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Objective 2.4 – Assessment

Submitted by:Topical Team Leaders – John Luckner, Ed.D. and Sandy Bowen, Ph.D.

Nature of Science

Standard 11: Understands the nature of scientific knowledge

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that an experiment must be repeated many times and yield

consistent results before the results are accepted as correct_____2. Understands the nature of scientific explanations (e.g., use of logically

consistent arguments; emphasis on evidence; use of scientific principles, models, and theories; acceptance or displacement of explanations based on new scientific evidence)

_____3. Knows that all scientific ideas are tentative and subject to change and

improvement in principle, but for most core ideas in science, there is much experimental and

observational confirmation

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows ways in which science distinguishes itself from other ways of

knowing and from other bodies of knowledge (e.g., use of empirical standards, logical arguments, skepticism)

_____ 2. Knows that scientific explanations must meet certain criteria to be considered valid (e.g., they must be consistent with experimental and observational evidence about nature, make accurate predictions about systems being studied, be logical, respect the rules of evidence, be open to criticism, report methods and procedures, make a commitment to making knowledge public)

_____ 3. Understands how scientific knowledge changes and accumulates over time (e.g., all scientific knowledge is subject to change as new evidence becomes available; some scientific ideas are incomplete and opportunity exists in these areas for new advances; theories are continually tested, revised, and occasionally discarded)

_____ 4. Knows that from time to time, major shifts occur in the scientific view of how the world works, but usually the changes that take place in the body of scientific knowledge are small modifications of prior knowledge

Standard 12: Understands the nature of scientific inquiry

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that there is no fixed procedure called "the scientific method,"

but that investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected, relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and some imagination in developing hypotheses and explanations

_____2. Understands that questioning, response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process of science (e.g., scientists often differ with one another about the interpretation of evidence or theory in areas where there is not a great deal of understanding; scientists acknowledge conflicting interpretations and work towards finding evidence that will resolve the disagreement)

_____3. Designs and conducts a scientific investigation (e.g., formulates hypotheses, designs and executes investigations, interprets data, synthesizes evidence into explanations, proposes alternative explanations for observations, critiques explanations and procedures)

_____4. Knows that observations can be affected by bias (e.g., strong beliefs about what should happen in particular circumstances can prevent the detection of other results)

_____5. Uses appropriate tools (including computer hardware and software) and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret scientific data

_____6. Establishes relationships based on evidence and logical argument (e.g., provides causes for effects)

_____7. Knows that scientific inquiry includes evaluating results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical and mathematical models, and explanations proposed by other scientists (e.g., reviewing experimental procedures, examining evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, identifying statements that go beyond the evidence, suggesting alternative explanations)

_____8. Knows possible outcomes of scientific investigations (e.g., some may result in new ideas and phenomena for study; some may generate new methods or procedures for an investigation; some may result in the development of new technologies to improve the collection of data; some may lead to new investigations)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Understands the use of hypotheses in science (e.g., selecting and

narrowing the focus of data, determining additional data to be gathered; guiding the interpretation of data)

_____ 2. Designs and conducts scientific investigations (e.g., formulates testable hypotheses; identifies and clarifies the method, controls, and variables; organizes, displays, and analyzes data; revises methods and explanations; presents results; receives critical response from others)

_____ 3. Knows that, when conditions of an investigation cannot be controlled, it may be necessary to discern patterns by observing a wide range of natural occurrences

_____ 4. Uses technology (e.g., hand tools, measuring instruments, calculators, computers) and mathematics (e.g., measurement, formulas, charts, graphs) to perform accurate scientific investigations and communications

_____ 5. Knows that conceptual principles and knowledge guide scientific inquiries; historical and current scientific knowledge influence the

design and interpretation of investigations and the evaluation of proposed explanations made by other scientists

_____ 6. Knows that scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons (e.g., to discover new aspects of the natural world, to explain recently observed phenomena, to test the conclusions of prior investigations, to test the predictions of current theories)

_____ 7. Knows that investigations and public communication among scientists must meet certain criteria in order to result in new knowledge and methods (e.g., arguments must be logical and demonstrate connections between natural phenomena, investigations, and the historical body of scientific knowledge; the methods and procedures used to obtain evidence must be clearly reported to enhance opportunities for further investigation)

