As His Name Is, So Is He!

Judge by Appearances

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1. Learn about English 1. Learn about English names.names.

2. Develop a paragraph of2. Develop a paragraph of comparison. comparison.

3. Enlarge vocabulary. 3. Enlarge vocabulary.

4. Review reading for the 4. Review reading for the main main idea in a paragraph. idea in a paragraph.

How to address your family members, close friends and other people? Look at the pictures and then watch the video clips and find out.

I . How to Address peopleI . How to Address people

>>>pictures

Grandma

Grandpa

RitaRita

I call them …They call me …

We kids call them …We kids call them …

Mom/RoseMom/RoseDad/BobDad/Bob Aunt AliceAunt Alice

Uncle SamUncle Sam

How to address family members?

How to address other people

He saysHe says

My friends call me___.My secretary calls meMr.___.I signs ____ on thedocument. >>> Key

William (first name/given name) Mr. Smith (title+surname)William Jeremy Smith

(full name)

What did they call me before I got married ?

Nora

Diane

Miss James

How did How did people people address me address me after I got after I got married?married?

II. Story Behind the NameII. Story Behind the Name

Why does a person need a name?

Why doesn’t he use just a number as his name?

>>>Tips

1.1. Names identify Names identify people.people.

2.2. Names describe Names describe people.people.

1.1. Names identify Names identify people.people.

2.2. Names describe Names describe people.people.

III. What’s in Your Name?III. What’s in Your Name?

Explain your name to the class and tell them whether you are satisfied whether you are satisfied with your name or notwith your name or not, and whywhy.

(Paras. 1-3)(Paras. 1-3)

The importance of one’s names in life

(Paras. 4-7)(Paras. 4-7) Positive and negative effects of one’s names

(Para. 8)(Para. 8) The necessity of changing one’s names

By citing the story of a woman’s experience with her names, the author naturally introduces the topic — the importance of names in life: A good choice of names surely helps one succeed if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to one’s talents.

Based on the narration of several anecdotes ( 轶事 )concerning names, the author exemplifies the positive and negative effects caused by names as social symbols in daily communication: ranging from making friends to evaluating academic performance.

Following the logical line, the author finally brings the article to a conclusion with the suggestion -- if you don’t feel like your name, you may get a better substitute for it -- thus corresponding to the situation at the beginning of the text.

1. Read the definition of a name (L14) and discuss with your neighbors: 1) What does a name describe? 2) A name often expresses approval or disapproval. Does the name “Helen” suggest any? What about “ 卜世仁”？ 3) Translation. 1) A name describes what characteristic a pers1) A name describes what characteristic a pers

onon or thing has. or thing has.

2) The girl’s parents may expect their daughte2) The girl’s parents may expect their daughter to be r to be a beauty. “ a beauty. “ 卜世仁” 卜世仁” may suggest “not hummay suggest “not human” or an” or “cruel” in Chinese—the readers must hate hi “cruel” in Chinese—the readers must hate him.m.

3)3) “ “ 表达某种特点的一个或几个字，这种特点被认为表达某种特点的一个或几个字，这种特点被认为反映了人或物的本质，或描写说明了人或物，常常反映了人或物的本质，或描写说明了人或物，常常表示嘉许或不赞同” 。表示嘉许或不赞同” 。

2. …, we are all guilty of name stereotyping… Confess: Wouldn't you be surprised…? … A Pope Mel? Often, we project name-based stereotypes on people, … (L 38)1) What’s name stereotyping/name-based stereotype?2) Do most people think Bertha suits a physicist?3) Translation.

1) Form a fixed idea about things or people1) Form a fixed idea about things or people only by the suggestion of their names. only by the suggestion of their names. 2) No, they do not. Otherwise, they would2) No, they do not. Otherwise, they would not be surprised when they meet one. not be surprised when they meet one.3)3) 在某种程度上我们都犯有以名取人的毛病。老实在某种程度上我们都犯有以名取人的毛病。老实 承认吧：难道你遇到一个叫奈杰儿的木匠时你不 承认吧：难道你遇到一个叫奈杰儿的木匠时你不 感到惊讶？遇到一个叫伯莎的物理学家或是梅尔 感到惊讶？遇到一个叫伯莎的物理学家或是梅尔 教皇呢？我们常常把由名字引起的看法强加到他 教皇呢？我们常常把由名字引起的看法强加到他 人身上 人身上 ············

