arul anandar college (autonomous), karumathur · semi-micro qualitative analysis analysis of a...

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR – 625 514

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

B.Sc., CHEMISTRY

CBCS STRUCTURE (from the academic year 2015-2016 onwards)

I SEMESTER

PART Sub. Code PAPER Hrs Cr

I 15UTAL11/

15UHNL11/

15UFNL11

Tamil /

Hindi /

French

6 4

II 15UENA11/

15UENB11

English for Effective Communication-I 6 4

III 15UCHC11 Core -1 General Chemistry - I 5 4

15UCHP12 Core Lab –I Inorganic Qualitative Analysis 3 ---

15UCHA11

15UCHB11

Allied -1 Biochemistry

Allied Chemistry – I

3

5

3

4

15UCHQ12

15UCHR12

Allied Biochemistry Lab

Allied Chemistry Lab - 1

2 --

IV 15USBE11 Skill Based Elective – 1 (Computer Literacy)

Programming in C

4 2

15UFCE11 FC-Personality Development 1

V 15UNSS/NCC/

PED/YRC/ROT/

ACF/NCB12

Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/

YRC/ROTARACT/AICUF/NATURE CLUB

- -

15UBRC11 Bridge Course 1

Total 30 18/19

II SEMESTER

I 15UTAL22/

15UHNL22/

15UFNL22

Tamil /

Hindi /

French

6 4

II 15UENA22

15UENB22

English for Effective Communication-II 6 4

III

15UCHC22 Core -2 General Chemistry -II 5 4

15UCHP12 Core Lab –I Inorganic Qualitative Analysis 3 3

15UCHA22

15UCHB22

Allied – 2 Biochemistry

Allied Chemistry – 2

3

5

3

4

15UCHR22 Allied Biochemistry Lab 2 2

IV 15USBE22 Skill Based Elective – 2 (Computer Literacy)

Programming in Visual Basic

4 2

15UFCE22 FC-Social Analysis and Human Rights 1 1

V 15UNSS/NCC/

PED/YRC/ROT/

ACF/NCB12

Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/


--- 1

Total 30 24/23

(from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)

III SEMESTER

I Tamil 6 4

II English 6 4

III Core -4 Organic Chemistry -I 5 5

Allied – 2 Physics 3 3

Allied Physics Lab 2 -

IV

Skill Based Elective – 1 Computer Literacy -1

Programming in C

4 2

Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non-Major Elective-1

Chemistry Around Us

3 2

FC-Environmental Studies 1 -

V Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/


- -

Arise - -

30 20

IV SEMESTER

I Tamil 6 4

II English 6 4

III Core -5 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 5 5

Allied – 2 Physics 3 3

Allied Physics Lab 2 2

IV

Skill-Based Elective – 2 – Computer Literacy -2

Programming in Visual Basic

4 2

Basic Tamil/Advanced Tamil/Non-Major Elective-2

Chemistry and Life

3 2

FC- Bioethics, Religions and Peace Studies /

Catechism of the Catholic Church.

1 1

V Extension Activities NSS / NCC/Phy. Edn/


- 1

30 24

V SEMESTER

III

Core -6 Organic Chemistry -II 6 6

Core-7 Inorganic Chemistry 6 6

Core-8 Physical Chemistry-I 6 6

Core Lab –III Organic Analysis and Estimation 4 3

Core Lab-IV Gravimetry and Preparation 4 --

Elective 1– Polymer Chemistry 4 3

30 24

VI SEMESTER

III

Core -9 Organic Chemistry - III 6 6

Core -10 Industrial Chemistry 6 5

Core -11 Physical Chemistry -II 6 6

Core Lab –IV Gravimetry and Preparation 4 3

Core Lab-V Physical Chemistry 4 3

Elective – 2 Analytical Chemistry 4 3

30 26

Semester: I II III IV V VI TOTAL

Credits : 19/20 27/26 20 24 24 26 140

Self-Learning Courses

Third Semester: Forensic Chemistry

Fourth Semester: Food Chemistry

Fifth Semester: Fuel Chemistry

Sixth Semester: Geochemistry

Question Pattern for End-Semester Examination (Duration: 3 Hours)

(For Core papers only)

Sl.No Section Marks

1

Section A

Multiple-Choice questions.

Two questions from each unit

10 questions. No choice

10 x 1= 10 marks

2

Section B

Short answer questions

Definitions, problems involving direct substitution,

explanation type questions

10 questions to be answered out of 12.

Minimum of two questions from each unit

10 x 3 = 30 marks

3

Section C

5 questions – One from each unit.

Internal choice

Paragraph, derivations, problems

5 x 6 = 30 marks

4

Section D

3 questions out of five.

One question from each unit

3 x 10 = 30 marks

Question Paper Pattern for

Core Elective, Allied, Non-Major Elective

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 100

Sl.No Section Marks

1

Section A



explanation type questions.


10 x 2 = 20 marks

2

Section B

5 questions – out of 6 questions


5 x 7 = 35 marks

3

Section C



3 x 15 = 45 marks



GENERAL CHEMISTRY – I

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core -1

Semester : I Hours : 75

Subject Code : 15UCHC11 Credits : 4

Objectives :

To understand

1. the basic concepts needed for understanding chemistry

2. the electron-displacement effects in organic compounds and to study the reactions of

various organic reaction intermediates.

3. relation between electronic configuration and periodicity in properties of elements

4. the principles and applications of adsorption and catalysis

To study the chemistry of important polymers

To learn the safety methods in the laboratory

UNIT-I Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry (15 Hours)

General Introduction. Functional groups. Structural Formulae. Isomerism- Fundamental ideas

only – Structural and stereoisomerism – types and examples.

Organic reactions – Types of reactions. Cleavage of bonds – Homolysis and heterolysis.

Types of reagents –Electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals. –definition and examples

Localised and delocalised bonds. Resonance- Rules of resonance. Steric inhibition of resonance.

Hyperconjugation. Inductive and field effects - definition.

Organic Reaction intermediates: Generation, stability, structure and reactions of carbocations,

carbanions, free radicals and carbenes.

UNIT-II Periodic Table and Rare Gases (15 hours)

Mendeleev’s table. Merits and demerits. Long form of the periodic table and its advantages.

Classification into s,p,d and f-block elements.

Study of the variation of the following properties of elements in terms of their electronic

configurations. Atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity,

electronegativity, metallicity and their periodic variations

Rare Gases: General discussion. Isolation of rare gases. Compounds of xenon. Xenon fluorides

and oxides – Preparation, structure and bonding in XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO3 and XeOF4.

UNIT III Surface Chemistry (15 Hours)

Adsorption of gases on solids. Characteristics. Chemisorption and Physisorption. Factors

influencing adsorption. Different types of adsorption curves. Adsorption isotherms. Langmuir

and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

Applications of adsorption.

