processors (cpu)

Unit 02 – Computer Systems

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell

Central Processing Units

This Lesson….Recap of motherboards


End of the Lesson…Be able to explain what a processor doesExplain why we use cache Explain Threads and Hyper-Threading

Sizes of motherboard?


Motherboard Chip Set

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

1 2

Motherboard Buses



1 2 3

4 5

67

8

910 11

12


1 2 3

4 5

678

910 11

12

Motherboard Connectors and cables


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Processors


Gigabyte Z97X-SOC Force Intel Z97 (Socket 1150)CPU Support Supports 4th Gen Intel® Core™ / Pentium® / Celeron®

processors for LGA 1150 socket

Chipset Intel Z97

Memory Support 4 x DDR3 DIMMs 1066/ 1333/ 1600/ 1866(OC)/ 2133(OC)/2400(OC)/ 2666(OC)/ 2800(OC)/ 3000(OC) up to 32GB max

Multi-GPU Support

Support for 4-Way CrossfireSupport for 2-Way SLI

Display Outputs 1 x HDMI port1 x DisplayPort1 x DVI-I Port1 x Dsub port

Expansion Slots 1 x PCI Express x16 slots, running at x161 x PCI Express x16 slots, running at x82 x PCI Express x16 slots, running at x41 x PCI Express x1 slot2x PCI slot

Storage 6 x SATA 6Gb/s connectorsRAID 0, 1, 5, 10SATA Express

Networking 1 x Qualcomm® Atheros Killer E2201 chip (10/100/1000 Mbit)

Audio Realtek ALC 1150 - 8 Channel HD Audio

Connectivity 2 USB 2.0 (Headers)2 USB 3.0 (Headers)4 USB 3.0 Rear Ports4 USB 2.0 Rear Ports

Form Factor ATX Form Factor

Warranty 3 Year Manufacturer Warranty

Processors


CPU stands for Central Processing Unit

Does 3 basic tasks inside a computer

• Can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

• A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another.

• A microprocessor can make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions.

Processors (Page 21)


Runs constantly in a cycle called the fetch-execute cycle

Fetch

Decode

Execute

The first step the CPU carries out is to fetch some data from main memory and store it in its own internal memory cache. This is the ‘fetch’ part of the cycle.

The next step is for the CPU to make sense of the data its just fetched. This process is called ‘decode’ The decoded data is known as an instruction. Its tell the processor to do something

The next part of the cycle is when processing actually takes place. The instruction is carried out or ‘executed’

Once a instruction is executed the processer set itself up to do another cycle.

Processors


The clock speed is measured in hertz (Hz) and is how many fetch-execute cycles the processor can

preform per second.

A clock speed of 500Hz would mean 500 cycles per second. A 3GHz processor can complete 3 billion

cycles every second.

Faster clock speed = more calculations = faster computer

Processors are measured in Hertz

Processors – Bottlenecks and Cache (Page 22)


We use cache memory because the CPU needs fast access to data. If we were to use system memory the system would ‘bottleneck’ and be too slow. Think of it as a 4 lane motorway that suddenly changes to a single lane. The car would need to slow



Cache Memory

There are 3 levels of Cache Memory

L1 cache

L2 cache

L3 cache

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

The number referrers to how close each of these is to the CPU

Level 1 L1 cache is located on the CPU itself and run as the same speed as the CPU, but it has a low capacity

Level 2 L2 cache is located on the CPU module and run just slower then the speed as the CPU, but it has large capacity

Level 3 L3 cache is located on the motherboard and runs a lot slower then the speed as the CPU, but it has the largest capacity of any level



Clock speeds of processors are reaching the limit, we cannot get any more

speed from them without generating a lot of heat.

We can have processors with more then 1 core. A core being the CPU. A

duel-core CPU has 2 cores working together. These processors will share

a cache

Both CPU’s can perform fetch-execute cycle speeding up time

32 or 64bits

There are 2 types of processor 32 and 64 bit. The number indicates how big a ‘chuck’ of data they can process at a time.

64-bit processors can process bigger chucks of data at a time, making them quick

Processors – Threads and Hyper-Threading (Page 25)


Processors – Threads and Hyper-Threading (Page 26)


Processors


Intel Core i5-3570 3.40GHz

- 3.40GHz- Cores: 4- Threads: 4- Frequency: 3.40 GHz (Turbo Mode 3.80GHz)- Cache: 6 MB shared L3- Memory Controller: Dual channel DDR3 1333/1600/1600+ MHz- TDP: 77W- Socket: LGA1155- Compatible with Socket 1156 heat sinks

processors (cpu)

Technology

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cache page

processors page

processors threads