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AS 3545—2004

Australian Standard™

Welding positions

AS

35

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This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee WD-001, Welding Definitions and Symbols. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 3 June 2004. It was published on 26 July 2004.

The following are represented on Committee WD-001:

Australian Industry Group

Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia

New Zealand Engineering Research Association

Welding Technology Institute of Australia

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased.

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We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mail@standards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04239.Lice

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AS 3545—2004

Australian Standard™

Welding positions

Originated as AS 3545—1988. Second edition 2004.

COPYRIGHT

© Standards Australia International

All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written

permission of the publisher.

Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001,

Australia

ISBN 0 7337 6188 7

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2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standards

Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee WD-001, Welding Definitions and Symbols,

to supersede AS 3545—1988. After consultation with stakeholders in both countries,

Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an

Australian Standard rather than an Australian/New Zealand Standard.

The objective of this Standard is to define working positions for welding.

This Standard is based on ISO 6947:1990, Welding—Working positions—Definitions of

angles of slope and rotation, but contains additional information to assist users working

with the AWS based alphanumeric system

The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the

appendix to which it applies. An informative appendix is only for information and

guidance.

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3

CONTENTS

Page

1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 4

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................................. 4

3 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................ 4

4 WORKING POSITIONS ............................................................................................ 7

5 DESIGNATION........................................................................................................ 13

APPENDIX A ALTERNATIVE POSITION DESCRIPTIONS........................................ 14

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AS 3545—2004 4

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Welding positions

1 SCOPE

This Standard defines working positions for welding, and makes it possible to locate welds

in space with reference to the horizontal reference plane (usually parallel to the workshop

floor) by means of angles of slope and rotation, which are independent from surrounding

construction.

NOTE: For guidance on alternative position descriptions, see Appendix A.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard:

AS

2812 Welding, brazing and cutting of metals—Glossary of terms)

ISO

6947 Welding—Working positions—Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

3 DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions below apply.

3.1 Rotation (R)

1 The angle between the centre-line of the weld (that is, the line joining the centres of

the weld root and the capping layer) and the positive y-axis or a line parallel to the

y-axis, measured in the mathematically positive (that is counter-clockwise) direction

in the plane of the transverse cross-section of the weld in question.

2 The viewing direction for the weld cross-section is directed towards the co-ordinate

origin, i.e., opposite to the working direction (see Figure 2).

NOTES:

1 In the case of slopes where S = 90° or S = 270° (see Figure 1), it is not necessary to determine

the rotation because all angles may occur. Examples of how rotation is determined on

symmetrical and asymmetrical butt and fillet welds arc given in Figures 3 to 5.

2 The centre-line usually coincides with the position of the filler material, e.g., covered

electrode.

3 For pipes with inclined axes, the rotation is intrinsically expressed by the angle of inclination.

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5 AS 3545—2004

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FIGURE 1 SLOPE (S)

3.2 Slope (S)

1 Straight welds The angle between the root line and the positive x-axis of the

horizontal reference plane (see Figure 1). The slope is measured in the

mathematically positive (i.e., counter-clockwise) direction, and the coordinate system

is arranged so that the root line lies in the vertical reference plane (x/z-plane; see

Figure 1) and that the working direction radiates outwards from the coordinate origin.

2 Curved welds The slope obtained from the tangent to the root line, at the particular

cross-section of the weld in question, and the x-axis.

NOTES:

1 Each particular cross-section has its own specific coordinate system.

2 For pipes with inclined axes, the slope is intrinsically expressed by the welding direction (see

Clause 4.2).

3.3 Working position

Position determined by the position of the weld in space and by the working direction.

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AS 3545—2004 6

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

6

FIGURE 2 ROTATION (R)

FIGURE 3 EXAMPLES OF ROTATION (R = 90°) OF SYMMETRICAL BUTT WELDS

WITH HORIZONTAL WORKPIECE SURFACE

FIGURE 4 EXAMPLES OF ROTATION (R) OF ASYMMETRICAL BUTT WELDS WITH

HORIZONTAL WORKPIECE SURFACE

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7 AS 3545—2004

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4 WORKING POSITIONS

4.1 Main positions

The main positions, defined by slope and rotation, are given in Table 1 and illustrated in

Figure 6. For the sake of clarity, symbols for the main working positions are given from the

coordinate origin; the working direction is outwards.

Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds are illustrated in Figure 7.

