishna's birth is given' In MohoBhishma Pitamaha, the great patriarch ofandpandavas 'whohad fa l l en in theba t t l epierced with arrows shot by Arjuna, woullitt ttt" sun becomes auspicious by being tow


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siddhanta. Regarding the age of Varahmihirfixed it as (AD 550)Varah also mentions in hisSiddhant ika Arya Bhat ta- (AD 499). Buassociate Varahmihira to the court of Vikraof Ujjain. However, everyone knows that samvat starts from BC 57 (while saka era staAD 78).

, * Iost o f the Indian astronomical woclairhed as divine revelations to various sag


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18 Astronomaeleuorevelat ions and of very very ant ique ounknown authorship. In this category,we mBrahma, Surya , Soma, B r ihaspa t i andsiddhantas.(a) Surya siddhanta is at the top of thirevelations. Though it is of unknownorigin, its various translations and edavailable. It is stated to be revealed byto Asura Maya in 2163102BC (verses2-siddhanta Chapter-l). Surya siddhanta


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,,i. an authority in astronomical works. HNarada Samhita (a course on astrolog, available in Berlin Library (WeberCatalo862) .In the second category, we can l is tattributed to ancient and renowned sages .eParashara, Vyasa, pulastya and Vashishtha (being member of the group of great seven


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Artrotwmy Rohpoa;t

siddhantasof authors like Aryabhatta, VarBrahm Gupta, Romaka Siddhanta.(a) Arya siddhanta. Two principal wAryabhatta-I (AD 499)are -AryaAshot

(800verses)and DoshoGitiko (10cantoLibrary had a copy (WeberCatalogueworkwhich was a commentary on Das- Bentley had two treatises called Argo


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twelfth century (AD 1150). t is foundBrahma siddhantaof Brahm Gupta(ADis cited very frequently. It is a very prwork.

(b) Bhoja siddhanta. It was published dure ign of Ra ja Bho ja of Dhar in 10centuries.(c) 'iSiaAhanta sundara. It was composed


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22 Astronomg ReleoontNAME wonK

Manjula (AD 932)Sripati (AD 1028)

The Laghumanthe Brahma MaThe Siddhanta

The basicastronomical ime-frame usedsiddhanta s amahaUuga, hich consistsofsotyo or kritgo, treta, drsapor and kolimahaguga s fixed at 4,320,000 olar year


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S. PlanetNo.

According Accordingto Khandak to Surya-adhyaka siddhantaol Varaha

According oModernSuryasiddhanta(Ranganatha's)

NuBiGo

1. Moon2. Sun3. Mars4. Jupiter5. Saturn

57,753,3364,320,0002,296,824364,220146,564

57,753,3364,320,0002,296,824364,220146,564

57,753,336 57,4,320,000 4,32,296,832(+8) 2,2364,220 364146,568(+) 1a6


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24 Astronomy Releoont tonumber of sidereal days \n arnahaguga.

Thus f rom a compar i son o f as t ronconstants we can say that Surya Siddhantaexistence much before Varahamihira's timewas one of the first to improve upon and up

The mean time of one sidereal revolutiovarious planets in mean solar days accomodern Surya Siddhanta and with Bija corrgiven below:


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of years of Treta and

annual rate of precession (mean rate) wo54" of an arc per solar Year.

Total number of years that are estimatelapsed since the beginning of creation upcan be calculated as follows:No. of years since creation to theend of the last Y*itaguga 1953


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26 ttstronomy Releoant toPlanet Dlstance Sldereal

(million Periodof amlles) Revolutlonmodern

AccorIndlan

SynodlcPerlodic(days)

MercuryVenusEarth/SunMarsJupiter

36 86 days67.2 224.7days92.957 365.3days141.5 687days483.3 11.9 ears

115.9 ays583.9days779.9days398.9years

87.97224.7365.2687da4332d


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Astronomg Releoont to Astrologgsolar system, all the planets are movinin somewhat Elliptic Orbits in timetheir own. Of course, now the Sun isas moving (along with the solar systeGalaxy (the milky way) and this Galamoving in spaceand the space tself is eoutwards. The Indian classical systeother hand, is Geocentric with the obthe Ea r th ) as the cen t re and a l


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28 Astronomy Releoont to star Spica (chitra). The western astronhowever, follow a moving point of zero refei.e. the Equinox posit ion of the Sun eachthe first degree of Aries. The zero Arieswest is at present actually about 6Yt" n Pithe Indian system.The angular distance bfirst point of the fixed Aries and of the mAr ies , i s ca l l ed Ayanamsa. I t i s (Ephemer les or Chi t ro Poksho) 23"451 .1 .1993 .


