ASNE Day 2011

Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch

Jim DavisonFebruary 10, 2011

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C2 to the Tactical Edge

Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch

Jim DavisonASNE

February 10, 2011

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C2

US National Maritime Domain Awareness

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http://www.gmsa.gov/twiki/bin/viewwww.gmsa.gov

www.gmsa.gov/references/071213mdaconops.pdf

NIMS: National Incident Management System ICS: Incident Command Systems Civil Response C2 (terror attack, oil spills, hurricanes , Fires etc.

Maritime Domain Dominance

The Classical Naval Control of the sea, coastlines and choke points: SHIPS OF THE LINE

Amphibious “From the Sea”Coastal, Riverine and Brown WaterEvolving threats for

Ship’s boats & RHIBS “beyond the hull”Local administration, rescue & security, major ecological

disasters (oil spills) to …Assuming combatant craft roles?

Maritime Rescue, anti-Piracy … recapture pirated ships / hostages … illegal arms / trade and narco-terroism … insert SOF … border security

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High Stakes = Positive Control

Threats beyond the hull are increasingly capable and violent

Legal implications are often internationalExact time, location and maneuvers must be

documentedSafety at sea in darkness and rough seas where

boats cannot be tracked visually / must approach target craft without navigation lights

Positive Control of own boats and RHIBS is

recommended, ergo : C2 to the Tactical Edge

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Where is the boat? Condition? Execute Tactical ExchangeASNE Day 2011 6

The Tactical EdgeThat location where responsible personnel with

the correct preparation, including updates in route, arrive and gain understanding of the assistance needed or the threat, continuously exchanging their situation with their control ship via direct or C2 relay via other ships, & air to achieve an immediate and appropriate response with force as needed.

The C2 requirement is for an affordable capability that is flexible, adaptive and agile, and interoperable with U.S. and allied coalition forces.

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Table 2. Ship’s Boats Positive Control Missions Scenario Missions Comm.

ClearComm.Secure

Positive LocationPublic

Positive Locatio

n Secure

GPS ECDIS Radar Picture

from Ship

Radar Picture

From Boat

Status of Boat

Secure

1 Anti-drug   x   X x x x x x2 Anti-Piracy   x   X x x x x x3 Border

Security  x   X x x x x x

4 Anti-Terrorism

  x   X x x x x x

5 Port Defense

  x   X x x x x x

6 Insert SOF   x   X x x x x x7 Human

RescueX   X   x x x x  

8 Dark -Hazardous Navigation

x   X   x x x x x

9 High Sea State

x   X   x x x x x

AIS Support

C2?

  Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Option

Option Option Yes

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Two Categories of Boats

Category 1 Combatant Boats and CraftJoint Capability Integration & Development System –

JCIDS analysis determined “combatant” = C2 Required GCCS-J / GCCS-M … GIG … Joint Tactical Radio System - JTRS Amphibious Assault Direction Systems - AADS Command, Control, Communication & Computer

System - C4N Blue Force Tracking

Category 2 General Purpose Boats and CraftA compass, radio and binoculars and a JO with a .45

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Cat 1 Craft C2 (SPAWAR) to the “Last Tactical Mile”

RADIO RELAYGROUP

RRG

• Airborne Relay

USER TERMINALGROUP

UTG – LCAC/LCU

• Provides PLI

AMPHIBIOUSCOMMAND GROUP

ACG

• Controls EPLRS Net

SECONDARYCONTROL GROUP

SCG

• Backup to PCG• Dynamic Reference Unit

PRIMARYCONTROL GROUP

PCG• Directs Ship-to-Shore

Movement• Mission Changes• Dynamic Reference Unit

DescriptionAmphibious Assault Direction System, AN/KSQ-1 with Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), integrates the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) to form a jam / intercept resistant, friendly force tracking and command and control system that supports the surface assault ship-to-shore movement in amphibious operations