FIGURE 5 EXAMPLES OF ROTATION (R) OF SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL

FILLET WELDS

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AS 3545—2004 8

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8

FIGURE 6 MAIN POSITIONS

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9 AS 3545—2004

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TABLE 1

TERMS AND SYMBOLS FOR MAIN POSITIONS (see Notes)

Terms Description Symbol Slope

S

Rotation

R

AWS

designation 3

Flat position Horizontal working, centre-line of

weld vertical, capping layer on top

PA 0°

180°

90°

90° 1F, 1G

Horizontal vertical

position

Horizontal working, capping layer

towards the top

PB 0°

0°

180°

180°

45°

135°

45°

135°

2F

Horizontal position Horizontal working, centre-line of

weld horizontal

PC 0°

0°

180°

180°

0°

180°

0°

180°

2G

Horizontal

overhead position

Horizontal working, overhead,

capping layer towards the bottom

PD 0°

0°

180°

180°

225°

315°

225°

315°

4F

Overhead position Horizontal working, overhead,

centre-line of weld vertical, capping

layer underneath

PE 0°

180°

270°

270° 4G

Vertical up position Working upwards PF 90° — 3F, 3G

Vertical down

position

Working downwards PG 270° — 3F, 3G

NOTES:

1 To avoid confusion with existing abbreviations, e.g., F for flat, in principle the letter ‘P’ (for position) has

been placed in front of the symbol to indicate ‘main position’.

2 Tolerances for the main positions are not specified in this Standard because they depend on the different

welding procedures used.

3 For a description of the AWS designations, see Appendix A.

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AS 3545—2004 10

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

10

FIGURE 7 EXAMPLES OF MAIN POSITIONS FOR BUTT AND FILLET WELDS

4.2 Inclined positions

4.2.1 Plates and longitudinal welds in pipes

The inclined positions shall be defined by slope and rotation (sec Figure 8 and Table 1). Lice

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11 AS 3545—2004

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FIGURE 8 INCLUDED POSITION FOR PLATES

4.2.2 Circumferential welds in pipes

For weld positions on pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation shall be

simplified as follows:

(a) The indication of rotation to be replaced by the letter ‘L’ and the angle of inclination

(see Figure 9).

NOTE: Angles between 180° and 360° are normally not used except for robotic welding

where a fixed reference plane is necessary.

(b) The indication of slope to be replaced by the appropriate letter of the welding

direction (see examples in Figure 10):

(i) Welding up................................................................................................... H.

(ii) Welding down ............................................................................................... J.

(iii) Orbital welding ............................................................................................ K.

For welds on fixed pipes with inclined axes, the zenith shall be taken as the point at right

angles to the reference plane (see examples in Figure 11).

FIGURE 9 EXAMPLES OF SYMBOLIZATION OF INCLINATION OF PIPES WITH

INCLINED AXES

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AS 3545—2004 12

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FIGURE 10 EXAMPLES OF WELDING DIRECTION ON FIXED PIPE WITH HORIZONTAL

AXIS (AWS 5G)

FIGURE 11 EXAMPLES OF ZENITH, WELDING DIRECTION AND SYMBOLIZATION OF

INCLINATION FOR FIXED PIPES WITH INCLINED AXES

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13 AS 3545—2004

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5 DESIGNATION

Main positions shall be designated by the appropriate symbol specified in Table 1 (see

Example 1); the symbol for the main position may be supplemented by the values for slope

and rotation, given in three digits (see Example 2).

Inclined positions shall be designated by slope and rotation in accordance with

Clause 3.2.1, except for pipes with inclined axes (see Example 3).

For circumferential welds in pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation

shall be simplified in accordance with Clause 4.2.2 (see Examples 4 and 5).

PLATES

Example 1:

The main position ‘horizontal vertical’ (PB) is designated as follows:

PB

Example 2:

The main position ‘horizontal vertical’ (PB), with slope of 130° and rotation of 45°, is

designated as follows:

PB 130-045

Example 3:

The inclined position, with slope of 30° and rotation of 90°, is designated as follows:

030-090

PIPES

Example 4:

The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with direction ‘welding up’ (H) and an

inclination angle of 30°, is designated as follows:

H-L030

Example 5:

The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with welding direction ‘welding down’ (J)

and an inclination angle of 600, is designated as follows:

J-L060

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AS 3545—2004 14

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

14

APPENDIX A

ALTERNATIVE POSITION DESCRIPTIONS

(Informative)

A1 GENERAL

The fundamental welding positions are defined as flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead.

Illustrations of typical fundamental welding positions are shown in Figure A1.

The following alphanumeric system is also used to designate the fundamental positions:

1G Flat butt

2G Horizontal butt

3G Vertical butt

4G Overhead butt

1F Flat fillet

2F Horizontal fillet

3F Vertical fillet

4F Overhead fillet

NOTES:

1 This alphanumeric system is primarily used in the North American AWS and ASME

Standards and also finds usage in other Standards originally based on these documents.