Catalysis – Definition. Characteristics. Types of catalysis - examples. Theories of catalysis.

Autocatalysis. Catalytic poisons. Promoters. Applications of catalysis

Enzyme catalysis – Lock and key mechanism and kinetics. Michelis-Menton equation. Effect of

pH and temperature on enzyme action.

UNIT IV Introduction to Polymers (15 Hours)

Monomers and Polymers. Definition. Classification of polymers. Distinction among plastics,

elastomers and fibers. Homo and heteropolymers. Copolymers. Chemistry of Polymerisation.

Chain polymerisation. Free radical, ionic, coordination and step polymerisation. Polyaddition

and poly condensation.

Important polymers – Teflon, PMMA, polyethylene, polystyrene, PAN, polyesters,

polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, PVC, epoxy resins, rubber-styrene and neoprene

rubbers. Phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins.

UNIT V Safety in the Laboratory and Separation Techniques (15 hours)

Storage and handling of chemicals. Toxic and poisonous chemicals. Waste and fume disposal.

Precautions and first-aid procedure. Uses of different glassware. Hazard symbols. Laboratory

safety measures.

General purification techniques. Purification of solid organic compounds. Recrystallisation. Use

of mixed solvents. Use of drying agents and their properties. Sublimation.

Extraction – use of immiscible solvents. Solvent extraction. Soxhlet extraction.

Books for Study

1. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co (2011)

2. B.R. Puri & L.R.Sharma & M.S.Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal

Publishing Co (2012)

3. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, & K.C.Kalia , Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone

Publishers (2012)

Books for References

1. B.K.Sharma ., Polymer Chemistry, Goel Publishing House (1989)

2. R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan, Elements of Analytical Chemistry,

Sultan Chand & Sons. Chapter 1



INORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core Practical

Semester : I & II Hours : 45 (Each Semester)

Subject Code : 15UCHP12 Credits : 3

Objectives:

To enable the learners to

learn principles of analysis of simple salts and mixtures

Develop analytical skills in identifying the acid and basic radicals in the given unknown

mixture of salts.

Semi-Micro Qualitative analysis

Analysis of a mixture containing two anions (one simple and one interfering) and two cations (of

different groups) from the following

Cations: Lead, bismuth, copper, cadmium, iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt,

barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium.

Anions: Halides, carbonate, nitrate, sulphate, oxalate, borate, phosphate, chromate and fluoride.

Book for Study

1. Course material provided by the Department

Book for Reference

1. V.V. Ramanujam., Inorganic Semi micro qualitative Analysis (2001)

Evaluation

Continuous Internal Assessment (50 Marks)

Sl. No Components Marks

1 Observation Note book

Maintained neatly and regularly

10

2 Results of the regular Practical 20

3 Internal Test 20

TOTAL 50

End-Semester Examination (50 Marks) Duration: 3 Hours (At the end of II Semester)

Analysis of a mixture containing two acid and two basic radicals.


1 Record Notebook. Maintained neatly 05

2 Final result 40

3 Viva voce 05

TOTAL 50



BIOCHEMISTRY - I

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied-1

Semester : I Hours : 45

Subject Code : 15UCHA11 Credits : 3

Objectives

To enable the student to understand

the basics of Biochemistry

the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

preparation and reactions of amino acids and proteins

Unit I Introduction and Biomolecules (9 Hours)

Definition. Branches in Biochemistry. Biomolecules and their characteristics. Characteristics of

living matter. Concept of cell.

Carbohydrates: Occurrence and classification. Properties, structure and biological importance of

monosaccharide’s, Disaccharides and polysaccharides – examples.

Lipids: Occurrence and classification. Properties, structure and biological importance of lipids:

simple lipids, compound lipids and derived lipids- definition and examples.

Aminoacids and Peptides: Classification and Properties of amino acids. Peptides, polypeptides,

Preparation and biological importance of peptides.

Unit II Carbohydrates Metabolism (9 Hours)

Metabolism of carbohydrates (a) Glycogen synthesis and breakdown. (b) Oxidation: Glycolysis,

citric acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway. Carbohydrate metabolism in various tissues.

Chemistry of muscle contraction. Blood sugar level. Glycosuria-Diabetes Mellitus-Glucose

tolerance Glycosylated Hemoglobin. Hormonal effects of carbohydrate metabolism.

Unit III Lipid metabolism (9 Hours)

Metabolism of lipids: (a) oxidation of fatty acids (b) Biosynthesis of Fatty acids (b) Metabolism

of cholesterol. Role of liver in Lipid metabolism. Role of adipose tissue in lipid metabolism. .

Hormonal control of lipid metabolism.

UNIT IV Amino acids and Proteins (9 Hours)

Classification of proteins. Properties of proteins. Structure of proteins: primary, secondary,

tertiary and quaternary structure. Biological importance of proteins. Catabolism of amino acids

(a) conversion of α- amino acids to -keto acid (b) Disposal of Nitrogen – urea cycle (c) disposal

of carbon skeleton (d) disposal of sulphur. Biosynthesis of amino acids.

UNIT V Integration of carbohydrate, lipids and protein metabolism (9 Hours)

Inter conversion between three different metabolisms. Regulation and control of metabolism.

Text Book

Course material provided by the Department

Reference Books

1. GR Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P Agarwal, Text book of Biochemistry, 10th Edition Goel

Publishing House, Meerut (1999)

2. J.L. Jain, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, V edition S.Chand & Company Ltd (2001)

3. Powar and Chatwal, Biochemistry, Himalaya Publishing House, 4th

Edition (1999)

4. Dhaka and Singha, A Text Book of Biochemistry, Aman Publishing House (1997).

5. McKee, Biochemistry: The molecular basis of Life. 3rd

Edition. McGraw Hill (2004).



ALLIED CHEMISTRY – I

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied-1

Semester : I Hours : 45 (+30)

Subject Code : 15UCHB11 Credits : 3

Objectives


o Relation between electronic configuration and periodicity in properties of

elements

o Concept of chemical bonding

o Stereoisomerism in organic chemistry and the relation between the structure of

molecules and their colour

o the safety methods in the laboratory

Unit I Periodic Table (9 hours)

Mendeleev’s table. Merits and demerits. Long form of the periodic table and its advantages.

Classification into s,p,d and f-block elements.

Study of the variation of the following properties of elements in terms of their electronic

configurations. Atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity,

electronegativity, metallicity and their periodic variations

Unit II Chemical Bonding (9 hours)

Covalent bond: orbital overlap, hybridization, geometry of organic molecules- CH4,C2H4,C2H2,

C6H6- Molecular orbital theory, bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals. Molecular

orbitals. MO configuration of H2, N2, O2, F2. Bond order.

