asian civilization renassaince and reformation

8/8/2019 Asian Civilization Renassaince and Reformation

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Nica

s a


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s a


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OPTIMISM

CREATIVITY

CREATIVITY


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learning began

1300.


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FOURTEEN CENTURY

TOSIXTEEN CENTURY

. INFLUENCE CONTINUEDEVEN LONGER


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Renewed appreciation of artsand learning of ancient Greece

and Rome

Growing emphasis on humanlife and accomplishments

The middle age institution didnt disappear,but it became more MODERN


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LATIN AND GREEK

Language

CompositionRhetoric

History

Philosophy

Called humanist


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good models to be followed

search monasteries andlibraries

their literature, exciting to

read, beautiful to read


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GRACEFUL ANDELOQUENT WRITERS


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1930

Northern Italian City-States


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Italian Bankers and and

Merchant had the wealth to

acquire:

Libraries

Fine works of Art


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art

Literature

scholarship


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amphitheathers

Monumen

Sculptures

INTERESTON

CLASSICAL CULTURE


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ITALIAN POET

He imitated Roman writing style

Loves writing more than Relaxing


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Studied Roman literature and encourageothers to do the same thing

He discovered anumber ofRoman authors whose work has

been forgotten during theMiddle Ages


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Tried to understand the

ENTIRE CIVILIZATION

GREEK AND ROMAN guide

to a

joyous, successful way of lifejoyous, successful way of life


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Preparation for an

afterlife

Living life on earth as

fully as possible


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HELPSTHEMUNDERSTAND

THEIROWN TIMES.


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Discovered mistakes that

medieval scribed had

made in copying the text.

forgeries


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Active in politics

INTENSE!!!

The skills valuable for social and political

leader:

eloquent in communicating ideas

effective public speaking polished manners

elegant writing styles


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A diplomat

Student of Politics

Set up guidelines for rulers of his time

Believed that a ruler shall

do whatever to gainand keep power


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written byMachiavelli

Pointed out that successful

rulers often lied, broke

treaties, and killedin order togain and keep power


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WEALTHYCITIES:

florence

Milan venice

Noble families and high ranking clergy

became patrons and supporters of arts


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Renaissance artist

-depend for their livelihoods

on wealthy patrons

Noble fami

lies and highranking clergy became patrons and

supporters of arts


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Coming from Florence, Cultural

Center of Italy

bankers , who had branches

throughout Western Europe


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Active in politics

Cosimo de Medici foundedthe

Platonic Academy in Florence- center of studies of Greek

philosophy


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Cosimnos Grandson Lorenzo, the mostwell known in the Medici family, also

called as

THEMAGNIFICENT THEMAGNIFICENTCLASSICALSCHOLAR

ARCHITECT

TALENTED POET


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Leading patron ofart

Hired painters, sculptors for their palace

Artist, painters, philosophers at his court.

Expanded the University- Opportunity for the young people to study

classicalliterature


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UPPERCLASS WOMENwell educated in classical

languages and literature, andtook some an active behind-the-

scenes role in politics


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Studied the humanities w/ sister

BEATRICE

READ AND SPEAK latin and greek

Father is translated plays by Roman

dramatist

Mother was an art collector


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Married Francesco Gonzaga

ruler of a small state in Northern

Italy

A special room was built to display

paintings she commissioned.


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Her own learning and

her encouragement of

the arts made Isabella

known .


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Intense appreciation of individualism

Like Romans, they were

ambitious for fame and

worldly success.


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Like Greeks, they believed humanbeings could

ACHIEVE GREATTHINGS


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ENCOURAGED

A spirit

curiositycuriosity and adventureadventure

WealthWealth andand LeisureLeisure ToTo devtdevt..TalentsTalents


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talk with charm , createtalk with charm , create

paintings and sculpture,paintings and sculpture,

perform music, write poetry,perform music, write poetry,and essay, and the fluent inand essay, and the fluent in

several languages, includingseveral languages, including

latinlatin


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Johann Gutenberg, a German,is usually credited with printing the first

book, a copy of the Bible.

Used to be only for religious books, but soon

used for other books also


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New ideas available to aNew ideas available to a

much larger audiencemuch larger audience

100,000 books before the100,000 books before the

printingprinting

By 1500, 9 MILLIONBy 1500, 9 MILLION


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MANY PEOPLEWERE ABLEMANY PEOPLEWERE ABLE

TOREAD THE BOOKS THATTOREAD THE BOOKS THATPRINTINGMADE AVAILABLEPRINTINGMADE AVAILABLE


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DesideriusDesiderius ErasmusErasmus

He travel

ed widel

y meeting withHe travel

ed widel

y meeting withother scholars and encouraging theother scholars and encouraging the

new interest in the humanities innew interest in the humanities in

Holland and Belgium, the GermanHolland and Belgium, the German

states, and England.states, and England.


