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ASTM D-6400
Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic
Materials Under Controlled Composting
Conditions
Tested By:
Soil Control Lab
42 Hangar Way
Watsonville, CA 95076
(831) 724-5422
www.compostlab.com
Tested For:
Aseem Das
World Centric Corporation
2121 Strunton Court
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Results:
SCL 9070001
Account No.:
9070001-1-09
Batch
42 Hangar Way Jul. 09
Watsonville CA 95076 CODE: ASTM 6400
www.compostlab.com
Aseem
World Centric
2121 Strunton Court
Palo Alto CA 94306
Date Received: 30 Jun. -09
Sample Id.: Wheat Straw Trays
Sample id. Number 9070001
ASTM D6400 - BPI -Preliminary Report
Total Carbon 41.0 percent dry weight
Ash 5.4 percent dry weight
Thickness of Material 0.516 mm
BioBased (D6866) 93 +/- 1 percent
BioBased (ASTM D6868) Info.
http://www.soybiobased.org/resources/meeting012904_ASTM_Briefing.doc
Heavy Metal Concentration
Constituents Sample U.S. Canadian
mg/kg dry wt. Limits Limits
Arsenic As 0.72 22 38
Cadmium Cd 0.26 20 10
Copper Cu 4.89 750 NA
Lead Pb 3.00 150 250
Mercury Hg < 1 9 3
Nickel Ni 0.60 210 90
Selenium Se < 1 50 7
Zinc Zn 19.3 1400 925
Cobalt Co 0.28 NA 75
Chromium Cr 0.89 NA NA
Molybdenu Mo 0.51 NA 10
Fluorine F < 1 100 100
The above analysis for heavy metals was performed in house by SCL using the following methods:
EPA Method 207 (ICP) for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr and Mo
EPA Method 208 (ICPMS) for As, Se
EPA Method 245.7 (cold vapor) Hg
EPA Method 300.1 (IC) for F
Analyst: Frank Shields Page 2
Soil Control Lab
42 Hangar Way
Watsonville, CA 95076
Description of Test Procedure
Equipment:
Two controlled temperature ovens that have capacities to hold 36 test chambers each for a total of
72 Test chambers; Each cylindrical chamber has a capacity of seven and one half liters.
The containers are sectioned into two parts by use of a porous pad so that the top section has a
volume of six liters. One liter of water is placed in the bottom section and the test material in the top.
Carbon dioxide free air is bubbled through the water to water saturate the air and then through the
porous pad into the main test chamber then out of the the top. The air exiting the test chambers
is plumbed to a solenoid valve which is controlled so that every two hours the air is diverted for two
minutes. This diverted air flows into one liter adsorption units containing a known volume of one normal
sodium hydroxide to adsorb the carbon dioxide produced in the test chambers.
Test Procedure
A suitable three month old stable compost from Monterey District composting facility is used for the
Inoculum of this test. The material is sieved through 9.5 mm (0.371 inches) and then mixed.
A known weight of inoculum is taken so that it is equivalent to 600 grams of dry weight, ammonium
chloride is added so that the C/N ratio is less than 15 plus an appropriate volume of water to adjust
the moisture content to 55%. The inoculum is mixed in a mixer and then transferred to a test .
chamber. Positive and negative controls are established by adding 100 grams of cellulose powder
and polyethylene respectively to the inoculums Finally 100 grams of the test material which has .
been reduced to a size of less than 2cm. is added to the inoculum formula. The above mixtures
are set up in triplicate to give a total of 12 test containers.
The test chambers are placed in the temperature controlled oven which is set to 58 degrees
centigrade. The air is then connected and adjusted so that the flow rate is between 150 and 200
milliliters per minute. After 3 days the adsorption units are removed so that the
amount of carbon dioxide produced can be determined by titrating to pH 8.5 with 0.5 normal
hydrochloric acid after adding barium chloride to precipitate the carbonates formed by the
carbon dioxide produced in the test chambers.
The adsorption units are then replaced and the same procedure is performed for a furthers 4 days.
Then on a weekly basis the chambers are removed from the oven opened to replace whatever
volume of water that has been used and to mix the contents of the chambers. After returning the
chambers to the oven the air is connected and the carbon dioxide adsorption procedure allowed to
proceed for 7 days. The testing is allowed to proceed for a total of 12 weeks or until the amount
of carbon converted to carbon dioxide in the test containers has ceased.