Standard 13: Understands the scientific enterprise

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that people of all backgrounds and with diverse interests, talents,

qualities, and motivations engage in fields of science and engineering; some of these people work in teams and others work alone, but all communicate extensively with others

_____2. Knows that the work of science requires a variety of human abilities,

qualities, and habits of mind (e.g., reasoning, insight, energy, skill, creativity, intellectual

honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, openness to new ideas)

_____3. Knows various settings in which scientists and engineers may work (e.g., colleges and universities, businesses and industries, research institutes, government agencies)

_____4. Understands ethics associated with scientific study (e.g., potential subjects must be fully informed of the risks and benefits associated with the research and their right to refuse to participate; potential subjects must be fully informed of possible risks to community and property)

_____5. Knows that throughout history, many scientific innovators have had difficulty breaking through accepted ideas of their time to reach conclusions that are now considered to be common knowledge

_____6. Knows ways in which science and society influence one another (e.g., scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientists influence the way many individuals think about themselves, others, and the environment; societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research; social and economic forces strongly influence which science research programs are pursued and funded)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)

_____ 1. Knows that, throughout history, diverse cultures have developed scientific ideas and solved human problems through technology

_____ 2. Understands that individuals and teams contribute to science and engineering at different levels of complexity (e.g., an individual may conduct basic field studies; hundreds of people may work together on a major scientific question or technological problem)

_____ 3. Understands the ethical traditions associated with the scientific enterprise (e.g., commitment to peer review, truthful reporting about the methods and outcomes of investigations, publication of the results of work) and that scientists who violate these traditions are censored by their peers

_____ 4. Knows that science and technology are essential social enterprises, but alone they can only indicate what can happen, not what should happen

_____ 5. Understands that science involves different types of work in many different disciplines (e.g., scientists in different disciplines ask different questions, use different methods of investigation, and accept different types of evidence to support their explanations; many scientific investigations require the contributions of individuals from different disciplines; new disciplines of science, such as geophysics and biochemistry, often emerge at the interface of older disciplines)

_____ 6. Knows that creativity, imagination, and a good knowledge base are all required in the work of science and engineering

Unifying Themes (Pennsylvania, PA)

Standard 14: Apply concepts of systems, subsystems, feedback and control to solve complex technological problems (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Apply knowledge of control systems concept by designing and modeling

control systems that solve specific problems_____ 2. Apply systems analysis to predict results_____ 3. Analyze and describe the function, interaction and relationship among

subsystems and the system itself_____ 4. Compare and contrast several systems that could be applied to solve a

single problem_____ 5. Evaluate the causes of a system’s inefficiency

Standard 15: Apply concepts of models as a method to predict and understand science and technology (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Evaluate technological processes by collecting data and applying

mathematical models (e.g., process control)_____ 2. Apply knowledge of complex physical models to interpret data and

apply mathematical models

_____ 3. Appraise the importance of computer models in interpreting science and technological systems

Standard 16: Assess and apply patterns in science and technology (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Assess and apply recurring patterns in natural and technological systems_____ 2. Compare and contrast structure and function relationships as they relate

to patterns_____ 3. Assess patterns in nature using mathematical formulas

Standard 17: Analyze scale as a way of relating concepts and ideas to one another by some measure (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Compare and contrast various forms of dimensional analysis_____ 2. Assess the use of several units of measurement to the same problem_____ 3. Analyze and apply appropriate measurement scales when collecting data

Standard 18: Evaluate change in nature, physical systems and man made systems (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Evaluate fundamental science and technology concepts and their

development over time (e.g., DNA, cellular respiration, unified field theory, energy measurement, automation, miniaturization, Copernican and Ptolemaic universe theories)

_____ 2. Analyze how models, systems and technologies have changed over time (e.g., germ theory, theory of evolution, solar system, cause of fire)

_____ 3. Explain how correlation of variables does not necessarily imply causation

_____ 4. Evaluate the patterns of change within a technology (e.g., changes in engineering in the automotive industry)

Technology Standards and Benchmarks

Standard 1: Knows the characteristics and uses of computer hardware and operating systems

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows the differing capacities and trade-offs for computer storage media,

such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, hard disks, and tape drives