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Astronomg Releoont to Astrology

Year or about 365y4days, with monthinto 30/31128129aysand eachday div24 hours (midnight to midnight). F\rrtt ime was fo l lowed in Ind ian sys testandard zonal times are followedfor or zones n a country in the modern (system.This local noon is mid-day lolocal midnight ls Ardharotri (half poinrnan).


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6.resolution power, the double (twins) stadiscovered.In Indian, astronomy and astrology deas a twin science. If former is the bodyscience,the latter is its soul. Both were pparcel of this divine knowledge and wereto philosophy - cyclic origin of the Univemaintenance and destruction by the ABrahma and its regeneration. Jyotish*,


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CHAPTImportant Definit


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Astronomg Releuont to

centre of this imaginary sphere.. It can be explained as under:

If two persons are standing at two diamoppos i te po in ts on the Ear th , each wi l l. apparently concave hemispherical surfacheavens. I f both the hemispher ica l sur fajoined, a celestial figure of a sphere is obtai3 GREAT CIRCLE


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Astronomr Relersant to Astrologya plane (in mathematical terms) i.e. i f the tosmooth table is extended infinitely, the suformed by the top of the table will be a plan6 POLE OF A CIRCLE IN A SPHERE

The concept canbe well explained withthe help of the figure 2.


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at right angles to the circumference of


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Astronomy &eleoont to Astrologg9 TERRESTRIAL LATITUDE

In figure2,let M bea placeat meridianPmeridian cutting the Equator at L. The grearc ML is the latitude of the place.Angle ZMalsorepresent he same hing (as he greatcwill also be measured n angles). f the plNorth of Equator, t is callednorth and if it isit is calledsouth.All the plaies lying at one will havethe same ongitude.


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Astrotwmg Releoont t

as the celestialEquator.12 ECLIPTIC

Ecliptic is the apparentannual path ofamongst he fixed stars on the cosmic sphinclined at 23'28' o the celestialEquator.Actually it is the Earth that is moving roSun. So exactly it is the projection of theannualpath round the sun on the cosmicsp


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Astronomg Relevant to Astrologg

distance from the'ecliptic measured norththe ecliptic on an arc perpendicular to it.14 CELESTIAL LONGITUDE

Celestial Longitude of a heavenly boangular distance between the first point of an arc perpendicular to the ecliptic drawnthe body. It is also defined as angular distaheavenly body measured along the ecliptic


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Astronomg Releoont tPSM is perpendicularfrom S to Equator,Arc SM is DeclinationArc OM is RightAscension RA),Arc SN is Latitude,Arc ON. s Longitude(Syana).


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AstronomA Releoont to AstrologAthe West of the observer's meridian, its houbetween 0 hour and 12 hour: when i t is in thhour angle is between 12 hour and 24 hour20 ALTITUDE

The altitude of a heavenly body is itsfrom the horizon measured on the verticathrough the body, form the zenith of the obthe horizontal circle. It has been explained


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Astronomg Releoant tthe southpoint and N, the north point of theThe west (W) and East (E), also cardinal phorizon, have an angleof 90" rom N and S

The arc NC expressedn the angle s cAzimuth (W) as t is towardswest.Thus, he positionof a heavenlybody cadescribedcompletelywith reference o the

22ZENITH


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Astronomy Releoont to Astrologgof a placeChanges in the Sun's Declination

At the spring (Vernal) equinox the declithe Sun is zero, it being at A (Figure 6) on 2lsthis point is also the first point of movableAries. The declination increases every day ais moving on the ecliptic until it reaches the(F igure 6) , the point of greatest decl ina

42 Astronomg


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Releoont tsouth declination decreases radually till itzeroon 21stMarch.Sun's declination at Vernal Equinox on 2lsis 0o. Longitude andSun's declination at Summer Solsticeon 2is 23"28'(N). Longitude and RSun's decl inat ion at Autumnal Equinox


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Astronomg Releoont to Astrologgon these two days. These two points arequinoxes.When the Sun is going from southof the Equator, the point of intersectionecliptic is called the first point of (Sayan) Awhen it is going from north to south, it is Libra. The position of first point of Aries oor about 21st March and that point is calleEquinox or Vernal Equinox. When the Sun other point i.e. about 23rd September, that


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CHAPTGe


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Astronomg Releuont to AstrologgSun, planets, satell i tes,comets, minor planinterplanetary dust, gas etc. It is a very smathe Universe and seems mportant to us onlywe happen to l ive inside it .