Provides Capability to Launch, Monitor, Track and

Control Surface or Combined Surface and Air Amphibious Assaults up to 100 NM OTH

Seamless Integration with USMC S-T-O-M Perform OTH Operations Integration with GCCS-M

Sub-SystemsAN/KSQ-1EPLRS

Programmatic ACAT III ORD Signed (Requirement) May

89 MS III Dec

95 OPEVAL Apr 95 IOC Mar 97 FSTR Strategy Approved Jul 02

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FlatFlatPanelPanel

DisplaysDisplays

UniversalUniversalKeyboardKeyboard

FullyFullyIntegratedIntegrated

ElectronicsElectronicsSuiteSuite

Post SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEP

Pre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEP Introduces:

• Open Architecture• Modern COTS Equipment

Provides:• Precision Navigation• Common Tactical Picture• Comm Suite Interoperability

Upgrades:• LN-66 to P-80 Radar• KSQ-1 to EPLRS

LCAC COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT

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1 HAEUAV Wide Area Surveillance2 MPA Prosecution3 NSC Interoperability

4 Multi Asset Operation5 Over-the-Horizon Operations6 Shore-based Command Center

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http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/#

AIS comes to the Navy *AIS significantly increases the ability of the Navy and allied

nations to distinguish between normal and suspicious merchant ships headed toward U.S. and allied ports.

Navy warships using AIS have observed dramatic increases in situational awareness, ship safety and intelligence gathering.

2005 Navy deemed AIS an urgent capability / began fielding of stand alone AIS on all warships by fiscal 2006

Integrated AIS with GCCS-M in 2007 - 2011. AIS was granted Rapid Deployment Capability authority in

January 2006 and transitioned to a program of record in 2008.

The supporting C2 architecture for this paper describes an ad hoc C2 capability for ship’s boats and RHIBS that has been officially put in place

ASNE Day 2011 15* Excerpt form Navy League, SEAPOWER Almanac 2011, p.93

AIS CharacteristicsAIS is a commercially available shipboard broad

cast VHF maritime band transponder system that can transmit ship information, including navigation, identification and cargo. AIS is mandated by the International Maritime Organization for all merchant vessels over 300 tons. (Warships are exempt, but may …)

Transponders incorporate GPS locating and can support 2 channel, 2-way VHF data communication, clear or secure with other ships

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DOD Policy: New IT / C2 Capability Without Risk

NAVSEA guidance for new IT & C2 Systems.*Link 16 is currently BW LimitedNew systems must be mature (TLR 8 or 9)“State of the Shelf”Therefore what C2 systems are available ?Which C2 base to use for ship’s boats &

RHIBS ?CAT 1 : GCCS Family of Systems ?Cat 2 : AIS based C2 capabilities ?

ASNE Day 2011 17* AFCEA Conference 22 Oct 10, Pentagon City

Recommend AIS Based Small Boat C2 : Discussion

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Add AIS C2 to Own Cat 2 Boats and RHIBS such that every Navy and USCG ship has potential for It’s own Ad Hoc AIS based C2 Network

Status of AIS based C2 for Small Boats / RHIBS

International Development and use of AIS based C2 for the missions described in Table 2, Small Boat Positive Control Missions

Canadian Navy Pacific and Atlantic Security C2 Operations

Royal Navy Coastal / Fisheries

Republic of Korea Dual Use

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Canadian AIS Based C2 for Small Boats

Mission Requirement: protect two high value cruise ships used to house thousands of Winter Olympic officials, staff and guests: Operation Podium

Solution: AIS based C2 using commercially available adapted C2 Electronic (ECDIS) charting systems at two Operations Centers with compatible units installed in 15 RHIB boats for positive two-way secure tactical C2

Mission Requirement: Security for 2010 International Fleet Reviews in Esquimalt, BC, and Halifax, NS.

Solution: AIS based C2 Secure Operations 12 RHIBS.