Diborane: Preparation and properties, structure, preparation and uses of NaHB4, Borazole

Unit III Optical Isomerism (9 hours)

Symmetry, elements of symmetry. Cause of optical activity, tartaric acid, Racemisation,

Resolution – definition. Geometric isomerism of maleic and fumaric acids. Distinguishing

geometrical isomers on the basis of dipole moments.

Unit IV Colour and Constitution (9 hours)

Chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hyperchromic effect,

hypsochromic effect. Classification of dyes.

Dyes: azo, phthalein and triphenylmethane dyes- Preparation of methyl orange, phenolphthalein

and Bismarck brown.

Unit V Safety Methods in Lab (9 hours)



safety measures.

Books for Study





Publishers (2012)

Book for Reference


Sultan Chand & Sons.



ALLIED CHEMISTRY LAB

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied Practical

Semester : I & II Hours : 30 (Each Semester)


I. VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS:

1. Estimation of sodium hydroxide using standard sodium carbonate.

2. Estimation of hydrochloric acid- standard oxalic acid.

3. Estimation of oxalic acid- standard sulphuric acid.

4. Estimation of ferrous sulphate- standard Mohr salt solution.

5. Estimation of oxalic acid- standard ferrous sulphate.

6. Estimation of potassium permanganate- standard sodium hydroxide.

II. ORGANIC ANALYSIS:

1. Detection of Elements (N, S, Halogens).

2. To distinguish between aliphatic and Aromatic.

3. To distinguish between saturated and unsaturated.

4. Functional group tests for phenols, acids (mono), aromatic primary amine,

diamide, carbohydrate, aldehyde, ketone

Functional groups characterized by confirmatory test.


EVALUATION

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) – 50 Marks

Sl.No Components Marks

1 Observation Notebook –Neatly and Regularly maintained 05

2 Practical Results – Regular Class work 25

3 Internal Test 20

TOTAL 50

End-Semester Examination (at the end of even semester - 3 hour duration)

One Volumetric estimation and an organic compound analysis to be carried out.


1 Record Note book –Neatly maintained 05

2 Volumetric Estimation -Procedure 05

3 Volumetric Estimation-Result within the prescribed error limit 20

4 Organic Analysis -Result 20

TOTAL 50



GENERAL CHEMISTRY – II

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Core -2

Semester : II Hours : 75

Subject Code : 15UCHC22 Credits : 4

Objectives:

To enable the learners to understand

the concept of chirality, optical activity and conformations of simple alkanes and

cyclohexane.

the basic concepts of Inorganic Chemistry

laws related to ideal and real gases, liquefaction methods, molecular velocities and

collision properties.

the principle involved in quantitative analysis.

the methods and materials required for products which are used in our daily life

UNIT I Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis (15 Hours)

Optical activity. Chirality. Enantiomerism. Diastereomers. Racemic modification. Resolution of

racemic mixtures. Meso compounds.

Reactions involving stereoisomers – Stereospecific and stereoselective syntheses. Asymmetric

synthesis – Partial Method.

Configuration – absolute and relative configuration. R,S notation for optical isomers with one

and two chiral centers. Erythro and threo representations.

Optical activity in compounds containing no chiral centres.- biphenyls, allenes and spiranes.

Geometrical isomerism – E,Z- notation. Methods of distinguishing geometrical isomers.

(Cyclisation, Dipole moment and Melting point methods)

Conformations- Definition. Conformations of ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Cyclohexane-

chair and boat forms. Chair inversion. Conformations of methylcyclohexane.

UNIT II Basic Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry (15 Hours)

Avogadro number .Mole concept. Mole fraction. Definition and problems. Balancing chemical

equations. Calculations based on chemical equations. Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation

number. Balancing redox equation – oxidation number and ion-electron methods. Molecular

mass and equivalent mass.- Equivalent weights of acids, bases and salts. Calculations.

UNIT III Gaseous State (15 Hours)

The kinetic theory of ideal gases. Deduction of gas laws from the kinetic gas equation. Deviation

from ideal behaviour. Van der Waals equation. Reduced equation of state. Law of corresponding

states. Compressibility factor. Critical phenomena. Andrews experiments. Van der Waals

equation and the critical constants.

Distribution of molecular velocities. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.(No derivation). Types of

molecular velocities. Calculations.

Collision properties – Mean free path – collision frequency- Collision diameter. Viscosity of

gases.

UNIT IV Titrimetric methods of Analysis (15 Hours)

General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements.

Expressing concentration – molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq)

and millimoles.

Primary and secondary standards. Criteria for primary standards. Preparation of standard

solution. Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and

equivalence point. Acid-base titrations. Indicators. Choice of indicators.

Complexometric titrations: Principle. Titrations involving EDTA- General principle. Metal ion

indicators and characteristics.

Precipitation titrations: Argentometric titrations. Indicators for precipitation titrations involving

silver. Determination of chloride by Volhard’s method. Adsorption indicators.

UNIT V Chemicals for living (15 Hours)

Preparation of Tooth powder, Tooth paste, Talcum powder, Shampoo, Perfumes, Dish washing

powder, Toilet cleaning liquids.

Wax products – Candles, Shoe polish.

Inks – Blue, Red, Printing inks, Ink for stamps

Agarbathies, Napthalene balls, Chalk crayons.

Scope of small scale industries. Agencies promoting village industries IDBI, SISI, SIPCOT etc.

Books for Study



Publishers (2012)



Books for References

1. B.S. Sekar, Small Scale Industries, Jaime Publications, Bombay (1975)

2. Malik and Agarwal, Reference Book and Directory for Small Industries, Small Industry

Research Institute, New Delhi (1975)


Sultan Chand & Sons. Chapters 5,6



BIOCHEMISTRY - II

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied-2

Semester : II Total No. of Hours : 45

Subject Code : 15UCHA22 Credits : 3

Objectives

To enable the student to learn

the mechanism of enzyme action and its applications

the structure and functions of nucleic acids

the classification and functions of harmones

the metabolic functions of vitamins

UNIT I Enzymes (9 Hours)

Enzymes. Classification of enzymes. Properties of Enzymes. Factors affecting Enzyme activity.

Nomenclature and units of enzyme activity. Enzyme Kinetics. Mechanism of Enzyme action.

coenzyme and cofactors. Diagnostic applications of Enzymes. Therapeutics uses of Enzymes.

Application of Enzymes in Food industry.

UNIT II Nucleic acids (9 Hours)

Nucleic acids. Nucleosides and Nucleotides and Biological importance. Properties and structure

of Nucleic acids: (a) DNA: Primary, secondary and tertiary structure (b) RNA: Types of RNA,

structure and functions. Genetic code and Genetic code table. Biosynthesis of proteins. viruses.