As the Sun is also a star and is at one focorb i ts of a l l the planets revo lv ing arounsystem is called the Solar System. In this systhe Sun is emitting light. Rest of the family mof the Solar System are revolving around it


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46 Astronomg ReleoonMarsThe asteroJupiterSaturnLJranus HeNeptunePluto

Their orbits are shown n order of thefrom Sun i.e. the nearestorbit to the Sun

tuterplanets Ior superiorplanetsL


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Astronomy lteleoont to Astrologg


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is nearly,circular.Earth: The Earth is the planet on which wThoughwe claimthat we know a lot aboutourbut the fact s that our knowledgeabouttheplvery limited.It is the third planet n order of the distanthe Sun. The mean distance rom the Sun aEarth is92,957,209 iles.As the orbit of the Enot a perfect circle, t is an ellipse,and the Su


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Astronany fuboont to Astrologgaround the Sun in nearly 365y1days.

The Earth is rotating round its axis from weastand it causes he formation of dayand nigthe daily revolution of the Sun and fixed stareast to west.The axis of the Earth is perpento its Equator i.e. ts North Pole s on one endaxis and its South Poleon the other.In turn, thePole of the Earth is facing the Polar Star.


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Astronomg Releuont

reaches at the NorthPole of the Earth (seefigut" 9). n this case,hishorizon coincideswiththe celestialEquator.

As the observergoesto the South of theEquator, the Polar Starwi l l be be low the

Astrotw.mg Rz


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Reboont


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52 Astronomgreverseof position 1 .e. n the Northern henights are longer (of more than 12hours dwinter season. t is middle of 6 months lonthe North Pole and middle of 6 months lothe South Pole. n the Southernhemispherare longer than nights and season s sumhappenson about 22nd December every yEenrn on Vnnxer,Eeurxox eno AUTUMNA

In positions 4 and 2, the Earth is on t

Astronomy Releoont to Astrology


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Figure 70

Astro*omg F.ebo ont b


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If the Earth's 0orceof gravitational attracto be considered,the orbit of the Moon woulbeen an ellipse but due to the Sun's attractiothat of other planets, the orbit undergoeconsiderable hanges. Its mean distance froEarth is 238,000 'leswl^l-hvariesfrom 22L,4at perigee o 252, 100miles at apogee.Owing to theseperturbations, the directioperigee is altering. The time taken by the Mmoving around the Earth from perigee to per



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CYCLE OF MOONMeton discovered n 433BC that in every 1thereare 235 unations .e. 365.25 19= 6939in 19yearsand 29.530588?x235 6939.688235 unar months. It shows hat all thephaseso

will occur again on the samedays of the montyears ago, the only difference being that thoccur about one hour earlier. It is called metonIt gives a readymade method of predicting d


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CHAP{ iG

Astronomg Releoont to AstrologY


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MERCURYMercury is the first planet in order ofrom the Sun i.e. t is the nearestplanet tIt was earlier believed that Mercury hadrotation (88Earth days),but now it is know

rea l ro ta t ion per iod of Mercury is 58approximately two-thirds of a Mercurianinterval betweenone sunrise to another wdaysor two Mercurian years.The orbit of

Astrorwmg Releoont to A


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MARSMars s the fourth planet n order of distancthe Sun and the nearest outer planet to the Its diameter rom the Sun changes rom 127,miles o 153,000,000iles.Its diameter s 4,200

When the Mars is closest o us, it is within 35 mmiles form the Earth and it occurs when the Mat the leastdistancefrom the Sun and the Eartthe greatestdistance from the Sun. In this caplanet outshines the other stars except Venu

Astronomg Releoont to Astrolagg


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When seen through a telescope,a nbright belts or bandsare seenencirclingparallel to its equator which may be ofvapours n its atmosphere.SATURN

Saturn is the sixth planet in order ofrom the Sun. Its mean distance from the million miles and diameter is about 74,00

Astrono.ny Releoont to A


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and it is very faint. :PLUTO

The pluto is the ninth planet. It was discoby ClydeTombaugh n 1930.Its rbit is mosteccof all the planets.For mostof the 248yearsperis much fu r ther out than Nept une; bu tperihelion, t is closer o Sun than Neptune. tsdistance rom the Sun is 3667million miles, adiameter merely 1800 miles, and extreme

Astronong Releoont to Astrologg


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Encke'scometare more remarkable.Halley's CometHa l ley ' s comet was f i rs t seen in 15afterwardsn 1607, 682, 758-59,835, 910on 9 February 1986. t has a period of 76 yenext return is expected n 2061.Enckets Comet

Its periodic/time is 3.3 years. At perihe

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produces luminous effect. Due to their effect meteors are also called the shootingMeteorites: These are relatively largebig rocksetc.,which do not get completelin atmospherebefore reaching the Earth'and which producecratersetc. or get buri