The cumulative amount of carbon dioxide is calculated for each chamber so that the amount of
carbon converted can be calculated for the test sample and the positive and negative controls.
The material in the chambers is removed and sieved through 2mm sieve to establish the percentage
of disintegration. The material from the triplicate test chambers that pass through the sieve is then
mixed in a blender and subjected to the plant phytotoxicity study. Page 2
Work Order Number
SCL - 9070001
Soil Control Lab Batch
42 Hangar Way Jun 2009
Watsonville CA 95076 CODE: ASTM 6400
www.compostlab.com
Aseem
World Centric
2121 Strunton Court
Palo Alto CA 94306
Date Received: 30 Jun. 09
Sample Id.: Wheat Straw Trays
Sample id. Number 1 9070001
ASTM D6400 Test Package for BPI Certification
Description: Wheat Straw Trays cardboard like
Start Date: 06 Jul. 09 End Date: 23 Sept. 09
Sample Pretreatment: Cut into 2 cm squares.
Inoculum Pretreatment: Pre-screened through 9.5mm sieve and stored at 4 deg. C until needed.
Analysis of inoculum: Units Units
Resp. Rate in Unit: 78 *See below Phosphorus (P) 3800 mg/kg dry
pH value: 7.25 units Potassium (K) 11000 mg/kg dry
Moisture: 36.6 percent dry E Conductivity (EC5) 7.80 mmhos/cm
Volatile Solids: 45.0 percent dry AgIndex Ratio 6 Ratio
Total Organic Carbon 26 percent dry Respiration Rate 1 **See below
Total Nitrogen (N) 1.4 percent dry Biological Avail. C (BAC 1.1 **See below
Ammonia Nitrogen 180 mg/kg dry Maturity (germination) 100 % of control
Nitrate Nitrogen 440 mg/kg dry Maturity (vigor) 100 % of control
Organic Nitrogen 1.3 percent dry Metals Pass Pass/Fail
Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) 18.6 Ratio Collected then screened and stored @4 deg. C
*CO2-C per gram VS in the first ten days ** mg CO2-C/g OM/day
Set Up:
Tweleve reactors were prepared as follows:
Inoculum Blank: (3 reps.):
946 g compost, 254 mls water and 8g NH4Cl.
Positive Control (3 reps.):
946 g compost, 354 mls water,8 g NH4Cl and100 g powdered cellulose.
Negative Control: (3 reps.)
946 g compost, 354 mls water,8 g NH4Cl, and 100 g cut sheet polyehylene.
Sample (3 Reps.):
946 g compost, 354 mls water, 8 g NH4Cl, and 100 g prepared sample.
Mixes prepared to have the final mix 50 percent moisture and a C/N ratio less than 30.
Page 3
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Sample Id.: Wheat Straw Trays
Data Summary
Pass / Fail Readings during first 12 weeks (84 days) of the test.
Day 10 The suggested carbon dioxide production of the inoculum is between 50 and 150 mg
per grams volatile solids in the first ten days. Actual value = 78
PASS Day 45 Cellulose must biodegrade greater than 70%. Actual value is 77.1.
PASS Standard deviation of the positive reference must be less than 20%. Actual value is 11.53
Day 84 The degree of disintigation in 12 weeks was visibly greater than 90 percent.
The degree of disintegration calculated to be approximately 95 percent.
The reactors containing the test material showed signs of decomposition at day 24
as the appearance became covered in fungus and soft. After day 45 the material
started to disintegrate into smaller pieces.
Reading at the end of test:
Day 80 End of Test
Weight of container contents reported dry weight:
Start (g) End (g) Loss (g) Start (g) End (g) Loss (g)
inoculcum 602 530 72 Pos. Control 702 562 140
inoculcum 602 540 62 Pos. Control 702 578 124
inoculcum 602 542 60 Pos. Control 702 576 126
Neg Control 702 640 62 Sample 702 562 140
Neg Control 702 621 81 Sample 702 578 124
Neg Control 702 634 68 Sample 702 584 118
PASS The pH value at the end of the test was greater than seven. Actual value = 7.6
PASS The temperature range of the incubator was maintained at 58 deg. C +/- 2 deg C.