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FIRST author

whose books wereread by thousands of

people


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Criticize scholars,

scientist, philosophers

and clergy :

NARROWMINDED


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English statesman

Close friends w/ Erasmus

Encouraged Erasmus to

study Greek

Devoted Catholic


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Described an ideal, peacefulDescribed an ideal, peaceful

society, and so conveyedsociety, and so conveyed MoresMorescriticism of the politics, society,criticism of the politics, society,

and religion of his timeand religion of his time


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HUMANIST : derived from Latin word,

umanista,

TEACHEROF HUMANITIESTEACHEROF HUMANITIES


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HEY !!do you know Venice ??????

Venice gathered many tourist all

over the world from past till

now. Spice, gold and other prized goods passed

by Venetian merchants and bankers.

> Crusaders passed by.


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Ancient history and

ClassicalMythology

FOCUS:HUMAN BEINGSFOCUS:HUMAN BEINGS


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Adapted styles from the :

Greek and Roman

IMPORTANTPOINTS:

. Realism

. Individualism


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Encouraged a busy lifebusy life

let nothing belet nothing be

unknown to youunknown to you


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Monk

Scholar

Physician

Writer

------

French


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MADE FUN !! Ha,ha! To:

Humanist point of view

book combined of

HUMOR, IMAGINATION, EXCITINGHUMOR, IMAGINATION, EXCITING

ADVENTURES W/ SCHOLARSHIPADVENTURES W/ SCHO

LARSHIP


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Personal thoughts and interest

QUIETLIFE

WROTE SHORTCONVERSATIONALSTYLE

Published 1580

Influenced European Modern Times.


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MIGUELCERVANTESSAAVEDRA

Soldier against Turkish5 years in prison, pirates of North

Africa

Spanish tax collector


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Book written by Cervantes

1605

Masterpiece

Gave wealth to Cervantes

mocked the way Medieval chilvary

distorted reality


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Kind , elderly gentleman who

spends so much time reading

medievalta

les that he

loses hissense of reality.

Blinded

to the

reality


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Worlds finest dramatistGreatest Writer in English

Language HUMANITY

Explored human behavior and

feelings


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Not a scholar, but a playwright

and an actor

Interested on ancient worldancient world

played all human feelings: joy,: joy,love, greed, jealousy, ambition,love, greed, jealousy, ambition,

rage, sorrowrage, sorrow


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Julius Ceasar

Antony

Cleopatra

> Drew on Greek and Roman history. Other

takes place in Renaissance Italy and inmedival England , Scotland, and Denmark


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Greek Mythology

Bible

Church History

Politicians

Patrons of Arts

Ordinary Busy people

Writers

UNIQUENESS : EMPHASIZEDUNIQUENESS : EMPHASIZED


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Tempera: dried too quickly so they cannot

changed what they already painted

Oil painting: developed by Flemish painter,Jan van Eyck:

for likely effects

SLOWLY

Artist began to use oil paint to produce

masterpiece


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Combined religious art andrenaissance spirit

Picture of MARY, mother of Jesus - drew a lovely woman

Very good at grouping figureseffectively


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LASTING MASTERPIECES

Painting, sculpture, architecture

Greatly admired ancient Greek and Roman

sculpture

The Greatest SCULPTOROFRAINASSANCE


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each act, each limb, each

bone is given life,and lomans body is raisedbreathing, alive, in wax,

clay or stone.


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Less famous than Michealangelo in his time.

Is now regarded as UNIVERSAL GENIUS

HAD HUGE CURIOSITYAND ENERGY

the Last Supper & Mona Lisa


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Dependent of the patron

Leonardo's work at the court of

the French King Francis I

helped spread Renassaince

ideas from Italy to France


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notebook he left, proof.

drawings of muscles and bones

his nature views became important

in the shaping ofmodernscientific investigation.


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Engineer

Scientist

Inventor

flying machines, submarines,

machine guns

- these drawings are so precise that modern

engineers have used them to build working

models.


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Emphasized :

PRECISE, REALISTIC DETAIL.