Keplerts LawsThe laws according to which the planaround the Sun were discovered by Joh

Astronomg Releoant to Astrologg


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Mahabir Prasad Srivastava, Edition II.q


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Hora 1Lord Mon

23Sat Jup

56Sun

4MarsHora 8 15 22

Lord Mer Mon Mon23 24Sat Jup

twenty fifth hora is the first hora of the nso the day was named after Mars (aapl theday (aa77a7V1i.e.T\resday. Similarly, of othedays were named as given in the table below



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stationalry at E. Consider its further positioH and I . I t wi l l be seen that the correspbackground at the zodiac will be seen backFr, Gr,H, and Ir t i l l i t reachesJ and i ts correspos i t i on J , i s seen a t the zod iac . I t i sretrograde motion as its geo-centric longitudecreasing. When it is at J and the line OJ,, nearly tangent to the orbit of the planet, itseen as stationary in the zodiac as the longitune i the r inc rease no r dec rease fo r som


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CHAPTPrecession f Equ

Astronomg Rehoont t


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resultsalso n change n the identity of the pfrom one era to another.I t can be we l lcompared wi th thewobbling of the axis ofrotation of a spinning-top, which has beendisturbed to createwobbl ing from itss.teady spin state,



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:'Themean net annual precession,which is algeneral precession, is about 50'.24each yeaverage.

As the distancesof the attracting bodieSun, Moon, planets, asteroids, comets etc.the value of precession also changes. Thethe celestial sphere is of only 47odiameter v47" and takes 25,800years to complete.

Its effect is important. Due to shifting

Astronomy Releoont t


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Aries is always fixed in the nakshatras i.e. aan angle of 180" to Chi tra star. The lonmeasuredwith reference o this fixed firstAries which has a permanentposition on thefixed amongthe stars are calledNiragana onThey are divided into twelve rashis such aVrish etc. This fixed zodiac is also dividednakshatras.Thus the Nirayana rashis alwaythe samestar groups/constellations.

The other zodiac is called movable



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\ Ayanamsa on 21st January 1993was 23"45'5Rash t r i ya Panchanga ) . I t i s basedrecommendation of the Calendar Reform Coappointed by the Government of India whichth i s sys tem o f Ayanamsa in 1953 . UndAyanamsa system both first point Aries wereto have coincided on Sunday the 22nd Mare285 and hence Ayanamsa on that day was zTherefore,

Astronomg Releoont t


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(7') Punarvasu (8) Pushya(9) Ashlesha (10) Magha(f 1) Purvaphalguni (I2) Uttarapha

(13) Hasta (14) Chitra(15) Swati (16) Vishakha(17) Anuradha (18) Jyeshtha(19) Mula (20) Purvasha(21) Uttarashadha (22) Shravana

Astronomy F'eleoont to Astrology


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4. Karkata 90oto 120"5. Sinha 120'to150'6. Kanya 150'to 180o7. Tula 180 ' to 10 '

8. Vrishchika210' lo 240"

PushyaAshleshaMaghaPurvaphalguniUttaraphalguniHastaChitraSwatiVishakhaAnuradha

93'20' 106'40120"133'20146'40160'173'20186'40200"213"20


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CHAPT

Phasesof



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---+Sun rays+

-_+-------+

- t - - 6

76 Astronomg Releoont to


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the Mooncanbe seenand assuchhalf of theBLC and ALD is visible. The remaining hahemisphere owards the Earth is not receivlight of the Sun; so, t doesnot reflect any igassuch, s invisible to us.It happenson'oshtoof the shukla paksha as well as the krishnaThe only difference is that the half disc that ion shulcloashtami s dark onkrtshno oshtamiaversa.When the Moon is in positions4 andthan half of the disc is visible as lessthan


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Descending OM

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dragon's head and dragon's tail. These pointsstationary but take about 18years 220 days years in making a revolution around the Earmotion is non-uniform like that of all planetshere is the average period of motion. Their min reverse direction than that of other plaother words, they move in the zodiac in direction. So, they are said to be having a retmotion at an average or mean rate of aboueach year or about 8" an hour. They have true

Astronomy Relersont o Astrologg


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and minutes. one sidereal day is equal to 24hours. One such hour comprises of 60 minuIt can be observed that a fixed star whichalong the Sun will rise about 4 minutes earthe sunrise next day i.e. the sun has movedzodiac.

If an observer continues to observe theone month, he will notice that the sun has

80 Astronomy Releoont to


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one revolu-t i on in ap-proximatelY365 dayswhile Merc-ury com-pletes t in 88days.

In the

For n

Astronomy Reletsont to Astrologg


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The outer planets move slower than theEarth completesonerevolution n I yearanddoes t approximately n 12Years.