_____2. Types with some facility, demonstrating some memorization of keys

_____3. Connects via modem to other computer users via the internet, an on-line service, or bulletin board system

_____4. Knows basic characteristics and functions of an operating system

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows of significant advances in computers and peripherals (e.g., data

scanners, digital cameras)_____ 2. Uses a variety of input devices (e.g., keyboard, scanner, voice/sound

recorders, mouse, touch screen)_____ 3. Knows limitations and trade-offs of various types of hardware (e.g.,

laptops, notebooks, modems)_____ 4. Identifies malfunctions and problems in hardware (e.g., hard drive crash,

monitor burn-out)_____ 5. Knows features and uses of current and emerging technology related to

computing (e.g., optical character recognition, sound processing, cable TV, cellular phones, ABS brakes)

Standard 2: Knows the characteristics and uses of computer software programs

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Uses advanced features and utilities of word processors (e.g., uses clip

art, a spell-checker, grammar checker, thesaurus, outliner)_____2. Knows the common features and uses of desktop publishing software

(e.g., documents are created, designed, and formatted for publication; data, graphics, and scanned images can be imported into a document using desktop software)

_____3. Knows the common features and uses of spreadsheets (e.g., data is entered in cells identified by row and column; formulas can be used to update solutions automatically; spreadsheets are used in print form, such as look-up tables, and electronic form, such as to track business profit and loss)

_____4. Uses a spreadsheet to update, add, and delete data, and to write and execute valid formulas on data

_____5. Uses boolean searches to execute complex searches on a data base

Pennsylvania Standards 3.7.7.A, B, EA. Describe the safe and appropriate use of tools, materials and techniques to answer questions and solve problems._____1. Identify uses of tools, machines, materials, information, people, money,

energy and time that meet specific design criteria._____2. Describe safe procedures for using tools and materials._____3. Assess materials for appropriateness of use

B. Use appropriate instruments and apparatus to study materials.

_____1. Select appropriate instruments to measure the size, weight, shape and temperature of living and non-living objects.

_____2. Apply knowledge of different measurement systems to measure and record objects’ properties.

_____E. Explain basic computer communications systems._____1. Describe the organization and functions of the basic parts that make up

the World Wide Web._____2. Apply advanced electronic mail functions._____3. Apply basic on-line research techniques to solve a specific problem.

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Understands the uses of listservs, usenet newsreaders, and bulletin board

systems_____ 2. Knows how to import, export, and merge data stored in different formats

(e.g., text, graphics)_____ 3. Knows how to import and export text, data, and graphics between

software programs_____ 4. Identifies some advanced features of software products (e.g., galleries,

templates, macros, mail merge)_____ 5. Uses desktop publishing software to create a variety of publications

Standard 3: Understands the relationships among science, technology, society, and the individual

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that scientific inquiry and technological design have similarities

and differences (e.g., scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world that are always tentative and evolving, and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations; both science and technology depend on accurate scientific information and they cannot contravene scientific laws)

_____2. Knows that science cannot answer all questions and technology cannot solve all human problems or meet all human needs

_____3. Knows ways in which technology has influenced the course of history (e.g., revolutions in agriculture, manufacturing, sanitation, medicine, warfare, transportation, information processing, communication)

_____4. Knows that technology and science have a reciprocal relationship (e.g., technology drives science, as it provides the means to access outer space and remote locations, collect and treat samples, collect, measure, store, and compute data, and communicate information; science drives technology, as it provides principles for better instrumentation and techniques, and the means to address questions that demand more sophisticated instruments)

_____5. Knows ways in which technology and society influence one another (e.g., new products and processes for society are developed through

technology; technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes; technology is influenced by social needs, attitudes, values, and limitations, and cultural backgrounds and beliefs)

_____6. Knows examples of copyright violations and computer fraud (e.g., computer hacking, computer piracy, intentional virus setting, invasion of privacy) and possible penalties (e.g., large fines, jail sentences)

_____7. Knows ways technology is used to protect the environment and prevent damage caused by nature (e.g., new building technologies protect cities from earthquakes, bacteria are used in cleaning water)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows that science and technology are pursued for different purposes

(e.g., scientific inquiry is driven by the desire to understand the natural world and seeks to answer questions that may or may not directly influence humans; technology is driven by the need to meet human needs and solve human problems)

_____ 2. Knows ways in which social and economic forces influence which technologies will be developed and used (e.g., cultural and personal values, consumer acceptance, patent laws, availability of risk capital, the federal budget, local and national regulations, media attention, economic competition, tax incentives)

_____ 3. Knows that alternatives, risks, costs, and benefits must be considered when deciding on proposals to introduce new technologies or to curtail existing ones (e.g., Are there alternative ways to achieve the same ends? Who benefits and who suffers? What are the financial and social costs and who bears them? How serious are the risks and who is in jeopardy? What resources will be needed and where will they come from?)