Old to NewOld to NewOld to NewOld to New

Word UsingWord UsingWord UsingWord Using

English to English to Chinese Chinese English to English to Chinese Chinese

I. Old to NewI. Old to NewI. Old to NewI. Old to New

1.1. prominentprominent2.2. destinydestiny3.3. confessconfess4.4. confidenceconfidence5.5. characteristiccharacteristic6.6. associateassociate7.7. approvalapproval8.8. specificspecific9.9. awardaward10.10.determinationdetermination

a.a. admitadmitb.b. trusttrustc.c. agreementagreementd.d. givegivee.e. colleaguecolleaguef.f. decidingdecidingg.g. certain, certain,

particularparticularh.h. famousfamousi.i. fatefatej.j. qualityquality

II. English to II. English to ChineseChinese

II. English to II. English to ChineseChinese

1.1. fill out an application formfill out an application form2.2. take sb. seriouslytake sb. seriously3.3. identify peopleidentify people4.4. more qualified to be a playermore qualified to be a player5.5. encourage new acquaintancesencourage new acquaintances

1.1. fill out an application formfill out an application form2.2. take sb. seriouslytake sb. seriously3.3. identify peopleidentify people4.4. more qualified to be a playermore qualified to be a player5.5. encourage new acquaintancesencourage new acquaintances

1.1. 填写申请表填写申请表2.2. 认真对待某人认真对待某人3.3. 识别人识别人4.4. 更适合做运动员更适合做运动员5.5. 有助于结识新朋友有助于结识新朋友

1.1. 填写申请表填写申请表2.2. 认真对待某人认真对待某人3.3. 识别人识别人4.4. 更适合做运动员更适合做运动员5.5. 有助于结识新朋友有助于结识新朋友

1.1. feel like doing sth. feel like doing sth. (L3)(L3) have a wish forhave a wish for

e.g.e.g.

Do you feel like taking a holiday now?Do you feel like taking a holiday now?

KeyKey

Do you feel like a cup of coffee?

III. Word UsingIII. Word UsingIII. Word UsingIII. Word Using

TranslationTranslation 想来杯咖啡吗？

2. substitute … for … 2. substitute … for … (L5)(L5) 以 …… 代替 ……以 …… 代替 ……

e.g.e.g.

They didn't like rice, so we substitute They didn't like rice, so we substitute bread for rice.bread for rice. KeyKey

They are substituting violence for They are substituting violence for

dialogue.dialogue.

TranslationTranslation他们正以暴力取代对话。

3. be characteristic of 3. be characteristic of (L16) (L16)

forming or showing the character forming or showing the character ofof

e.g.e.g.

Rainy days are characteristic of June.Rainy days are characteristic of June.

KeyKey

Many old houses are characteristic of Many old houses are characteristic of

the small townthe small town..

TranslationTranslation这座小镇的特色是有很多老房子。*characteristic *characteristic n. n. special mark or qualityspecial mark or qualityWhat characteristics separate English from American ？英国人和美国人的性格有何不同？

4. approve of 4. approve of (L18)(L18)

agree onagree on

e.g.e.g.

Parents approved of what we were doing.Parents approved of what we were doing.

KeyKey

Her father will never approve of herHer father will never approve of her

marriage to you.marriage to you.

TranslationTranslation 她父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。

5. turn down 5. turn down (L34)(L34) refuserefuse

e.g.e.g.

Why was I turned down for the job?Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I’m a woman? Is it because I’m a woman?

AnswerAnswer

He was turned down because...He was turned down because...

QuestionQuestion

Why was he turned downWhy was he turned down

by the Student Union?by the Student Union?

6. at ease 6. at ease (L37)(L37)

comfortable, without worry comfortable, without worry

e.g.e.g.

— — His legs were nervous, but his mind His legs were nervous, but his mind waswas at ease. at ease.

— — She was ill at ease with strangers.She was ill at ease with strangers. KeyKey

The news set her heart at ease.The news set her heart at ease.

TranslationTranslation 这消息使她安心了。

7. be guilty of 7. be guilty of (L39)(L39)

2) have done … wrong2) have done … wrong

e.g.e.g.