The degree of biodegradation determined to be 95% after 80 days
PASS The concentrations of heavy metals was less than the published limits.
There was satisfactory appearance, odor and moisture content of all chambers .
throughout the test.
Phytotoxicity
PASS % Germ. Cucumber The phytotoxicity test for two plant species determined using percent germination
PASS % Germ. Turf Mix and percent vigor PASS % Germ.. Test Method used is TMECC 05.05-A for phytotoxicity.
PASS % Vigor" Cucumber Closed containers to concentrate any volatile and prevent moisture loss is used to
PASS % Vigor Turf Mix keep any toxins present close to the plant. Fast growing, salt tolerant plants are chosen
for the test specimen to aquir lower detection limits. Mixes diluted with vermiculite until
positive control produced healthy plants. Calculations as percent of positive control.
Results: Germination % STDEV Vigor % STDEV
Cucumber 90 13.9 99 2.0
Turf Mix 98 5.8 109 2.7
PASS Single Polymer Carbon converted from cellulose is 79.5 %. and from test material is 75.5%
PASS Multi Polymer Carbon converted from test material using cellulose as positive control is 95%.
The standard deviation and 95% confidence inteval for cellulose was 10.53 and 11.92 res
The standard deviation and 95% confidence inteval for sample was 2.75 and 3.11 resp.
Page 4
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 8.00 7.87 8.57 3 8.00 7.87 8.57
7 9.16 7.94 6.91 7 17.16 15.81 15.48
10 5.36 5.44 4.23 10 22.52 21.25 19.71
14 6.58 5.65 5.67 14 29.10 26.90 25.38
17 5.39 5.07 4.55 17 34.49 31.97 29.93
21 6.56 5.63 5.50 21 41.05 37.60 35.43
24 4.53 5.13 4.97 24 45.58 42.73 40.40
31 7.18 5.62 6.76 31 52.76 48.35 47.16
38 7.24 6.00 6.03 38 60.00 54.35 53.19
45 6.35 6.87 5.57 45 66.35 61.22 58.76
52 6.65 6.71 5.50 52 73.00 67.93 64.26
59 5.62 6.15 4.94 59 78.62 74.08 69.20
66 6.85 6.42 5.13 66 85.47 80.50 74.33
73 6.98 7.03 4.67 73 92.45 87.53 79.00
80 5.18 5.76 4.12 80 97.63 93.29 83.12
% Standard 95% Conf.
Day Average STDV % STDV Population Error Limit Coef.of.var
45 62 3.87 6.23 3 2.24 4.38 0.0623
80 91 7.45 8.15 3 4.30 8.43 0.0815
Page 5
Carbon Dioxide Production from Inoculum
Measured Production (gm) Cumulative Production (gm)
Cumulative Production of CO2 by Inoculums
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
CO
2 p
rod
ucti
on
(g
m)
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Reactor 3
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 8.19 8.26 8.03 3 8.19 8.26 8.03
7 7.81 7.72 7.94 7 16.00 15.98 15.97
10 5.44 5.34 4.87 10 21.44 21.32 20.84
14 6.25 5.85 6.84 14 27.69 27.17 27.68
17 4.61 4.84 5.24 17 32.30 32.01 32.92
21 5.80 5.41 6.47 21 38.10 37.42 39.39
24 4.53 5.13 4.97 24 42.63 42.55 44.36
31 7.18 5.62 6.76 31 49.81 48.17 51.12
38 7.24 12.41 6.03 38 57.05 60.58 57.15
45 6.35 6.87 5.57 45 63.40 67.45 62.72
52 6.65 6.71 5.50 52 70.05 74.16 68.22
59 5.62 6.15 4.94 59 75.67 80.31 73.16
66 6.85 6.42 5.13 66 82.52 86.73 78.29
73 6.98 7.03 4.67 73 89.50 93.76 82.96
80 5.18 5.76 4.12 80 94.68 99.52 87.08
% Standard 95% Conf.