Metabolism of

Nucleic acids (a) metabolism of phosphoric acid, pentoses, Purine and pyrimidine bases (b)

metabolism of free nucleotides

UNIT III Hormones (9 Hours)

Hormones. Classification of Hormones based on chemical nature and Secreting glands.

Hierarchy of Hormonal function. Mode of action of Hormones. Chemical nature and functions of

Hormones: Pituitary, Thyroid Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonadal (sex), placental, pineal body, kidney.

UNIT IV Vitamins (9 Hours)

Vitamins. Classification of vitamins. Chemical nature and metabolic functions of fat soluble

vitamins: vitamin A, D, E and K. Chemical nature and metabolic function of water soluble

vitamins: Thiamine (B), Riboflavin (B2) Pyridoxine (B6), Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Vit.

B12, Folic acid, Para amino benzoic acid, Inositol, -Lipoic acid ,choline and vitamin C.

UNIT V Biochemical aspects of important physiological process (9 Hours)

Digestion and absorption. Detoxification. Excretion. Respiration Muscular function. Liver

function. Nervous function. Aging.

Water balance. Electrolyte balance and its maintenance. Cerebrospinal fluid. Essential elements,

macro and micro elements and general functions. Metabolic functions of Ca, P, I, and Fe.

Text Book


Reference Books

1. , GR Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P Agarwal, Text book of Biochemistry, 10th Edition

Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1999)

2. J.L. Jain, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, V edition S.Chand & Company Ltd (2001)

3. Powar and Chatwal, Biochemistry, , Himalaya Publishing House, 4th

Edition (1999)

4. Dhaka and Singha, A Text Book of Biochemistry , Aman Publishing House (1997).

5. McKee, Biochemistry: The molecular basis of Life. 3rd

Edition. McGraw Hill (2004).



ALLIED CHEMISTRY – II

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Mathematics Part : III Allied-2

Semester : II Hours : 45

Subject Code : 15UCHB22 Credits : 3

Objectives


the principle involved in quantitative analysis

structure and bonding in coordination compounds

preparation and reactions of aminoacids and carbohydrates

the theory of photochemical processes

electrolytic conductance and electrochemical cells

Unit I Titrimetric Methods (9 hours)

General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements. Expressing concentration –

molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq) and millimoles.

Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and equivalence point.

Acid-base titrations. Strong Acid – Strong Base, Strong Acid – Weak Base, Weak Acid –Strong

Base, Weak Acid – Weak Base. Indicators. Choice of indicators.

Unit II Coordination Chemistry (9 hours)

Nomenclature. Werner theory. Chelation- examples. Haemoglobin Chlorophyll - functions.

EDTA and its applications in analysis.

Unit III Life Chemistry (9 hours)

Amino Acids: Classification, preparation and properties of glycine and alanine. Isoelectric point

and zwitter ion. Peptide bond.

Classification of proteins by physical properties and by biological functions.

Carbohydartes: classification, preparation and properties of glucose and fructose. Conversion of

glucose to fructose and vice versa.

Unit IV Fundamentals of Photochemistry (9 hours)

Definition of Photochemical reactions, Grotthus Draper Law and Einstein’s Law, Quantum

Efficiency (High and Low). Jablonsky diagram. Comparison between thermal and photochemical

reactions. Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence. Photosensitisation. (Definitions

with suitable examples)

Unit V Electrochemistry (9 hours)

Measurement of conductance. Kohlraush’s law. pH determination. Conductometric titrations.

Salt hydrolysis. Buffer solutions and buffer action. Galvanic cells, e.m.f. standard electrode

potentials, reference electrodes. Electrochemical series and its applications.

Books for Study





Publishers (2012)

Books for Reference

1. Elements of Analytical Chemistry, R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan,

Sultan Chand & Sons.



ALLIED BIOCHEMISTRY – PRACTICAL

(2015-2016 onwards)

Class : I B.Sc Chemistry Part : III Allied Practical

Semester : I & II Total No. of Hours : 30 (Each Semester)


1. Qualitative tests for Protein, carbohydrate, lipids.

2. Measurement of pH.

3. Estimation of sugar – Benedict’s method

4. Estimation of calcium

5. Estimation of vitamin C

6. Estimation of Iron by colorimetry.

7. Estimation of Nickel by colorimetry

8. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography (Demonstration Only)

9. Separation of lipids by TLC (Demonstration Only)

10. Column chromatography (Demonstration Only)

.


EVALUATION





10

2 Results of the practical-Regular class work 20

3 Internal Test 20

TOTAL 50

End-Semester Examination (50 Marks )(Duration: 3 Hours)

Examination at the end of even-semester.


1 Record Notebook 10

2 Estimation - Procedure 05

3 Identification of the given sample with correct procedure 10

4 Estimation-Final Result within the prescribed error limit 20

5 Viva voce 5

TOTAL 50


B.Sc., CHEMISTRY MAJOR

(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards)

CHEMISTRY MAJOR -II YEAR

PART-III SEMESTER-III

CORE: Paper-4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I

Subject Code:

Contact Hours per week: 5 Contacts Hours per Semester: 75

Credits: 5

Objectives

1. To understand the chemistry of alkanes,cycloalkanes and predicting the stability of

cycloalkanes.

2. To study the preparation and reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons and dienes.

3. To learn the concept of chirality, optical activity and conformations of simple

alkanes and cyclohexane.

4. To study and understand the chemistry of aromatic compounds and concept of

aromaticity.

5. To study the preparation and reactions of alkyl and aryl halides.

UNIT I Alkanes and cycloalkanes (15 Hours)

Nomenclature of alkanes

Methods of formation of alkanes.-Reduction of alkenes and alkynes, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe

reaction and decarboxylation reactions. Physical properties and reactions.

Cycloalkanes – Preparation-Wurtz reaction, Dieckmann’s ring closure and reduction of aromatic

hydrocarbons. Properties and reactions. Stability of Cycloalkanes. Baeyer’s strain theory.

Limitations. Relative stability of Cycloalkanes.

UNIT II Alkenes , Alkadienes and alkynes (15 Hours)

Alkenes: Nomenclature. Geometrical isomerism in alkenes.

General methods of preparation. – dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl

halides. Dehalogenation of dihalides.

Reactions of alkenes. Addition reactions – hydrogenation. Addition of halogens and hydrogen

halides. Markownikov’s rule and peroxide effect. Hydration – Hydroboration.

Alkadienes: Nomenclature and classification. Stability of conjugated dienes. Preparation and

reactions of 1, 3-butadiene – 1,2- and 1,4-addition. Diels-Alder reaction.