_____ 4. Knows that technological knowledge is often not made public because of patents and the financial potential of the idea or invention; scientific knowledge is made public through presentations at professional meetings and publications in scientific journals

_____ 5. Knows examples of advanced and emerging technologies (e.g., virtual environment, personal digital assistants, voice recognition software) and how they could impact society

_____ 6. Observes common courtesies and acceptable use policies while telecomputing

_____ 7. Knows that mathematics, creativity, logic, and originality are all needed to improve technology

_____ 8. Knows the role of technology in a variety of careers_____ 9. Knows that the rate of technological development and diffusion is

increasing rapidly, even though individual technologies may be developed at a slow pace due to technical difficulties or consumer resistance

_____10. Knows that technology can benefit the environment by providing scientific information, providing new solutions to older problems, and

reducing the negative consequences of existing technology (e.g., monitoring a habitat or measuring greenhouse gases, improving renewable energy sources, and creating scrubbers to improve coal-burning facilities)

Standard 4: Understands the nature of technological designLevel III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that the design process is a slow, methodical process of test and

refinement_____2. Knows that the design process relies on different strategies: creative

brainstorming to establish many design solutions, evaluating the feasibility of various solutions in order to choose a design, and troubleshooting the selected design

_____3. Identifies appropriate problems which can be solved using technological design (e.g., identifies a specific need, considers its various aspects, considers criteria for a suitable product)

_____4. Designs a solution or product, taking into account needs and constraints (e.g., cost, time, trade-offs, properties of materials, safety, aesthetics)

_____5. Implements a proposed design (e.g., organizes materials and other resources, plans one's work, makes use of group collaboration when appropriate, chooses suitable tools and techniques, works with appropriate measurement methods to ensure accuracy)

_____6. Evaluates the ability of a technological design to meet criteria established in the original purpose (e.g., considers factors that might affect acceptability and suitability for intended users or beneficiaries; develop measures of quality with respect to these factors), suggests improvements, and tries proposed modifications

_____7. Understands that nonphysical objects (e.g., software) and physical objects (e.g., a telephone) are both subject to the design process

_____8. Knows that invention is the process of creating a new system or object out of an idea while innovation is the process of modifying an existing system or object to improve it (e.g., the specialization of function of a subsystem)

Pennsylvania Standard 3.6.7.CC. Explain physical technologies of structural design, analysis and engineering,

personnel relations, financial affairs, structural production, marketing, research and design.

_____1. Use knowledge of material effectiveness to solve specific construction problems (e.g., steel vs. wood bridges).

_____2. Differentiate among the different types of construction applications (e.g., microwave tower, power plants, aircrafts)

_____3. Explain basic material processes that manufactured objects undergo during production. (e.g., separating, forming, combining).

_____4. Evaluate a construction activity by specifying task analyses and necessary resources.

_____5. Explain the relationships among the basic resources needed in the production process for a specific manufactured object.

_____6. Explain the difference between design engineering and production engineering processes.

_____7. Analyze manufacturing steps that affect waste and pollutants._____8. Explain transportation technologies of propelling, structuring,

suspending, guiding, controlling and supporting._____9. Identify and explain the workings of several mechanical power systems._____10. Model and explain examples of vehicular propulsion, control, guidance,

structure and suspension systems._____11. Explain the limitations of land, marine, air and space transportation

systems.