2 Reference should also be made to the definitions in AS 2812.

A2 LIMITS

The limits applicable to the fundamental welding positions are shown in the following:

(a) Butt welds ................................................................................................ Figure A2.

(b) Fillet welds .............................................................................................. Figure A3.

A3 VARIATIONS

Variations to the fundamental welding positions in pipe are shown in Figure A4.

The following alphanumeric system has also been introduced to designate variations to

fundamental positions:

5G = Multiposition butt all around a fixed pipe with the axis of pipe horizontal

6G = Multiposition butt all around a fixed pipe with the axis of pipe at 45°

6GR = Multiposition butt all around a fixed pipe with restriction ring above the

weld, and axis of pipe at 45°

NOTE: Restriction ring simulates restriction due to a T-joint, K-joint, or Y-joint.

5F = Multiposition fillet all around a fixed pipe with the axis of pipe horizontal

6F = Multiposition fillet all around a fixed pipe with the axis of pipe at 45°

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15 AS 3545—2004

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NOTES:

1 For limitations on inclination and rotation, see Paragraph A2.

2 The direction of making a weld is not pertinent to a fundamental welding position.

3 For convenience, only round pipe is illustrated.

4 The AWS system does not differentiate between the direction of welding for the vertical position

designation whereas the ISO 6947 system provides PF for vertical up welding and PG for vertical down

welding.

5 Position PF and PG for fillet welds on pipes is similar to AWS position 5G and applies to a fixed pipe with

a horizontal axis welding vertically upwards (PF) or downwards (PG) (see Figure A4).

FIGURE A1 FUNDAMENTAL WELDING POSITIONS

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AS 3545—2004 16

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

16

Position of butt welds

Position Diagram reference Inclination of axis Rotation of face

Flat A 0° to 15° 150° to 210°

Horizontal B 0° to 15° 80° to 150°

210° to 290°

Overhead C 0° to 80° 0° to 80°

280° to 360°

Vertical D E

15° to 80° 80° to 90°

80° to 280° 0° to 360°

NOTES:

1 The horizontal plane is always taken to lie below the weld that is under consideration.

2 The inclination of axis is measured from the horizontal reference plane towards the vertical reference

plane.

3 The angle of rotation of the face is determined from a line perpendicular to the theoretical face of the weld

that passes through the axis of the weld. The reference position (0°) of rotation of the face invariably

points in the direction opposite to that in which the angle of the axis increases. When looking at point P,

the angle of rotation of the face of weld is measured in a clockwise direction from the reference

position (0°).

FIGURE A2 POSITIONS OF BUTT WELDS IN PLATE

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17 AS 3545—2004

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Position of fillet welds

Position Diagram reference Inclination of axis Rotation of face

Flat A 0° to 15° 150° to 210°

Horizontal B 0° to 15° 125° to 150° 210° to 235°

Overhead C 0° to 80° 0° to 125°

235° to 360°

Vertical D E

15° to 80° 80° to 90°

125° to 235° 0° to 360°

NOTES:

1 For convenience, the segments of weld are shown in the first quadrant and are representative of only one of

the fundamental welding positions.

2 The horizontal plane is always taken to lie below the weld that is under consideration.

3 The reference position, 0 degrees, of the rotation of the face of the weld is invariably in the direction

opposite to that in which the angle of the axis increases. The angle of rotation of the face of weld is

measured in a clockwise direction from the reference position, 0 degrees, when looking towards point P.

FIGURE A3 POSITIONS OF FILLET WELDS IN PLATE

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AS 3545—2004 18

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

18

Type of

weld

Direction of

welding Position (see Notes)

— AWS 5G 6G 6GR

Vertical up ISO PF H-L045 H-L045

Butt

Vertical down

ISO PG J-L045 J-L045

— AWS 5F 6F

Vertical up ISO PF H-L045

Fillet

Vertical down

ISO PG J-L045

NOTES:

1 All welds are performed with the workpiece in the fixed position.

2 For convenience only round pipe is illustrated.

3 The 6G position is similar to the 6GR position other than the inclusion of a restriction ring that is designed to

simulate restrictions commonly found in T-connections, K-connections and Y–connections in piping. There is no

provision in the ISO system for a restriction ring.

FIGURE A4 VARIATIONS TO THE FUNDAMENTAL WELDING POSITIONS IN PIPE

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19 AS 3545—2004

NOTES

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AS 3545—2004 20

20

NOTES

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site, or via On-Line and DVD subscription services. For more information phone 1300 65 46 46 or visit

Standards Web Shop at

www.standards.com.au

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ISBN 0 7337 6188 7 Printed in Australia

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