Used of light and shadow religious signs and symbols

Dutch contemporary life

Netherlands: van Erck

oilpaint


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GREATEST PAINTEROF

REALISTIC

CONTEMPORARY SCENE

DETAIL

HUMOR

DRAMATIC PAINTINGS OF FARMERS,

TOWNSPEOPLE: WORK& PLAY


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continued the tradition of painting carefully

detailed LANDSCAPES AND

INTERIORSCENES

Light and ColorDramatically shown: people and

place


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Albercht DurerPaintings, woodcuts, engravings

friends w/ Erasmus

HOLYROMANEMPEROR

PAINTER1512-1528


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Was the most famous portrait painter of his

time (1497-1543)

illustrated numerous books, included

ERAMUS PRAISEOF FOLLY,

Moved to Eng

land and became court painterfor King Henry VIII in 1536


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Nica

Cheska


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QUESTION,QUESTION,

CHALLENGED theCHALLENGED theauthority oftheauthority ofthe

churchchurch


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Said the Bible, not the Church

: source ofauthority for Christians

Wrote severe criticism of the papacy.

Denounced bishops and other clergy for

amassing wealth and neglecting their

religious duties


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Could read the Bible for them selves

His followers made the first complete

translation of the Bible in English

Poor preachers: teaching in their

language, not in

Latin

HERESY.


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John Huss, influenced of Wycliffe, head of

the University of Prague in Bohemia

Challenged the authority of the Pope and thechurchs wealth

The people agreed, Church got mad

Arrested and found guilty of heresy


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rebellion against church

Army crusade against them

Went on with their efforts tosecure Church reform


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Taught Biblical studies at he University of

Wittenberg

He was so scared about not entering heaven

After an intense emotional struggle, he

came to believe that only by

GODS GRACE, WE CAN BE

SAVE


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GOOD WORKS:

WOULDNT BRING YOU

TO HEAVEN

FAITH AND GRACE


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DIRECT TALKING AND CONFESSING TO GOD

Should read the Bible to find the path

Cleargy should be allowed to be married

He questioned the sale of indulgence


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Speeches and writing won more

followers

German princes


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Holy roman emperor

Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise

Hid, and translated New Testament into

German for more people to read the Bible


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Germans

Attracted by Luthers belief that each personcan communicate directly to God

became PROTESTANT

GERM

ANPRINCES:INDE

PENDEN

CE from theHoly Roman Emperor

Movement: Reformation


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The division intoThe division into

Protestant and RomanProtestant and RomanCatholic became a majorCatholic became a major

barrier toGerman unity.barrier toGerman unity.


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PREDESTINATION:belief that certain people were chosen by God

for salvation.

Those who are not chosen cannot go.


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Important center of Protestant thinking

INSTITUTES OF THECHRISTIAN RELIGION:

Where John Calvin, explained the doctrine of

Calvinism


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Scottland

Presbyterian Church ,

reformed church

- Holland, Hungary, Bohemia


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Henry VIII, Tudor King

Connected struggle for political power

divorce w/ his wife, Spanish princessCATHERINE OF AARAGON

Church prohibited Divorce


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churchman who agreed with some

Protestants ideas

Approved the annulment of the marriagewith Catherine and Henry VIII and Herny

married to Anne Boleyn in 1533


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Remained Catholic, but

free of Popes authority

Act Supremacy


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Henry VIII: married 6 times and only had one

son

Edward VI:Son

Poor health

Ruled for 6 years


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Half sister, Mary I was given theposition

- devout Catholic

persecuted English Protestants whorefused to become Catholics again.

Married Philip II, the Catholic King ofSpain


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Mary died in 1558

Succeeded , half sister , Elizabeth I , thedaughter of Anne Boleyn

Understanding of English people

Turned England back to Protestant

39 articles, doctrines of the Church ofEngland


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Rulers alarmed

Only the Church could explain the Bible

Both faith and good works necessary Pope highest and final authority

Banned the sale of INDULGENCE


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Threatening Protestants in those countries

w/ imprisonment or death.

drew up list of books , forbidden to read

missionaries, worked double time.


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Jesuits

young Spanish nobleman

approved by Pope III in 1540

keep Catholics

Persuade them to go back tochurch


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Protestants rejected the authority of thePope

Catholic rulers allowed the Church fewerprivileges and less say political matters.

spread of education: Catholic schools andUniversities

Protestants , encouragement of people to

read their Bibles


100/100

NICA AND

CHESKA

asian civilization renassaince and reformation

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