Alkynes: Nomenclature. Structure of acetylene. General methods of preparation. Acidity of

alkynes. Reactions of alkynes: addition of hydrogen, hydrogen halides and water.

Unit III Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis (15 Hours)

Optical activity. Chirality. Enantiomerism. Diastereomers. Racemic modification. Resolution of

racemic mixtures. Meso compounds.

Reactions involving stereoisomers – Stereospecific and stereoselective syntheses. Asymmetric

synthesis – Partial Method.

Configuration – absolute and relative configuration. R,S notation for optical isomers with one

and two chiral centers. Erythro and threo representations.

Optical activity in compounds containing no chiral centres.- biphenyls, allenes and spiranes.

Geometrical isomerism – E,Z- notation. Methods of distinguishing geometrical isomers.

(Cyclisation, Dipole moment and Melting point methods)

Conformations- Definition. Conformations of ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Cyclohexane-

chair and boat forms. Chair inversion. Conformations of methylcyclohexane.

UNIT IV Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Benzene and alkyl benzenes (15 Hours)

Structure of benzene: Kekule structure. Stability of benzene ring with reference to heats of

hydrogenation and combustion. Resonance energy. Resonance picture of benzene. Bond lengths

in benzene. Orbital picture of benzene.

Aromaticity and Huckel’s rule. Application of Huckel’s rule to the following systems-

cyclopentadienyl anion, cycloheptatrienyl cation.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions – General mechanism. Nitration, sulphonation,

halogenation and Friedel-Craft’s reactions.

Disubstitution in benzene. Directive influence – classification of substituents – o,p- and meta-

directing groups. Effect of substituents in orientation and reactivity.

UNIT V Alkyl and Aryl Halides (15 Hours)

Alkyl Halides – Nomenclature and classification. Methods of formation. Properties and chemical

reactions. Mechanisms of SN1, SN2 and SNi reactions. Elimination reactions E1 and E2 reactions.

Preparation, properties and reactions of CHCl3, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, freons, DDT

Aryl Halides. Preparation, properties and reactions of chlorobenzene. Mechanism of nucleophilic

aromatic substitution.

Aralkylhalides: Preparation, properties and reactions of benzyl chloride. Distinction between

nuclear and side-chain halides.

TEXT BOOK

P.L.soni and H.M.Chawla, Text Book of Organic Chemistry. 28th

Edition. Sultan Chand (2006)

Reference Book

Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th

edition. Prentice Hall (2006).

Bahl and Arul Bahl, Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Chand and Company (2003)

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR


ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]


Class : I year Part : III Allied

Semester : I / III Hours : 45

Code : 12CMA114 Credit : 4

Objectives


o Concept of Chemical bonding

o Basic Industrial chemical processes used in fuels and in the synthesis of petrol

o Stereoisomerism in Organic Chemistry and the relation between the structure of

molecules and their colour

o Rates of chemical reactions, order and its determination and the application of Le

Chatelier’s principle in equilibrium processes

Unit I Chemical Bonding

1. Covalent bond: orbital overlap, hybridization, geometry of organic molecules- CH4, C2H4,

C2H2, C6H6- Molecular orbital theory, bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals.

Molecular orbitals. MO configuration of H2, N2, O2, F2. Bond order.

2. Diborane: Preparation and properties, structure, preparation and uses of NaHB4, Borazole

Unit II

Industrial Chemistry

Synthesis, properties and uses of silicones. Fuel gases: natural gas, water gas,

semi-water gas, carburetted water gas, producer gas, oil gas – composition and uses. Synthetic

petrol.

Unit III

Optical isomerism: symmetry, elements of symmetry. Cause of optical activity, tartaric acid,

Racemisation, Resolution – definition. Geometric isomerism of maleic and fumaric acids.

Distinguishing geometrical isomers on the basis of dipole moments.

Unit IV

Colour and constitution: chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift,

hyperchromic effect, hypochromic effect.

Dyes: Classification of dyes. Azo, phthalein and triphenylmethane dyes- Preparation of methyl

orange, phenolphthalein and Bismarck brown.

Unit V:

Kinetics and equilibrium

Rate, order, molecularity, pseudo first order, determination of order. Measurement of reaction

rate. Effect of temperature on the rate – Arrhenius equation. Energy of activation.

Reversible reaction. Equilibrium constant. Kp and Kc. Le-Chatelier principle - ammonia

equilibrium.

Text Book




Class : II His, Eco, Phi Part : IV NME

Semester : III Total hours : 45

Code : 12CNEA32 Credit : 2

CHEMISTRY AROUND US

(2012-2013 onwards)

Objective:

To introduce basic concepts on the importance and uses of various chemical substances

around us.

Unit 1

Composition of air. Role of various components present in air.Biological importance of

oxygen.Air pollution- acid rain, ozone depletion, green house gases and green house effect.

Unit 2

Importance of water.Natural water.Sources of water. Drinking water – making water fit to drink

– chlorination. Water pollution- Chemicals causing water contamination – contamination by

fertilisers, soaps and detergents and their effect.

Unit 3

Important nutrients – carbohydrates, fats, proteins – their role in human health.Role of vitamins,

iron, calcium, cobalt in human health.

Medicines: Antibiotics – definition – few examples.

Unit 4

Firework – chinese invention. Basic ingredients and principle of firework.Colour of firework.

Perfumes – basic composition. Fragrances.

Substances that give colour- Dyes. Hair dyes and hair colouring. Safety of hair dyes.

Unit 5

Plastics and fibres- Definition. Do we need plastics?.

Insecticides – definition and examples. Fluorine and arsenic in drinking water.Alcohol and

tobacco – harmful effects and addiction.

Textbook

Study material given by course teacher.



Class : II Part : Self Learning Course

Semester : III Total hours :

Code :12SCL133 Credit : 3

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

Unit I . Chemical Toxicology

Poisons.Types and classification.Diagnosis of poisons in the living and the dead.Clinical

symptoms.Heavy metal contamination of sea foods.Use of neutron activation analysis in

detecting arsenic in human hair.

Unit II. Crime detection

Explosives.Bomb detection.Metal detectors and other security devices. Composition of bullets

and detecting powder burns.

Unit III. Forgery and Counterfeiting

Documents. Different types of forged signatures. Use of UV rays.Comparison of type written

letters.Checking silver line and water mark in currency notes. Alloy analysis using AAS to detect

counterfeit coins. Detection of gold purity. Diamond checking.

Unit IV. Tracks and Traces

Tracks and traces. Casting of foot prints. Residue prints. Tyre patterns.Glass fracture. Tool

marks. Paints.Fibres. Analysis of biological substances..Detecting steroid consumption in

athletes.