Here S is the Sun, E, and E, are the postheEarth andd andJrpositionsof Jupiter at tof opposition,while Ez,E3are positionsof thand Jr , J , pos i t ions o f Jup i te r a t the tconjunction.

SEJ is the opposit ion and SErJr s th


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CHAP

Ec

Asllonomg Releoont to Astrologg


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, - - O - -

t ^ )o - ' oOrbitof MoorfFigure18

84 tlstronomg Releoont to


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Moon's surface enters in umbra. It is bepenumbra he Sun's ight falling on the Moodiminishedand not stoppeddirectly while ino direct rays from the Sun can enter.

So,when the Moon is at position M, orthe figure it receives light from the one enSun and hence its brightness is diminishdiminution is smallerwhen the Moon is atof the penumbral cone.Totalityof the Moon

Astronomy Releoant to Astrologg


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In the case of lunar eclipse, he Moon lwhen it enters umbra and the eclipse s visto the whole part of the Earth which is fMoon. The Moon, being much smaller than tcan obstruct the Sun's rays for a smaller arEarth and as such the eclipse is visible toarea of the Earth at a time.

Solar eclipse is of three kinds: (L) tota(2) partial eclipse and (3) annular eclipse.

86 Astronomy Releoont to A


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Figure 19or the observer s at a point outside he umbraof the Moon.



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OCCULTATIONMoon'ssiderealperiod of revolution s abodays and it moveseastwardswith referencestars and at an averageof more than half aper hour. In its movement, t continually nte

i ts disc between us and the stars. The sdisappearance f a star by the Moon'sdisc is cthe occultationof the star by the Moon.Actually, he coveringup of onecelestialb


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CHAP

Astronomg Releoont to AsttologY


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successive ransits of this fictitious body oSun across the observer's meridian is demean solar day which is equal to the avemotion of the real Sun in the eclipt ic. Thof such a mean solar day is divided into 2imp l i es tha t the r igh t ascens ion o f mincreases at a uniform rate. When the meathe meridian of a place, it is local mean nand the hour-angle of the mean Sun is z

90 Astronomg Releoqnt to A


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of l0 x 4 = 40 minutes provided the terrelatitude is the same.This way,we can see halocal mean time of placesat different terrelongitudeswill be different in a country or aand the day-to-daywork of the societywill facof troubleand practicallybedisrupted n the prera. The terrestr ia l lat i tudes and longi tudMumbaiare 18'58'(N)and 72"50'(E), ndof Ca22"35' N) an 88'23' E).

Astronom Releoant to Astrologg


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difference between that of Greenwich is aof half an hour. The difference between(Indian Standard Time) and that of the Grmean time is 572hours.Units of TimeThe following are the units of time as pSiddhanta

6 pran = I pal.(also called vin


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In degreesanil raslis60" seconds) = 1'(minute)6o'(minute) = 1'(degree)30"(degree) = 1 rashi (sign)12rashis = zodiacUnits of Measurement of Distances in SpaThree systemsfor measuring distance in

Astronorng Releoont to Astrologg


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two positions at extreme points is two AUsalso be expressed as the mean distance of thfrom the Sun.Parsec

The distance corresponding to a parallaxcalled a parsec.1 parsec = 2,06,265astronomical un

94 AstronomA Releoant


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Civil DayNowadays,he time from one midnight tmidnight is a civil day.According to ousystem, he time interval between one sanothersunrise s calledone'savanday'i.e= 24solar time hours.Meansolarday = 24hours 3 minutes56in sidereal ime hours, etc.

Astronomg Releoant to Asttologg


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solar month is smaller.Conversely,when thvelocityof the Sun is less, he solarmonthThe average ime of a solar month is 80.43Lunar Month

When the longitudesof the Sun and tbecomeexactlyequal the amaaasgronds.Tbetween the ending of one arnauclsyao thnextamauosgos calleda lunar month.It is a

Astronomg Releoo,nt o


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"from the sidereal year. Its duration is J6S.Zi.e. 365days 5 hours 48 minutes 45 secondsThe calendar year is the mean length ofIts duration is 365.24days, i.e. 365 days 5 hminutes 12 seconds.The anomalistic year is the duration btwo successivepassagesof the per ihel ionEarth. As the Earth's perihelion also moves aseconds in its orbit every year and complerevolution in

Astronomy Releoont to Astrologg


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Moon's nakshatra on which the Moon wpoornfunaday during the said solar month.after every two to three years, we have alunar months and the difference betweenand lunar ydars is adjusted.