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Royal NavyDeploying RHIB from

HMS Mersey (River Class OPV)

RHIB augments offshore patrols … able to navigate small rivers and winding marsh land tributaries to objectives unreachable by ships

Maintain 2-way secure C2

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Republic of KoreaWing-in-Ground

Effect AircraftMainland – Inter

Island TransportDual Use with SOF

Co-Pilot IMO ECDIS Display

Pilot IMO “Tactical” Display plus normal flight instruments and controls

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Systems Integration to Sensors

& Combat Systems

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Boat / RHIB InstallationAntennas for VHF, AIS/GPS, Flux Gate Heading; Electronics enclosure; 12” ECDIS display with dynamic

tactical overlays; Ergonomic 3-button/thumb stick for dynamic vectors to

communicate course to steer. Add Radar plot if radar available on boat / RHIB.

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AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

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AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

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AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

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Boat – RHIB DisplaysC2 Elements

exchanged with Control Ship:Clear or Secure Text

messagingStatus of Boat

MachineryRadar Ship &/or BoatSpoof ContactsVectorsOperational

Boundaries

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RHIB Patrolling in safe waters

Coast Guard Control ship

Aviation Unit (Helicopter) on Patrol

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RHIB Display

RHIB#1 is tasked with AIS contact of interest (COI).

RHIB highlights the COI with double Green Circles

An Electronic Bearing Line (EBL) connects the RHIB to the COI.

RHIB coxswain will steer along EBL to intercept target.

RHIB turns to intercept the contact of Interest

Control Ship has sent a Contact of Interest message to RHIB #2RHIB #2 is already proceeding on an intercept course.

This Intercept course will take RHIB through disputed waters.Control ship must alert RHIB to avoid area.

RHIB#2 is proceeding to intercept COI.

The RHIB’s display shows the COI with Highlight circle and EBL

RHIB is steering intercept course.

RHIB display does not show area to be avoided.

Control ship advises RHIB#2 to come about immediately via text message.

Danger area is presented at same time to reinforce urgency and to provide the “whole picture”.

RHIB #2 has information required to make safe choice.

RHIB has turned away from disputed area –

Incident avoided!

RHIB#2 assigned a new COI

RHIB #1 is arriving alongside contact of interestHELO orbiting on stationRHIB #2 is proceeding to interceptCoast Guard Ship has come about.

RHIB#1 reports status to Control ship over secure link

SummaryCommand is most effective when C2 is maintained via realtime interaction with the units “in the fight” / “at the Edge:

AIS based C2 “networks” planned or “ad hoc” for small boats is Commercial Off the Shelf – TLR 8-9Links to Control Ships and Command CentersC2 communications are clear & secureAIS and Radar can be correlatedTactical Spoofs are possibleInteroperable with all US & Allied AIS & ECDIS capabilities

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C2 to the Tactical Edge

C2 to the Tactical Edge

Joe FammeBryan PriceTed Raitch

Jim DavisonASNE

February 10, 2011

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AIS

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CDR Joseph Famme, USN (ret)Lt Brian Price Canadian NavyMr. Ted Raitch (former USAF)

Lt Cdr. Jim Davison Royal Navy (ret)

C2 to the Tactical Edge

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AADS / BLUE FORCE TRACKER / FORCENET

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DoD - Blue Force Tracker http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/drs-gets-396m-order-for-blue-force-tracker-computers-02353/

In June 2006, DRS Tactical Systems unit in Melbourne, FL announced a multi-year $396 million indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity contract to provide rugged Appliqué Computer Systems and peripheral equipment for the U.S. Army’s Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below (FBCB2 – and see video) program

FlatFlatPanelPanel

DisplaysDisplays

UniversalUniversalKeyboardKeyboard

FullyFullyIntegratedIntegrated

ElectronicsElectronicsSuiteSuite

Post SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEPPost SLEP

Pre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEPPre SLEP Introduces:

• Open Architecture• Modern COTS Equipment

Provides:• Precision Navigation• Common Tactical Picture• Comm Suite Interoperability

Upgrades:• LN-66 to P-80 Radar• KSQ-1 to EPLRS

COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT

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