REFERENCES

1. T.H. James, Forensic Sciences.. Stanley Thames Ltd. (2000)

2. Richard, .An Introduction to Forensic Science. 8th

edition. Prentice Hall.(2004)



ALLIED CHEMISTRY [For First Year Maths and II Year Physics]

(For students admitted from the academic year 2012-2013 onwards under the New CBCS)

Class : I year Part : III Allied

Semester : II & IV total hours : 45

Code : 12CMA223 Credit : 3

ALLIED CHEMISTRY –II

Objectives


Principle behind metallurgical processes

Structure and bonding in coordination compounds

Preparation and reactions of aminoacids and carbohydrates

Principles of chemical energetics, relation between heat and work and the concept of free

energy

Electrolytic conductance and electrochemical cells

Unit I

Metals -General methods of extraction of metals. Types of ores. Methods of ore dressing..

Reduction methods, electrical methods, types of refining Van Arkel and Zone refining.

Unit II

Coordination chemistry - Nomenclature. Werner theory. Chelation- examples. Haemoglobin

Chlorophyll - functions. EDTA and its applications in analysis.

Unit III

Amino Acids: Classification, preparation and properties of glycine and alanine. Isoelectric point

and zwitter ion. Peptide bond.

Classification of proteins by physical properties and by biological functions.

Carbohydartes: classification, preparation and properties of glucose and fructose. Conversion of

glucose to fructose and vice versa.

Unit IV

Energetics- Definition of first law thermodynamics. Types of systems. Reversible, irreversible.

Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Joule-Thomson effect. Enthalpy, bond energy. Need for the

second law. Entropy and its significance. Free energy change in a chemical reaction.

Spontaneous processes – Criteria of spontaneity of chemical reaction.

Unit V

Electrochemistry Measurement of conductance. Kohlraush’s law. pH determination.

Conductometric titrations. Salt hydrolysis. Buffer solutions and buffer action. Galvanic cells,

e.m.f. standard electrode potentials, reference electrodes. Electrochemical series and its

applications.

Text Book




Class : II Year Part : III Core

Semester : IV Total hours : 75

Code : 12CHC145 Credit : 5

INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

(2012-2013 onwards)

Objectives:

1. To understand the importance of energy and entropy changes in predicting the

feasibility of reactions

2. Enabling the learner to calculate the energy changes in physical and chemical

processes.

3. To understand the importance of phase rule and its application to one- and two-

component systems.

4. To understand the principles of chemistry of transition elements

5. To learn the chemistry of lanthanide and actinide elements.

Unit I Thermodynamics –II (15 Hours)

Limitations of first law and the need for the second law. Formulation of second law of

thermodynamics on the basis of Carnot cycle

Spontaneous processes. Criteria of spontaneity.Entropy(S). Change in entropy for reversible and

irreversible processes.

Conditions for equilibrium and spontaneity.Gibbs(G) and Helmholtz free energy(A).

Changes in S, G as criteria for spontaneous processes.Evaluation of G and S for mixing,

vapourisation.Expansion under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.

Gibbs-Duhem Equation

Unit II Chemical Equilibrium and III Law of Thermodynamics (15 Hours)

Law of mass action.Kp and Kc. Relationships between Kp and Kc. Properties of equilibrium

constants. Van’t Hoff isotherm. Derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium constant and its

relationship with free energy changes under standard conditions. Van’t Hoff isochore.Le-

Chatelier principle. Formation of ammonia – Haber’s process

Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem. Formulation of third law.Determination of

absolute entropy of solids, liquids and gases.

Unit III Phase Rule (15 Hours)

Phase rule. Concepts of phase, component and degrees of freedom. Gibbs phase rule- derivation.

Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equation and their applications to equilibria in phase

transitions (solid-liquid, liquid-vapour, soild-vapour).

One component system: Water and sulphur systems.

Two component systems: i) simple eutectic- lead-silver system

ii) Formation of compound with congruent and incongruent

melting point FeCl3-H2O and Na2SO4-H2O systems

Unit-IV Transition Elements (15 Hours)

First , second and third transition series. General characteristics.Occurrence, extraction, and uses

of Ti, Cr, Co, Ni, W and Pt.

Unit V Lanthanides and actinides (15 Hours)

Inner transition elements.Lanthanide contraction.Separation.Oxidation

states.Actinides.General properties.Extraction and uses of Th, U and Pu.

Text Books

Principles of Physical Chemistry.Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal Publishing (2003)

Inorganic Chemistry for Undergraduates.R.Gopalan, Universities Press (India). 2009

Reference Books

Modern Inorganic Chemistry.R.D.Madan. S.Chand (2004).

Text Book of Physical Chemistry.M.V.Sankaranarayanan and V.Mahadevan, Universities Press

(India). 2011.



Class : II Phy, Mat, RDS Part : IV NME

Semester : IV Total hours : 45

Code : 12CNES42 Credit : 2

CHEMISTRY AND LIFE

(2012-2013 onwards)

Objective:

To introduce basic concepts on the importance and uses of various chemical substances

in our life.

Unit 1

Hydrocarbons and fossil fuels – Cooking gas, CNG, coal and petroleum -Basic discussion.

Nuclear energy: Principle. Nuclear reactors in India

Solar Energy: Principle of solar energy conversion to electricity.

Environmental issues related to fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

Unit 2

Important nutrients – carbohydrates, fats, proteins – their role in human metabolism.Role of

vitamins, iron, calcium, cobalt in human health.

Food additives – importance and types

Medicines: Antibiotics – definition – few examples.

Unit 3

Firework – chinese invention. Basic ingredients and principle of firework.Colour of firework.

Perfumes – basic composition. Fragrances.

Substances that give colour- Dyes. Hair dyes and hair colouring. Safety of hair dyes.

Unit 4

Plastics and fibres- Definition. Do we need plastics?.

Pesticides- Natural and Synthetic. Insecticides – definition and examples. Fluorine and arsenic in

drinking water.Alcohol and tobacco – harmful effects and addiction.

Unit 5

Nucleic acids – Elementary idea on the structure of DNA and RNA – their role.Hormones in our

body.Their functions and deficiency symptoms.

Textbook

Study material given by the course teacher.



Class : II Part : Self Learning Course

Semester : IV Total hours :

Code : 12SLC143 Credit :3

FOOD CHEMISTRY

UNIT I Introduction to Food and Nutrition

Malnutrition, overnutrition and undernutrition.Relation to normal physical development and

health. Nutrients: classification and function. Function of Food, basic food groups.

Nutritive value of food groups: cereals and millets, pulses, nuts and oil seeds, fats and oils, sugar,

milk and milk products, Egg and flesh foods, fish and sea foods vegetables, fruits, spices and

condiments, Beverages, Novel protein. Recommended dietary allowances.Planning of balanced

diet.