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CHAPTPanch

Astronorny Releuant to Astrology


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days 5 hours 48'and 45.3"or, say,365.2422 ait is mult ipl ied by 100, t gives 24.22extraexcess of 365 days per year) in a century.Gregory XIII adopted a calendar in 1582ato which normally years will be of 365 daysthe years which are divisible by 4 without resuch as 1988, L992,etc. will have 366 dayscenturies, i.e. the year which are multiple onot multiple of 400 will only 365 days and

Astronomg Releoant to100


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ExampleThe following is an illustration how to ca

the day of a week in Gregorian calendar wpresently n vogue.To find out the day on March 4, 1988.Number of days more than completeweeks n 1600 ears = Q

.' Number of days more than complete

Astronomg Reletsont to Astrologg


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to the end of succeeding amaoasAo, .e. the between the longitudes of the Moon and theincresing.As there are 360'in the zodiac,somonth the Moon moves 360omore than tSun. There are 30 t i this in one lunar mont

So,one ithi= 399"=rz'30The following table shows the tithis

t02 Astronomy Reletsont o


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YyrishnaPaksha Dark HalflName Tithi No. LongitMoonPratipadaDviteeyaTriteeyaChaturthiPanchami

180" t192' t204" t216' t228" t

16t7181920



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motions depend upon their distances from apperigee.This fast and slow movement of the Moon

sometimes the losing of a tithi and sometimesa t ithi. The principle behind it in the Indiacalendar is that the tithi which is at the time ois the tithi of the day. Whether that tithi mayfor a few minutes in that day or it may prolothe next sunrise. A tithi which starts after

104 Astronong Re|r'oont to


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68" 45' - 236"39By the above formula,As 68"45'is less han 236o 9',add 360" n 68

4280 45', - 236039' 19r 6'= - L2. -.006'= to 12

T2

L2



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Tithi =i Longitude of the Moon - Longitudeof the LT

2" 10 4 ' - 6 . 10 5 ' ,Ti th i=- -T

, = 61o4' - 181o5'L2

106 Astronomg Reboont to


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tithi is running on 19thOctober.Hence, the tithi on October lg, 2000 s PakshaSaptami.It is seen hat 2lst tithi hasbeen missed

(2) Take another case of miss ing t i th i ,February2,200Land February3,2001.Sunriseat Delhi on 2nd February s at 7.13a

Sunriseat Delhi on 3rd February s at 7.12a

Astronomy Releoont to


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38050' - 290 25'L2

10go25' ^00 25'= rz =o LzNine tithis havepassedand tenth is runntithi on February 3rd, 2001 s ShulcloPokshaDIt may be seen hat Navami hasbeenmissed

r08 Astronomy R.eleoont


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277"16', 170"Lz',t2

1o7o4' ^11o4'= s -12 L2Eight tithies have passedand gth is ruthe time of Sunrise.Hence, he tithi of Octobis Shukla PakshaNavami. By this it is seentithi for October6, 2000and October 7,2000


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1? 13' + 360" - 2ggo 3't2

37r 13'- 2ggo 3'L2)83o50' ^11e50'= U _t2 L2


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(245x60+16)-- (13x 60 + 20)'14700' 16'= ?80 '+20 '14716'800' = 1g316'800'

the 2nd quarter, or pada, or chara

Astronomg Releoont to Astrologg; This way by changingthe signsand deg


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minutes and dividing by 800', he quotient gnumber of nakshatraspassedand the regives the minutes of the next nakshatra whpassedout of 800'.

In the above manner, we can calcunakshatra of any planet at any moment,provNiragana longitudes are known.But, when we saywhat nakshatra is run

Lt2 Astronomg Relerso,ntThe quotient + l will give the number of


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running.Names of Karanas1. Bava2. Balava3. Kaulava4. Taitila5. Gara6. Vanij

Karana =


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Longitude of the Moon - Longitude of th

Karana =6o

2 " l 4 ' , - 6 " 1 0 5 '6

6lo 4' - 1910 '

tl4 Astronomg Releoont toTithi lst Tithi lst2nd


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Karana Karana KKarana678Il0

11

357246

4613bI

2156227123232445256726L2



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21. Siddha 22. Sadhya23. Shubha 24. Shukla (S25. Brahma 26. Indra27. Vaidhriti

The names of Aogas hemselves ndicatheir word meaning) where these are au(good)and were theseare inauspicious bad


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20399'800'

_ 253gg'900'25thyogahaspassedand26thyoga, .e. nrunning at that time.


