asphalt presentation
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Visit www.civilax.com for more Civil Engineering Downloads.TRANSCRIPT
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 1
Types & Uses of Asphalt Materials
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 2
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 3
BitumenBitumen
Tar(from coal)• road tar• coal tar
Asphalt Binder (from petroleum
crude)• asphaltic bitumen• asphaltic binder
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 4
• Asphalt binders and tar – Both are bitumen materials. – are used interchangeable due to misconceptions
resulting from their similarity in appearance and in the parallel applications.
– However, Both are two distinctly different materials with different origins and different physical and chemical characteristics.
– Asphalt binders is a dark brown to black cementitious material that is either naturally occurring or is produced by petroleum distillation.
– Tar, on the other hand, is primarily manufactured from the destructive distillation of coal and has a very distinctive odor.
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 5
• Today, Tar Hardly used in Paving applications
– High temperature susceptibility
– Health hazards (eye and skin irritation when exposed to fumes)
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 6
ASPHALTSASPHALTS
• Asphalt Binders
• Cutbacks
• Emulsions
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 7
• Asphalt concrete• Asphalt paving
mix• Asphalt mix• Asphalt
Hot Mix Asphalt Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)(HMA)
• Bituminous concrete• Bituminous paving
mix• Bituminous mix
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 8
Asphalt Binder is Generally
Produced in a Refinery
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 9
Basics of Refining Crude OilBasics of Refining Crude Oil
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 10
Petroleum-Based Asphalt BindersPetroleum-Based Asphalt Binders
• Asphalt binder is waste product from refinery processing of crude oil– Sometimes called the “bottom of the
barrel”
• Properties depend on:– Refinery operations– Composition of crude source-
dependent
GasolineKerosene
Lt. Gas OilDiesel
Motor Oils
Asphalt
Barrel of Crude Oil
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 11
Asphalt Binders are broken down into 2 components:
• Asphaltenes and resins• OilsBlended to produce asphalt binders of
desired properties
Solvent DeasphaltingSolvent Deasphalting
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 12
Asphalt binder is broken down into 3 components:
• Asphaltenes• Resins• OilBlended to produce asphalt binder of
desired properties
Residuum Oil Supercritical Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction (Rose)Extraction (Rose)
the residuum is mixed with a low-boiling hydrocarbon the residuum is mixed with a low-boiling hydrocarbon solvent (such as, normal pentane) under supercritical solvent (such as, normal pentane) under supercritical conditions.conditions.
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 13
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 14
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 15
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 16
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 17
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 18
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 19
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 20
Cutback AsphaltsCutback Asphalts
Rapid Curing (RC)Asphalt + Naphtha
Surface TreatmentTack CoatRC - 30RC - 70
RC - 250RC - 800
Medium Curing (MC)
Asphalt + Kerosene
Stockpile PatchPrime Coat
MC - 30MC - 70MC - 250MC - 800
Slow Curing (SC)
Asphalt + Oil/diesel
Stockpile PatchPrime Coat
SC - 70SC - 250SC - 800SC - 3000
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 21
30 70 250 800 3000
COMPOSITION OF CUTBACK ASPHALTS
RC = Naphtha; MC = Kerosene SC = Light Oil
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 22
CUTBACKS - USESCUTBACKS - USES• Rapid Curing
– Tack coats– Surface treatments
• Medium curing– Prime coats– Stockpile patching materials
• Slow curing– Prime Coats– Stockpiling
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 23
EMULSIONS - MANUFACTUREEMULSIONS - MANUFACTURE
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 24
EMULSIONS - USESEMULSIONS - USES• Slow Setting (SS)
– Prime coats, fog seals, dense-graded cold mixes
• Medium Setting (MS)– Open graded cold asphalt-aggregate
mixtures
• Rapid Setting– Surface treatments, Tack coat
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 25
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 26
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 27
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 28
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 29
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 30
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 31
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 32
Asphalt BindersAsphalt Binders
Background
History of Specifications
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 33
Purchasing of Asphalt BindersPurchasing of Asphalt Binders
• Need to be able to specify desirable characteristics
• “Desirable characteristics” have evolved over time and with increasing technological advances
• Purchasing requires specifications
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 34
Early SpecificationsEarly Specifications
• Lake Asphalts– Appearance– Solubility in carbon disulfide
• Petroleum asphalt binders (early 1900’s)– Consistency
• Chewing• Penetration machine
– Measure consistency
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 35
Penetration TestingPenetration Testing• Sewing machine needle
• Specified load, time, temperature
100 g
Initial
Penetration in 0.1 mm
After 5 seconds
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 36
Penetration SpecificationPenetration Specification
• Five Grades• 40 - 50
• 60 - 70
• 80 - 100
• 120 - 150
• 200 - 300
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 37
Penetration Gradation Penetration Gradation SpecificationSpecification
• Uses penetration results to specify
• Adds– Flash point test
– Ductility
– Solubility
– Thin film oven aging• Penetration• Ductility
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 38
Flash Point (Safety)Flash Point (Safety)
Thermometer
Cup filled with asphalt binder
Wand attached to gas line
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 39
DuctilityDuctility
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 40
Solubility (Purity)Solubility (Purity)
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 41
Thin Film OvenThin Film Oven
Outside of Oven Rotating Shelf
Pan Thermometer
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 42
Typical Penetration Typical Penetration SpecificationsSpecifications
Penetration 40 - 50 200 - 300
Flash Point, F 450+ 350+
Ductility, cm 100+ 100+
Solubility, % 99.0+ 99.0+
Retained Pen., % 55+ 37+
Ductility, cm NA 100+
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 43
Road Note 19 GuidelineRoad Note 19 Guideline
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 44
Temperature25C (77F)
Pen
etra
tio
n, 0
.1 m
m
High
Medium
Low
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 45
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Grades asphalt binders near average in-service temp.
• Fast
• Can be used in field labs
• Low capital costs
• Precision well established
• Temp. susceptibility can be determined
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 46
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Empirical test
• Shear rate – High
– Variable
• Mixing and compaction temp. information not available
• Similar penetrations at 25C (77F) do not reflect wide differences in asphalts
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 47
.1.1
.2.2
.3.3
.5.5
11
1010
55
100100 110110 120120 130130 140140 150150 160160 170170 180180 190190 200200
Temperature, CTemperature, C
Viscosity, Pa sViscosity, Pa s
Compaction RangeCompaction Range
Mixing RangeMixing Range
Mixing/Compaction TempsMixing/Compaction TempsViscosity 1.7±0.2 and 2.8±0.3
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Asphalt Binder Types and Uses 48
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?