He was guilty of an important false He was guilty of an important false judgment. judgment.

KeyKey

He was guilty of murder.He was guilty of murder.

TranslationTranslation 他犯有谋杀罪。

8. to … extent 8. to … extent (L39) (L39) 在 …… 程度上在 …… 程度上 , , 到 …… 程度；到 …… 程度；

e.g.e.g.

I agree with what he said to some I agree with what he said to some extent.extent.

KeyKey

To what extent can you believe him?To what extent can you believe him?

TranslationTranslation 你相信他到什么程度？

9. be stuck with 9. be stuck with (L58)(L58) 因 …… 而无法脱身因 …… 而无法脱身 // 解脱解脱

e.g.e.g.

We were stuck with relatives who We were stuck with relatives who came came to stay unexpectedly. to stay unexpectedly.

KeyKey

I am stuck with much work.I am stuck with much work.

TranslationTranslation我工作缠身。Cf. Cf. stick tostick to :He is a man with :He is a man with

determination;determination;

he sticks to what he believes he sticks to what he believes

in.in.

10. label 10. label (L58)(L58)

n.n. a piece of paper, giving information a piece of paper, giving information about itabout it

e.g.e.g.

——Because there is no label on the Because there is no label on the luggage, we don’t know to whom it luggage, we don’t know to whom it belongs. belongs.

——The doctor labeled (The doctor labeled (vv.) the bottle .) the bottle poisonous.poisonous.

KeyKey

I read the information on the label,I read the information on the label,

and then decided to buy one.and then decided to buy one.

TranslationTranslation 我先看标签上的说明，然后决定买下它。

DebateDebate DebateDebate

Change my name?

Are you kidding?

Why not?

Do you really agree with Do you really agree with the author’s opinion?the author’s opinion?

Have you ever thought Have you ever thought about changing your about changing your

name into a more name into a more attractive one?attractive one?

Why?Why? Why not?Why not?

I agree with the I agree with the author’s opinion that …author’s opinion that …

I think it’s a good idea I think it’s a good idea to …to …

It may help if … It may help if … I am considering to …I am considering to … The reasons I decide to The reasons I decide to

… are as follows:… are as follows:

Firstly, … Secondly, … Firstly, … Secondly, … Finally, …Finally, …

By changing my name, I By changing my name, I can …can …

I disagree with the I disagree with the author’s opinion that …author’s opinion that …

I don’t think it’s a good I don’t think it’s a good idea to …idea to …

It is impossible to … It is impossible to … I will never …I will never … My reasons are as My reasons are as

follows:follows: The best to … is …The best to … is … The most important The most important

thing is …thing is …

Yes VS No

Structure Analysis

Your Task

Tips for Writing

I.Structure I.Structure AnalysisAnalysis

A Paragraph of ComparisonA Paragraph of Comparison

Sample: ( Para. 7, Section A)

The main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

The main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

Point A: affect classroom

achievement

Comparison: grades on the same essays written by boys with good names and bad names;

Result: lower

Point B: other sources of classroom difference

Comparison: 1) performance of girls with appealing names and less appealing names; 2) popularity of the girls is related to their names;

Result: better

Decide how many comparisons will be made. Try not to start a new comparison before getting a result from the previous one. List parts to be compared. Choose familiar verbs and adjectives and develop your sentences on them.

II.Tips for WritingII.Tips for Writing

Write a paragraph of Write a paragraph of comparison.comparison.Topics:Topics:

1.1.Living in CitiesLiving in Cities

2.2.Studying AbroadStudying Abroad

III. Your TaskIII. Your Task

A Humor

A Video Clip—

The Most Attractive Name

Funny NamesFunny Names

What was the mother’s name?

A. It was Laughing.B. It was Smiling.C. It was Joking.

Listen to the story and

do the exercise.

Key B

Whose name is the most attractive one for you? Enjoy the video clip

and exchange your ideas.

The Most Attractive Name

Review Reading Skill

Exercises

I. I. Review Reading Skill

most likely appears in the beginning (especially the first and/or second sentence) and at the end of the paragraph,

The Main Idea in a Paragraph

helps get the whole picture of the text and skip the less important details, thus improving your reading speed,

and helps predict or better understand the rest of the text.