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CHAPTUpagrahas and

1 1 8 Astronolrg Releuant to5. Sikhi : Indrachapa+ 16o40'or 33


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ExamplePresume hat, in a horoscope he Sun'sis at 12" n Gemini.So, he Sun's ongitude = 7Zo (S)

1. Dhuma 72 '+133"20 '=205 '20 '(133"20' 72. = 205"20')



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The above sens i t i vepo in ts ca lcu lareference o the Sun's ongitude serveas AmplanetsMars (for Dhooma),Rahu (for patha(for Paridhi), Venus (for Indrachap), and KSikhi or upaketu).But for calculating he poupagrahas of the other four planets - thMercury,Jupiter and Saturn, other methodsaUpagrahas (Astrological)

Astronomg Reletsont to A

: procedure fo l lowed fo


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The calculat ionupagrahas, Ardhyam, Yamagantak and ManGulika) is as follows:Birth During Day

Divide the daytime (dinamaan) into eightparts. Alloted to the various weekdays, thbelonging to the planet ruling the weekday - thseven in the weekday's cyclic order, eighth acalled nireesh, .e. without lordship

Astronomy Releoont to AstrologgThe nearest


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star to our Solar System is PCentauri but everi its distance is very greatlight-years. Sirius (Lubdhaka), the brightestt he sky , i s 8 .7 l i gh t - yea rs away (S i r i uconste l la t ion Canis Major is ) . Arc turus (SBootes is 36 light-years away. Anteres (JyesScorpio is a red star, which is 330 light-yeaBetelguese (Ardra) in Orion is at 310 l ighRegulus (Magha) o - Leonis in Leo is 425ligh

L22 Asftonomg Releoont toMean Places of Stars t


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S. StarNo. IndianName NirayanaLongitude Magni- Dtude L1. p Arietis2.4hrieties3. AlcyoneZ(qTauri)4. Aldebaran(c

AshwiniBharaniKrittikaRohini

Aries10'6'Aries24'20'Taurus '8'Taurus15o55'

2.723.682.961.06

AstronomV Releoant to AstrologgStar Indian Magni-Nirayana


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Name tudeLongitude19. 6 Corvi ,Jr.L,.20. Spica(crVirginis)

-21. Arcturus_ (o Bootis)22'. aLibra

HastaChitra

SwatiVishakha

Virgo19'35 3.11Virgo29'59' 1.21LibraO'22' o.24Libra21"13' 2.90

t l 2 4 Astronamg Releoont to,"luminosity,ncreasesproportionally (in a loga


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sca le) to sur face tempera ture . But foluminosity is high though surface tempercomparatively ow (like Betelguese,Antarefor others(like Sirius, ProcyonB) luminositeven with high surface temperature. StaBetelguese supergiants)are well advancedevolution. W-type stars have surface tempeof up to 80,000"C, nd have bright lines (ncalcium, etc.) in spectra.Highly luminou

The tail of a comet consistsof excessive


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gasand a fine dust releasedby starheatandpointsaway rom the sun due to solarwindradiation pressure.There are manyshocometswith periodsof a few years,but thesdim. The only bright comet of a period lecentury is the Hailey'scomet (its period isyears). t was last seen n 1gg6.Cometsarereflected light of the Sun when they are nea

t26 Astronomg Reboont to200,000ight-years away.


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Themostdistantgalaxyobserved s 3C-2'Bootes',and is estimated o be 5000millioyearsaway.The galaxiesareexpandingwith rin spectra.


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CHAPTRising and S


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tAstronomg Releoont to Asttology

{Qreff ffilgqTq;w:


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WqfEryfErciuwu: sTalati qrfu e#F-dt4fu"rt dw tfrrr: fuqtgat qltz.:rqmt dEeraratet:erqffireqfhqr; qqrg.{{ fts qrfu4: t t

(qd ft?Frd-J


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planets and zodiac. Since the Earth rotawest to east, all the planets including thappear to move from east to west. The(the sign) of zodiac which is rising in theany movement is called ascendant. At thesunrise. Let the longitude of the Sun be 1At mid-noon, the Sun will be in the mid-, So the Ascendant at that time may be 15approx imate ly . A t the t ime o f sun

Astronomg Releoont to AstrologgCOMBUSTION OF INNER PLANETS


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Mercury and Venus do not remain dirbecome retrograde when they come near thTheir motion is faster than the Sun. Whendirect and their longitudes are less han the Sare visible in the east before the sunrise. Duefaster motion after some days, they reach Sun and cannot be seen; hey becomecombuthey move sufficiently ahead of the Sun a

132 Astronomg Releoont toDirect Retrogr


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MoonMarsMercuryJupiterVenus

12"17"14"1 1 010'

Saturn 15o'

L2"80


bigger diameter of the disc of Venus


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I t might have also been noticed that inof Venus and Mercury the longitudinal ditheir combustion is more while they are diwhen retrograde. At the time of direct moSun is in between the planet and the Earthi t can be in fe r red tha t a t t he t ime o fconjunction the planet is farthest from the E

of inferior conjunction it is nea

134 Astronom! fuleoontto Alongitudinal distance.The ZSOP is that longit


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distance,at the time when the combustion starplanet is actually at P,. The distancep,S i.e.Zis more than ZPOS. Hence the planet will acbe combustwhen its actualangulardistance roSun will be equal to ZPOS. The planet will hmove nearer to the Sun i.e. it will take somedaysbefore t becomescombust.For this, the mof correction has been given in the Surya sidd


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TestYourselfd .