Day Average STDV % STDV Population Error Limit Coef.of.var
45 65 2.56 3.96 3 1.48 2.89 0.0396
80 94 6.27 6.69 3 3.62 7.10 0.0669
Page 6
Carbon Dioxide Production from Inoculum + Polyethylene
Cumulative Production (gm)Measured Production (gm)
Cumulative Production of CO2 by Inoculum +
Polyethylene
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
CO
2 p
roduction (
gm
)
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Reactor 3
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 42.31 33.11 26.59 3 42.31 33.11 26.59
7 47.03 48.96 49.08 7 89.34 82.07 75.67
10 17.38 15.37 20.69 10 106.72 97.44 96.36
14 15.68 15.98 16.00 14 122.40 113.42 112.36
17 11.08 9.71 10.20 17 133.48 123.13 122.56
21 12.10 10.98 11.44 21 145.58 134.11 134.00
24 8.73 7.51 7.55 24 154.31 141.62 141.55
31 13.91 13.24 12.17 31 168.22 154.86 153.72
38 13.35 10.36 9.73 38 181.57 165.22 163.45
45 12.00 9.13 9.46 45 193.57 174.35 172.91
52 8.40 7.94 8.19 52 201.97 182.29 181.10
59 6.46 6.75 6.92 59 208.43 189.04 188.02
66 5.25 6.50 6.88 66 213.68 195.54 194.90
73 6.49 6.64 6.22 73 220.17 202.18 201.12
80 5.19 5.47 5.50 80 225.36 207.65 206.62
% Standard 95% Conf.
Day Average STDV % STDV Population Error Limit Coef.of.var
45 180 11.53 6.40 3 6.66 13.05 0.0640
80 213 10.53 4.94 3 6.08 11.92 0.0494
Page 7
Cumulative Production (gm)
Carbon Dioxide Production of Inoculum + Cellulose
Measured Production (gm)
Cumulative CO2 Production of Cellulose + Inoculum
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
CO
2 p
rod
ucti
on
(g
m)
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Reactor 3
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Day Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 16.88 16.07 19.75 3 17 16 20
7 24.09 24.40 35.48 7 41 40 55
10 13.63 17.91 23.24 10 55 58 78
14 18.23 20.56 19.25 14 73 79 98
17 14.93 22.28 13.83 17 88 101 112
21 17.51 21.12 12.76 21 105 122 124
24 9.90 9.78 8.69 24 115 132 133
31 16.91 15.23 14.36 31 132 147 147
38 17.04 12.41 10.32 38 149 160 158
45 14.39 9.42 8.57 45 164 169 166
52 10.80 7.86 8.14 52 174 177 174
59 8.95 7.24 8.93 59 183 184 183
66 8.31 7.69 6.40 66 192 192 190
73 8.39 6.78 6.48 73 200 199 196
80 7.43 6.52 5.74 80 207 205 202
% Standard 95% Conf.
Day Average STDV % STDV Population Error Limit Coef.of.var
45 166 2.84 1.70 3 1.64 3.21 0.0170
80 205 2.75 1.34 3 1.59 3.11 0.0134
Page 8
Cumulative Production (gm)Measured Production (gm)
Carbon Dioxide Production of Inoculum + Test Material
Cumulative Production of CO2 of Sample + Inoculum
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
day
CO
2 p
rod
ucti
on
(g
m)
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Reactor 3
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Cellulose Sample Polyethylene Inoculum
0 0 0 0 0
3 34 18 8 8
7 82 46 16 16
10 100 64 21 21
14 116 83 28 27
17 126 100 32 32
21 138 117 38 38
24 146 127 43 43
31 159 142 50 49
38 170 156 58 56
45 180 166 65 62
52 188 175 71 68
59 195 184 76 74
66 201 191 83 80
73 208 198 89 86
80 213 205 94 91
Page 9
Mean Cumulative Carbon Dioxide Production in Reactors
Carbon Dioxide Production (grams)
Mean Cumulative Carbon Dioxide Production in Reactors
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
CO
2 p
roduction (
gm
)
Cellulose
Sample
Polyethylene
Inoculum
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Cellulose Sample Polyethylene
Day gm gm gm Day Cellulose Sample Polyethylene
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 7.05 2.57 0.00 3 17 6 0.00
7 18.06 8.02 -0.05 7 43 20 -0.05