1. It was prejudice time. Some of the children we encountered stared, pointed, and laughed; adults gave us long, doubting looks. Clerks in stores followed our track to watch our every move. In a lunchroom a second assistant hurried to the side of the cashier, where they took my $2 check without asking for ID; it seemed worth that price to have us out the door. At one doorway a clerk physically blocked the entrance apparently to discourage our

entry.

II. ExerciseII. Exercise

Main idea:It was prejudice time. It was prejudice time.

2. So what did we learn? Mostly what we expected, what everybody knows: people judge by appearances. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social grace most of us take for granted. Lacking the culturally acceptable symbols of belonging in this setting, we became, to a degree, objects, with

less inherent dignity as persons.

Main idea:People judge by appearance.People judge by appearance.

Questions Questions Answering Answering Questions Questions Answering Answering

Answer questions with less than 10 Answer questions with less than 10 words.words.

Para

.1Para

.11.1. What does “it”What does “it”(L4)(L4) refer to? refer to?

2.2. What’s the author’s attitude What’s the author’s attitude toward the standard criticism? toward the standard criticism?

1.1. What does “it”What does “it”(L4)(L4) refer to? refer to?

2.2. What’s the author’s attitude What’s the author’s attitude toward the standard criticism? toward the standard criticism?

Key>>>Key>>>

1.1. The standard The standard criticism.criticism.2.2. He is against it.He is against it.

Para

.1Para

.13.3. Why was there “no need for Why was there “no need for

dramatics”?dramatics”? (L17)(L17)

4.4. Why didn’t they go up to the Why didn’t they go up to the 20th floor?20th floor? (L22)(L22)

3.3. Why was there “no need for Why was there “no need for dramatics”?dramatics”? (L17)(L17)

4.4. Why didn’t they go up to the Why didn’t they go up to the 20th floor?20th floor? (L22)(L22)

Key>>>Key>>>

3. People drove them away just 3. People drove them away just because of their poor appearance.because of their poor appearance.

4.4. They were afraid of blowing their They were afraid of blowing their cover.cover.

Para

.1Para

.15. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID 5. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID

when he took the check? when he took the check? (L29)(L29)

6. What is “her feeling”?6. What is “her feeling”? (L48)(L48)

5. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID 5. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID when he took the check? when he took the check? (L29)(L29)

6. What is “her feeling”?6. What is “her feeling”? (L48)(L48)

Key>>>Key>>>

5. They hoped the author left 5. They hoped the author left quickly.quickly.

6.6. The place was not for them.The place was not for them.

Translation

Paraphrase&

1. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism, I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it—except that, for me and a classmate (and maybe for some who read this accountthis account), the experience

made a common claimcommon claim come alive. (L2)(L2)

this accountthis account:: this report, article common claimcommon claim:: commonly accepted belief ( judge by appearance)

我不想确切地赞成或反对此类批评，我只是想我不想确切地赞成或反对此类批评，我只是想描述一个似乎可以证实它的社会学考察。但对描述一个似乎可以证实它的社会学考察。但对于我和我的一位同学来说（也许还有那些看到于我和我的一位同学来说（也许还有那些看到本文的人），此次考察的经历使得一个众所周本文的人），此次考察的经历使得一个众所周知的观点变得栩栩如生了。知的观点变得栩栩如生了。

2.The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond to us—whether the appearance of poverty would

invite prejudice on us. (L13) *that=to look like street peoplewhat difference 作 that made 的宾语。 Meaning: to see what different effects that produced …

我们的目的是使自己看似漂泊街头的人，以观我们的目的是使自己看似漂泊街头的人，以观察他人对我们这样的打扮会有何不同反应——察他人对我们这样的打扮会有何不同反应——是否贫穷的外表会招来别人的歧视。是否贫穷的外表会招来别人的歧视。

3. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by by removal of much of the social removal of much of the social gracegrace most of us take for granted.

(L39)

仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失殆尽。殆尽。

with much social grace disappearing

4. In a very few hours, we found ourselves accepting and internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves that prevailed among the people we met; … (L48) We used to feel that it’s wrong to say

people all judge others by appearance. But now we firmly believe it’s right.