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows that an optimal solution to a design problem is more likely to be

found when the process followed is systematic and repetitive_____ 2. Proposes designs and uses models, simulations, and other tests to choose

an optimal solution_____ 3. Implements a proposed solution (e.g., constructs artifacts for intended

users or beneficiaries)_____ 4. Evaluates a designed solution and its consequences based on the needs

or criteria the solution was designed to meet_____ 5. Knows that since there is no such thing as a perfect design, trade-offs of

one criterion for another must occur to find an optimized solution_____ 6. Knows that a design involves different design factors (e.g., ergonomics,

maintenance and repair, environmental concerns) and design principles (e.g., flexibility, proportion, function)

Standard 5: Understands the nature and operation of systems

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Knows that a system can include processes as well as components_____2. Knows how part of a system can provide feedback when its output (in

the form of material, energy, or information) becomes input for another part of the system

_____3. Identifies the elements, structure, sequence, operation, and control of systems

_____4. Assembles and disassembles systems to manage, control, and improve their performance (e.g., a computer program, a simple machine based on a pulley mechanism)

_____5. Knows that systems are usually linked to other systems, both internally and externally, and can contain subsystems as well as operate as subsystems

_____6. Knows that an open-loop system (e.g., a microwave as a heating system) has no feedback and requires human intervention, where a closed-loop

system (e.g., a household heating system with a thermostat) uses feedback

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows that a system usually has some properties that are different from

those of its parts, but appear because of the interaction of those parts_____ 2. Knows that understanding how things work and designing solutions to

problems of almost any kind can be facilitated by systems thinking, which employs mathematical modeling and simulation

_____ 3. Knows that in defining a system, it is important to specify its boundaries and subsystems, indicate its relation to other systems, and identify what its input and its output are expected to be

_____ 4. Knows how feedback can be used to help monitor, control, and stabilize the operation of a system

_____ 5. Knows that even in simple systems, accurate prediction of the effect of changing some part of the system is not always possible

_____ 6. Constructs and operates systems (e.g., organizes and adjusts subsystems) _____ 7. Knows that complex systems are subject to failure and are designed with

various elements and procedures (e.g., performance testing, overdesign, redundancy, more controls) that help reduce system failure

_____ 8. Knows that systems are embedded within larger systems, including technological, social, and environmental systems

Standard 6: Understands the nature and uses of different forms of technology

Level III (Grade 6-8)_____1. Understands ways in which medical technology improves the quality of

health care (e.g., advanced diagnosing equipment, increased hospital sanitation)

_____2. Knows ways in which biotechnology results in benefits for humans, including more convenience, less labor, improved health and medicine, and improved food

_____3. Knows that most technological systems require an input of energy, which is an important consideration both in designing an object or a system and in conserving energy (e.g., so many things require energy that alternative sources to fossil fuels should be used when possible)

_____4. Knows the components of a communication system (i.e., a source, encoder, transmitter, receiver, decoder, and destination)

_____5. Knows that individual transportation vehicles contain several subsystems (e.g., structural, propulsion, control)

_____6. Knows that manufacturing processes use hand tools, human-operated machines, and automated machines to separate, form, combine, and condition natural and synthetic materials; these changes may either be physical or chemical

_____7. Knows that construction design is influenced by factors such as building laws and codes, style, convenience, cost, climate, and function

Pennsylvania Standard 3.6.7.AA. Explain biotechnologies that relate to related technologies of propagating,

growing, maintaining, adapting, treating and converting._____1. Identify the environmental, societal and economic impacts that waste

has in the environment._____2. Identify and explain the impact that a specific medical advancement has

had on society._____3. Explain the factors that were taken into consideration when a specific

object was designed._____4. Define and describe how fuels and energy can be generated through the

process of biomass conversion._____5. Identify and group basic plant and animal production processes. explain

the impact that agricultural science has had on biotechnology.

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Knows that genetic engineering is the process by which controlled

changes in a genetic structure can be made and that this process is used to research and diagnose disease and create pharmaceuticals

_____ 2. Knows that biotechnology is used in a variety of areas (e.g., agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, fuels and energy, the environment, genetic engineering) and requires specific scientific knowledge about the natural system being modified

_____ 3. Understands scientific principles of energy, work, and power in relation to technological design (e.g., the Second Law of Thermodynamics means that a system cannot be designed which is 100% efficient)

_____ 4. Knows that power systems (i.e., systems which convert energy from one form to another) have a source of energy, a process, loads, and some have a feedback system