10 21.55 11.63 0.01 10 52 28 0.01
14 24.25 15.28 0.11 14 58 37 0.12
17 25.71 18.56 0.08 17 62 45 0.09
21 27.24 21.62 0.08 21 65 53 0.09
24 28.07 22.87 0.08 24 67 56 0.09
31 29.87 25.32 0.08 31 71 62 0.09
38 31.15 27.18 0.66 38 75 66 0.77
45 32.23 28.42 0.66 45 77 69 0.77
52 32.74 29.14 0.66 52 78 71 0.77
59 33.05 29.91 0.66 59 79 73 0.77
66 33.07 30.27 0.66 66 79 74 0.77
73 33.14 30.54 0.66 73 79 75 0.77
80 33.24 30.96 0.66 80 80 76 0.77
Total Carbon
Cellulose Sample Polyethylene
41.80 40.99 85.60 Carbon (g) / 100 g
Page 10
Cumulative Added Carbon Converted to CO2 in Reactors (mean of three)
Percent Converted
Percent Carbon Converted to CO2
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
% C
convert
ed
Cellulose
Sample
Polyethylene
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Amount of Carbon Converted to Carbon Dioxide
Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
Day % converted
0 0
3 37
7 45
10 55
14 64
17 74
21 81
24 83
31 86
38 89
45 90
52 91
59 92
66 93
73 94
80 95
Page 11
(as compared to cellulose as positive control)
Percent Carbon Converted Using Cellulose as Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
day
% C
convert
ed
% converted
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Day Cellulose Sample Polyethylene Inoculum
0 0 0 0 0
3 8.24 4.26 1.98 1.97
7 10.27 5.21 2.32 1.64
10 6.99 3.95 1.70 1.32
14 8.44 4.75 2.57 1.41
17 7.57 3.81 1.94 1.35
21 4.58 3.94 1.46 1.58
24 4.86 4.99 1.28 1.29
31 3.62 3.20 1.31 1.10
38 3.42 3.24 1.67 1.05
45 2.80 2.58 1.15 0.87
52 2.56 2.43 1.29 0.85
59 2.21 2.15 1.41 0.87
66 2.21 2.08 1.27 0.87
73 2.07 1.58 0.97 0.86
80 2.13 1.66 1.36 0.91
Page 12
Oxygen Consumption (grams per day)
Mean Oxygen Consumption in Reactors
Oxygen Consumption of Reactor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 20 40 60 80 100
Day
gra
ms p
er
day
Cellulose
Sample
Polyethylene
Inoculum
Soil Control Lab Work Order Number SCL - 9070001
42 Hangar Way Batch Jun 2009
Watsonville, CA 95076 Code: ASTM 6400
Plant Growth Study
Cucumber
Germination Height
Init. Dilution.(sample:vermiculite) v/v 10 : 1 10 : 1
# Seeds per pot 15 15
# of replicates 3 3
Percent Average
% STDEV (Less than 20) 14 2
% of Control (Greater than 90) 90 99
Pass/Fail PASS PASS
Turf Mix
Germination Height
Init. Dilution.(sample:vermiculite) v/v 10 : 1 10 : 1
# Seeds per pot 30 30
# of replicates 3 3
Percent Average
% STDEV (Less than 20) 6 3
% of Control (Greater than 90) 98 109
Pass/Fail PASS PASS
Description of Test:
Germination and vigor of the seeds planted were reported against the
positive control and reported as percent of the positive control. The pots used were
cups with clear plastic cover. This to hold in moisture reducing the need to water and
possible leaching of phytotoxins and to hold and concentrate any volitile toxins around
the growing plant. Because compost is not a good potting soil due to excessive salts
and nutrients several dilutions of the two mixes (sample and positive controll -cellulose)
were made. Triplicate of each of the dilutions and another set of plain vermiculite
were all seeded. Vermiculite was used as a negative control to make sure the dilution
media was suitable. Test procedure is taken from the TMECC for the testing of phytotoxins .
in compost materials. Also adapting interpretation from OECD "Terrestrial Plant Test".
Plants were monitored during the two weeks growth.
The most concentrated dilution of the positive control that produced the best growth was
used when interpretating the results.
Page 13