assessing climate change mitigation benefits to support ... · assessing climate change mitigation...
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Assessing Climate Change Mitigation Benefits to Support CSA Programming
UWE GREWER (FAO) - LOUIS BOCKEL (FAO) - MARTIAL BERNOUX (IRD) -
WWW.FAO.ORG/TC/EXACT
Examples from past and present experiences with the FAO EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Climate Change is affecting agriculture, but
also…
AFOLU is... • ... the second largest contributor to GHG emissions
• With Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) contributing about 24% of global emissions in 2010 (IPCC, 5th AR)
• With Agriculture as opposed to Forestry & Land Use contributing roughly equal shares of 12%
• Lower income countries mainly contributing emissions through their AFOLU sectors
Agriculture and climate change
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• In the past: Limited interest in quantifying mitigation benefits of AFOLU sector development programmes
• Structural and consequent mitigation assessments as most common in the forestry sector (e.g. REDD+)
• More recently: mitigation impacts as increasingly relevant indicator for funding agencies and governments o GEF-6 Climate change tracking tool
o Increased voluntary assessments by bi-and multilateral funds as well as NGOs
o INDC process by governments
Current practices of considering mitigation impacts in AFOLU
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• High technical complexity: o Wide range of emission processes concerning N2O, CH4
and CO2
o High level of context specificity
o High level of uncertainty of estimates
o Some mitigation benefits are potentially reversible
o High cost implications of MRV systems, and specifically field measurements
Technical aspects of climate change mitigation assessments in AFOLU
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• An Excel based tool • Quantifying the amount of
GHG released or sequestered from activities in the AFOLU sectors
• Assisting to identify practices with beneficial mitigation impacts
• Can be used by non-specialists and requiring low data inputs
What is EX-ACT
Available in 7 languages
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• Quantification of the expected development of practice and activities in the AFOLU sector for two scenarios: o A “business-as-usual” scenario -> in absence of any intervention o A “policy/project scenario” -> strengthening targeted & sustainable
development
• Examples of main practices and activities: o afforestation, improved cropland management, grassland
rehabilitation, livestock management practices, quantities of agricultural inputs and fuels
• No GHG measurements or emission factors are required – though both can be used when available
Data for carbon balance analyses
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Specify priority actions for project monitoring
Main uses of EX-ACT
Quantify overall project GHG impact
Identify main emission and mitigation sources
Elaborate options for strengthening mitigation benefits in synergy with other CSA objectives
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Case Study: EX-Ante GHG Assessment of the IFAD Family Farming Development Programme in Niger • Project interventions:
o Focusing on food security, nutrition and resilience of 290,000 households
o Main objectives: • Reinforcement of sustainable family farming
systems • Improved market access for smallholder farmers
Strengthening Project Design with EX-ACT
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Ex-ante project targets with GHG impacts
Assisted Natural Regeneration on agricultural land
190,000 ha
Cropland Rehabilitation using Shallow Pits (“Demis Lunes”)
13,586 ha
Improved Cropland Management
19,000 ha impacted through Farmer Field Schools
10,130 ha adopting flood recession cropping
Pasture Rehabilitation
2,500 ha
Living Hedges
400 ha
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Ex-Ante estimated GHG impacts
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Total GHG benefits (tCO2-eq)
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
1.5 1.9
1.2
0.4 0.9
4.5
Annual GHG benefits per ha (t CO2-eq/ha yr)
Total GHG benefits (tCO2-eq)
Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR)
5523966
190,000 ha Demis Lunes 508116
13,586 ha Farmer Field Schools 468160
19,000 ha Flood recession cropping 89144
10,130 ha Pasture Rehabilitation 45467
2,500 ha Living Hedges 35761
400 ha
Total GHG benefits 6670614
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Priority actions for project monitoring:
• Actually realized scale of ANR & Demis Lunes
• Actually realized tree density
• Refined analysis on soil carbon dynamics and permanence using field soil data
EX-ACT Appraisal Results
PRODAF carbon balance:
• Total mitigation benefits of 6.7 million t CO2-e over 20 years
Biggest mitigation sources:
• Impact strength (per ha): living hedges
• Total mitigation benefits: 1st: ANR; 2nd: Demis Lunes
First options for strengthening mitigation benefits:
• Economic availability of tree seedlings (adoption barrier)
• Addressing rural energy scarcity (firewood demand)
• Making sustainable mgmt. permanent (land tenure?)
EX-ACT TEAM:
UWE GREWER (FAO): [email protected]
LOUIS BOCKEL (FAO): [email protected]
MARTIAL BERNOUX (IRD): [email protected]
WB FOCAL POINT: ADEMOLA BRAIMOH
WEBSITE: WWW.FAO.ORG/TC/EXACT
EMAIL: [email protected]
THANK YOU !