We used to feel that it’s wrong to say people all judge others by appearance. But now we firmly believe it’s right.

我们曾经认为流行在我们周围的人当中的看法我们曾经认为流行在我们周围的人当中的看法是肤浅且带有偏见的。仅仅几个小时后，我们是肤浅且带有偏见的。仅仅几个小时后，我们发现自己已接受这一观点并深信不疑。发现自己已接受这一观点并深信不疑。

Matching GameMatching Game

Word UsingWord Using

I. Matching GameI. Matching GameI. Matching GameI. Matching Game

1.1. validvalid

2.2. accurateaccurate

3.3. concealconceal

4.4. emotionalemotional

5.5. internalinternal

6.6. superficialsuperficial

7.7. virtuallyvirtually

8.8. imitateimitate

a.a. of the strong feelingof the strong feeling

b.b. exactexact

c.c. effective lawfullyeffective lawfully

d.d. hidehide

e.e. follow as an examplefollow as an example

f.f. of the insideof the inside

g.g. in factin fact

h.h. not deep or seriousnot deep or serious

1. account (L4) n. description

e.g.e.g. — She kept a detailed account

of the suspect’s movements.

Tra

nsla

tTra

nsla

tio

nio

n

他详细地介绍了他在欧洲的经历。他详细地介绍了他在欧洲的经历。

Key

Key

He gave a detailed account of hisHe gave a detailed account of his

experience in Europe.experience in Europe.

He gave a detailed account of hisHe gave a detailed account of his

experience in Europe.experience in Europe.

PhrasePhrase ：： account for account for 解释，说明；占，构成；解释，说明；占，构成；— She was required to account for her actions.— Rent accounts for 50% of his expenditure.

PhrasePhrase ：： account for account for 解释，说明；占，构成；解释，说明；占，构成；— She was required to account for her actions.— Rent accounts for 50% of his expenditure.

II. Word UsingII. Word UsingII. Word UsingII. Word Using

2. speak of (L16) show or suggest

e.g.e.g.

— His eyes speak of

suffering.

— Time is up. I will speak of that point later.

3. turn out (L17) to happen in a particular way; to develop or end in a particular way…

e.g.— It turned out that she was my sister’s friend.— A large group of protesters have turned out.— an assembly line turning out cars

其他：其他：

turn

>>>>>>practicepractice

down 拒绝；关小，调低in 交还，上交；over 仔细考虑；to 变成；求助于up 出现，到来；开大，调高

1)1) He has not _________ yet, but everybody He has not _________ yet, but everybody else is here.else is here.

2)2) The boy was ____________ for the job The boy was ____________ for the job because because he didn't have any experience.he didn't have any experience.

3)3) We thought he had been killed, but he We thought he had been killed, but he ___________ safe and sound. ___________ safe and sound.

4)4) If you have any problem, please If you have any problem, please _________ me any time._________ me any time.

5)5) Would you mind if I _______________ the Would you mind if I _______________ the music?music?

turned up

turned down

turned out

turn to

turn down/up

4. apart from (L32) besides

e.g.e.g. Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

Tra

nsla

tion

Tra

nsla

tion

除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。

K

ey

Key

Apart from a few words, I do not

know

any French at all.

Apart from a few words, I do not

know

any French at all.

5. accompany (L39) v. be or go with

e.g.e.g. — Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano.— The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.

Tra

nsla

tTra

nsla

tio

nio

n

她陪我去看了医生。她陪我去看了医生。

K

ey

Key

She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.

Prejudices Around UsPrejudices Around Us

Why & HowWhy & HowPrejudices Around UsPrejudices Around Us

Why & HowWhy & How

GROUP WORKGROUP WORK GROUP WORKGROUP WORK

Are you aware of any Are you aware of any prejudices in your prejudices in your life? What are they? life? What are they? sex prejudice, racial sex prejudice, racial prejudice, or …? prejudice, or …? List them and List them and exchange your view exchange your view with your desk-with your desk-mate.mate.

Are you aware of any Are you aware of any prejudices in your prejudices in your life? What are they? life? What are they? sex prejudice, racial sex prejudice, racial prejudice, or …? prejudice, or …? List them and List them and exchange your view exchange your view with your desk-with your desk-mate.mate.