UNIT II Effect of Cooking and Nutritive value of food:

Effect of cooking on various nutrients.Effect of cooking and food processing on different food

groups.

Unit III Food adulteration and Hygiene:

common adulterants in different foods. Contamination of food with toxic chemicals, pesticides

and insecticides.Insect and Rodent contamination of stored foods.

UNIT IV Food additives

Need for food additives: Antioxidants, chelating agents, colouring agents, curing agents,

Emulsions, Flavours and flavour enhancers, flavour improvers, Humectants and anticaking

agents, leaving agents, Nutrient supplements, non-nutritive sweeteners, pH control agents,

preservatives, stabilizers and thickeners, other additives, additives and food safety, unintentional

additives.

UNIT V Food Storage

Food deterioration.Processing by heat, cold, chilling, deep freezing, Drying, concentration,

Fermentation, Radiation.

Reference:

1. N.ShakuntalaManay and M.Shadaksharaswamy , Foods – Facts and Principle --Wiley

Eastern Limited (1987).

2. M.Swaminathan , Advanced Text book on Food and Nutrition. Vol .I Vol. II Rappco

(2000)





CHEMISTRY MAJOR – III YEAR

PART-III SEMESTER – V

CORE: Paper-6 Organic Chemistry – II

Subject Code:

Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90

Credits: 6

Objectives

1. To learn the chemistry of alcohols, phenols and ethers

2. To study the synthetic methods and reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

3. To study the preparation, reactions and properties of carboxylic acids and their

derivatives.

4. To learn the chemistry of amines, nitro compounds and diazonium compounds.

5. To understand the principles of organic synthesis and to study the synthetic

applications of EAA, Malonic ester and Organometallics.

Unit I Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (18 Hours)

Alcohols: Nomenclature. Classes of alcohols. General methods of preparation. Hydroboration of

alkenes. Properties. Hydrogen bonding in alcohols. Acidity. Reactions of alcohols. Distinction

between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

Preparation, properties and reactions of allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.

Phenols: Nomenclature. Methods of preparation. Acidity. Effect of substituents on the acidity of

phenols. Reactions of Phenols- Kolbe’s reaction. Reimer-Tieman reaction, Gattermann reaction,

Lederer-Manasse reaction and Houben-Hoesch reaction. Mechanism of the above reactions.

Fries rearrangement.

Ethers and epoxides. Preparation and reactions of diethyl ether, anisole and ethylene oxide.

Estimation of methoxy group. Zeisel Method.

Unit II Carbonyl Compounds (18 Hours)

Nomenclature. Structure of carbonyl group. General methods of preparation of aliphatic

aldehydes and ketones. Physical properties. Acidity of -hydrogen. Chemical reactions-

Haloform reaction. Nucleophilic addition reactions. Addition of ammonia derivatives.

Condensation reactions- Mechanism of aldol, Cannizarro,Tischenko reactions. Oxidation –

Reaction with Tollen’s, Fehling’s reagents. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones. Reduction by

MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner and complex metal hydrides.

Aromatic aldehydes: Benzaldehyde. General methods of formation. Reactions, Claisen, Perkin,

Benzoin, Knoevenagel reactions.

Acetophenone and benzophenone. Preparation and reactions.

p-benzoquinone – Preparation and reactions.

Tautomerism – keto-enol, amido-imido. (Examples only)

Mechanism of the following reactions – pinacol-pinacolone and Beckmann rearrangements.

Unit III Carboxylic acids and their Derivatives (18 Hours)

Preparation and reactions. Acidity of carboxylic acid. Effect of substituents on the acidity.

Conversion to functional derivatives. Reduction. HVZ reaction.

Preparation and reactions of acrylic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid.

Substituted acids: Preparation and reactions of glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid,

anthranilic acid, glyoxalic acid and pyruvic acid. Action of heat on , - and - hydroxy- and

amino acids.

Saturated dicarboxylic acids: Preparation and reactions of oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids.

Action of heat on dicarboxylic acids. Phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride and phthalimide.

Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids: Maleic and fumaric acids. Preparation and reactions.

Mechanism of Benzilic acid rearrangement.

Unit IV Nitrogen Compounds (18 Hours)

Aromatic Nitro compounds – Nitrobenzene. Preparation and reactions. Reduction products of

nitrobenzene.

Amines: Classification. Preparation and reactions. Bascity of amines. Separation of a mixture of

primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Basicity of aliphatic amines. Effect of substituents on the

basicity of aromatic amines.

Aliphatic diazo compounds: Diazomethane, diazoacetic ester. Preparation and reactions.

Benzene diazonium chloride: Preparation structure and reactions.

Mechanism of Benzidin and Hoffman rearrangements.

Lactam-lactim, nitro-acinitro tautomerism.

Unit V Principles of Organic Synthesis (18 Hours)

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: alkylation of active methylene compounds-ethyl

acetoacetate and malonic ester. Synthetic applications of ethylacetoacetate and malonic ester.

Diels-Alder reactions- synthesis of cyclic compounds.

Synthesis using organometallic compounds

Organomagnesium compounds: Grignard reagents. Preparation, structure and chemical

reactions.Organozinc compounds- Preparation and reactions. Reformatsky reaction.

Organolithium compounds – Preparation and reactions of phenyl lithium.

Textbook

1. Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th

edition. Prentice Hall (2006)

2. P. L. Soni and H. M. Chawla, Text Book of Organic Chemistry. 28th

Edition. S. Chand (2006)

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ,KARUMATHUR-625514


B.Sc. CHEMISTRY MAJOR


CHEMISTRY MAJOR –IIIYEAR

PART – IIISEMESTER – V

CORE: Paper – 7 Inorganic Chemistry

Subject Code: 12CHC256

Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90 Credits: 6

Objectives

1. To acquire a thorough understanding of classification, bonding and properties of

coordinationcompounds.

2. To study the chemistry of metal carbonyls and nitrosyls.

3. To study the chemistry of organo-transition metal complexes and their applications in

industrial processes.

4. To study the role of metal complexes in biological systems.

Unit I Coordination Compounds (18 Hours)

Introduction. Nomenclature. Types of ligands. Coordination number – examples for C.N.2, 3, 4,

5 and 6. Isomerism in coordination compounds:Structural Isomerism - ionization, hydration,

linkage, coordination, ligand,polymerization. Stereo Isomerism - geometrical and optical

isomerism. Stability of Complexes. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability (no derivation).

Chelation -chelate effect. Factors affecting Chelation. Structure of EDTA and DMG.

Unit II Bonding in Coordination Compounds (18 Hours)

Theories: Werner’s theory. Valence BondTheory (VBT) – High and low spin states.