Q 8. Do the planets move retrograde? Give


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in support of your answer.Q 9. Which is the most luminous planet (exluminaries Sun and Moon)?Q f0. What is the highest latitude north or

which it is possible o see he Sun in theat noon.Q 11. Why the Sun is never seen in Zenith

Astronomg Releoont to Astrologyto Lunar year and Solaryear?


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Cl f9. What is Panchanga?How the tithi anare calculated?Find out tithi and K2.30p.m. on December12,2000.Q 20. How the nakshatrasandyogasare foWhat nakshatraand yogawill be on D28,2000at 5.30p.m.?


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INDEXAAltitude 39AnomalisticMonth 95Anomalisticyear96AstronomicalUnit 92Azinuth 39B

Declination Circle 38Difference between Mand Indian ClassAstronomy 26Diurnal Motion 12?Division of zodiac ntoand constellationE

J Nodical Month 95


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Jupiter 58KKarana 111Kepler's Laws 62L iLight Year 92

Nutrtion 69oObliquity of EquatEquinoxes 42Occultation 87PPanchanga98

Solar System 44


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Sphere 31Stars 44, 120Superior Conjunction 80' 56Surya Siddhanta 18Synodic Period ?9TTerrestrial Equator 34Tbrrestrial Latitude 35Tierrestrial Longitude 34


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Table of Planetary MovementNamesolplante

Meandistancefrom theSun(ln mlles)

Meanorbitalvelocityin mllesperlecond

Albed,o S iderea lperioclIn Earthdays

Synodicperlodin Eafihdays

Periodof rotal-lon nEarthdays

EquatGrialdiame.ter inmlles r

Eccent-rlclty ottheorbit

Orbltallncllna-tlon toEcllptlc

Mags(Earth=1 )Ilensity(Water= 1 )

SurfaceGravity(Earth =1 )

Volume(Earth =1 )Escapevelocitymilesperscond

Mercury 36,000,000 29.7 0.06 88 1 1 5 . 9 58.65 3,otr, , 0.206 7"O', 0.055 5.5 0.38 0.055 2.6Venus 67,200,000 21.7 0.76 224.7 583.9 243.16 7,523 0.007 9"24' 0.815 5.25 0.90 0.86 6.4


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H : M : SEarth 92,957,000 18.5 0.36 365.3 23:56:04 7,926 0.017 1.0 5.52 I 1 6.94Mars 141,500,000 15 . 0 0.16 687 779.9 24:37:23 4,218 0.093 1's1 ' 0.107 3.94 0.38 0.15 3.2Jupitel 483,300.000 8.1 0.43 11. 9yr s 398.9 09:50:30 88,378 0.048 1'18' 3 1 8 1.33 2.64 1310 37.1Saturn 886,100,000 6.0 0.61 29.5 rs 378.1 10:39:0O 74,145 0.056 2"29' 95 o.71 1 . 1 6 74 22Uranus 1,783,000,000 1.2 0.35 84.0 rs 369.7 17: 0O:0O 32, 90 o.o47 0'46' 14.6 1 . 7 1 . 1 7 67 r3.9Neptune 2,793,000,000 3.4 0.3It 164.8 rs 367.5 l7:57:0O 30,760 0.009 r"46' 17.2 1 . 8 1 . 2 57 1 5 . 1Pluto t,667,000,000 2.9 o.47 247.7 rs 366.7 6daysthrsl7min 1,800 o.28 17'10'

below0. 1

Sun 13525.4days 8,65,000 330,000 1.41 28 r,3(n,00c 384

Moon 239,000hom heEadh 1.02km/sec 7% 27.321 29.s327.3days 2,160 0.055 5'15' il41 3.34 0.16 1. 5

Ab(b ls ho r6fl*ttn9 por,erol a dant n h alio otth amount a lgt riclsd ron thobody o t| srnount l lighl whk* lalh Won t ftomanouEldesourcMagnitude|satemlorbdghtn55.Thegr6t6rthemagn|tUd6,het5sri6th.bdghtt6.wltthe'|gutbin'|rnusitrrlansthetp|a

astronomy relevant to astrology by v p jain

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