_____ 5. Knows that communication systems can transfer information from person to person (e.g., a telephone), person to machine (e.g., a person inputting information into a computer), or machine to machine (e.g., an automated payroll system where the record of the money goes from one computer to another)

_____ 6. Knows that modern transportation systems are diverse (allowing humans to combine types of transportation for the most direct and convenient route), intelligent (requiring coordinated subsystems, such as a traffic light system), and are necessary in the functioning of most other technologies

_____ 7. Knows that there are different types of manufacturing systems (customized, batch, and continuous production) and manufacturing results in two different types of goods, durable and non-durable

_____ 8. Knows different requirements for structural design (e.g., strength, maintenance, appearance) and that these structures require maintenance.

Technology Education (PA)

Standard 7: Analyze biotechnologies that relate to propagating, growing, maintaining, adapting, treating and converting (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Analyze and solve a complex production process problem using

biotechnologies (e.g., hydroponics, fish farming, crop propagation)_____ 2. Analyze specific examples where engineering has impacted society in

protection, personal health application or physical enhancement_____ 3. Appraise and evaluate the cause and effect and subsequent

environmental, economic and societal impacts that result from biomass and biochemical conversion

_____ 4. Evaluate and apply biotechnical processes to complex plant and animal production methods

_____ 5. Apply knowledge of biochemical-related technologies to propose alternatives to hazardous waste treatment.

_____ 6. Apply knowledge of agricultural science to solve or improve a biochemical related problem

Standard 8: Analyze knowledge of information technologies of processes encoding, transmitting, receiving, storing, retrieving and decoding (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Apply and analyze advanced information techniques to produce a

complex image that effectively conveys a message (e.g., desktop publishing, audio and/or video production)

_____ 2. Analyze and evaluate a message designed and produced using still, motion and animated communication techniques

_____ 3. Describe the operation of fiber optic, microwave and satellite informational systems

_____ 4. Apply various graphic and electronic information techniques to solve real world problems (e.g., data organization and analysis, forecasting, interpolation)

Standard 9: Analyze physical technologies of structural design, analysis and engineering, personnel relations, financial affairs, structural production, marketing, research and design to real world problems (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Apply knowledge of construction technology by designing, planning and

applying all the necessary resources to successfully solve a construction problem

_____ 2. Compare resource options in solving a specific manufacturing problem

_____ 3. Analyze and apply complex skills needed to process materials in complex manufacturing enterprises

_____ 4. Apply advanced information collection and communication techniques to successfully convey solutions to specific construction problems

_____ 5. Assess the importance of capital on specific construction applications_____ 6. Analyze the positive and negative qualities of several different types of

materials as they would relate to specific construction applications_____ 7. Analyze transportation technologies of propelling, structuring,

suspending, guiding, controlling and supporting_____ 8. Analyze the concepts of vehicular propulsion, guidance, control,

suspension and structural systems while designing and producing specific complex transportation systems

Technological Devices (PA)

Standard 10: Apply advanced tools, materials and techniques to answer complex questions (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Demonstrate the safe use of complex tools and machines within their

specifications_____ 2. Select and safely apply appropriate tools, materials and processes

necessary to solve complex problems that could result in more than one solution

_____ 3. Evaluate and use technological resources to solve complex multi-step problems

Standard 11: Evaluate appropriate instruments and apparatus to accurately measure materials and processes (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Apply and evaluate the use of appropriate instruments to accurately

measure scientific and technologic phenomena within the error limits of the equipment

_____ 2. Evaluate the appropriate use of different measurement scales (macro and micro)

_____ 3. Evaluate the utility and advantages of a variety of absolute and relative measurement scales for their appropriate application

Standard 12: Evaluate computer operations and concepts as to their effectiveness to solve specific problems (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Describe and demonstrate atypical software installation_____ 2. Analyze and solve hardware and advanced software problems_____ 3. Assess and apply multiple input and output devices to solve specific

problems

Standard 13: Assess the effectiveness of computer communications systems (PA)

Level IV (Grade 9-12)_____ 1. Assess the effectiveness of a computer based communications system_____ 2. Transfer files among different computer platforms_____ 3. Analyze the effectiveness of on-line information resources to meet the

needs for collaboration, research, publications, communications and productivity

_____ 4. Apply knowledge of protocol standards to solve connectivity problems