Hybridisation – sp3, dsp

2, dsp

3, sp

3d

2and d

2sp

3. Applications of VBT to octahedral, tetrahedral

and square planar complexes. Magnetic properties of complexes.

Crystal Field Theory(CFT) –postulates –crystal field splitting in transition metal ions in

tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral fields. High and low spin octahedral complexes. Factors

influencing Crystal Field splitting. Uses and limitations of CFT.Jahn-Teller distortion in

octahedral complexes. Magnetic properties. Spectral properties – colour of

complexes.Spectrochemical series and Trans effect - Applications. Molecular Orbital Theory

(MOT) –Application of MOT to octahedral complexes.

Unit III Metal Carbonyls and Nitrosyls (18 Hours)

Metal Carbonyls. EAN rule and its application to the carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.

Bonding in metal carbonyls – molecular orbitals of CO. General methods of preparation of

carbonyls – direct combination and reductive carbonylation. Structure determination of Ni(CO)4,

Fe(CO)5, and Mn2(CO)10.

Metal Nitrosyls – Preparation and structure of sodium nitroprusside. EAN rule applied to

[Co(CO)3(NO)]

Unit IV Organo Transition metal Compounds (18 Hours)

Basic Concepts. Structure and bonding in Zeise’s salt and Ferrocene.

Transition metal complexes as homogeneous catalysts – Alkene hydrogenation,

hydroformylation, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process.

Heterogeneous catalysis - Zeigler-Natta polymerization, Fischer-Tropschprocess and Haber’s

process.

Unit V Bioinorganic Chemistry (18 Hours)

Introduction. Metal complexes in biological systems – chlorophyll, cyanocobalamine.

Iron containing oxygen carriers – Introduction. Myoglobin and hemoglobin. Structure of the

prosthetic group. Mechanism of binding of oxygen and CO to myoglobin and

hemoglobin.Copper containing enzyme – Structure and functions of superoxide dismutase

(SOD).Zinc containing enzyme – Structure and functions of carbonic anhydrase.

Reference Books

1. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, O. K. Medhi.Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of

Structure and Reactivity. 4th

Edition.Pearson Education (2008).

2. D. Banerjea, Coordination Chemistry. 3rd

Edition. Asian Books (2009).

3. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, P. L. Gaus. Basic Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd

Edition. Wiley

India (2007).

4. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, M. Bochmann.Advanced Inorganic

Chemistry. 6th

Edition.Wiley India (2012).

5. B. E. Douglas, D. H. McDaniel, J. J. Alexander. Concepts and Models of Inorganic

Chemistry. 3rd

Edition. Wiley India (2011).

6. R. M. Roat-Malone.Bioinorganic Chemistry – A Short Course.John Wiley & Sons

(2013).





CHEMISTRY MAJOR –III YEAR

PART-III SEMESTER-V

CORE: Paper-8 Physical Chemistry-I


Contact Hours per week: 6 Contact Hours per Semester: 90 Credits: 6

Objectives

1. To understand the kinetics and the order of chemical reactions.

2. To study the theory of separation of liquid mixtures and to study the distribution law and its

applications.

3. To understand the description of structure of atom in terms of Schrodinger equation.

4. To study the laws, processes and reactions of photochemistry

5. To write C programmes for simple chemical calculations.

Unit I Chemical Kinetics (18 Hours)

Introduction. Rate of reaction. Rate law and rate constants. Order and molecularity of reactions.

Derivation of rate constant and half life period for first and second order reactions. Examples for

first and second order reactions.Third order reactions. (No Derivation).Methods of determining

the order of a reaction. Complex reactions- consecutive, parallel and reversible reactions-

Elementary idea. Influence of temperature on the rate of a reaction. Arrhenius rate equation and

its significance.Bimolecular collision theory. Theory of absolute reaction rates. Lindemann’s

hypothesis.

Unit II Solutions of Non-Electrolytes (18 Hours)

Ideal solutions. Vapou pressure-composition diagram of solution.Raoult’s law. Positive and

negative deviations from the law.

Principle of fractional distillation. Steam distillation. Binary systems. Azeotropic distillation.

Partially miscible binary liquid systems. Critical solution temperature. –UCST, LCST, both

UCST and LCST. Effect of addition of solute on CST. Solubility of gases in liquids. Henry’s

law.

Distribution law: Thermodynamic derivation. Limitation of the law. Application of studying

association, dissociation and solvation. Study of formation of complex ions. Solvent extraction.

Efficiency of extraction.

Unit III Quantum Chemistry (18 Hours)

Dual nature of electrons -De Broglies particle-wave duality. Davisson-Germer experiment -

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Probability concept of electron. Schrodinger wave equation.

Interpretation of wave function. Eigen Equation, Eigenvalues and Eigenfunction. Operator-

Commuting,Hermitian. Solution of wave equation for particle in a one dimensional. Schrodinger

equation for hydrogen atom. Probability densities of orbitals.

Unit IV Photochemistry (18 Hours)

Comparison of thermal and photochemical reactions. Laws of photochemistry. Beer-Lambert

law. Grothus-Draper law. Stark-Einstein law. Quantum efficiency and its determination, reason

for low and high efficiency. Consequences of light absorption by atoms and molecules. Jablonski

energy level diagram. Primary and secondary photo physical processes.- Radiationless transition-

Internal conversion and intersystem crossing. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence –

Applications.

Experimental study of photochemical reactions. Qualitative aspect of photochemical H2-Cl2 and

H2-Br2 reactions.Basic concepts of photosensitized reactions. Flash photolysis and

chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence.

Unit V Computer Applications in Chemistry (18 Hours)

Application of C language in Chemistry- Computation of simple problems in chemistry –

1) Half-life period 2) Normality, molarity and molality of solutions 3) RMS velocity 4) ionic

strength of an electrolyte and 5) Beer-Lambert law.

Application of spreadsheet programme for solving simple chemical problems – Hydrolysis of

ester-first order kinetics.

Text Book

1. Principles of Physical Chemistry. Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal

Publishing.Revised Edition-2013, Chapters 7,16,17,20,23,25

2. Computer Applications in Chemistry, K.V.Raman, Tata McGraw-Hill (1980)

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625 514




CHEMISTRY MAJOR -III YEAR

PART-III SEMESTER-V

CORE: Chemistry Lab -III Organic Analysis and Estimation

Subject Code:

Contact Hours per week: 4 Contacts Hours per Semester: 60 Credits: 3

Objectives:

To enable the learners to

learn the principles of Organic analysis

Develop the skills in analyzing the given organic compound, finding the

functional group and to prepare a suitable derivative.

1. Identification of acidic, basic, phenolic and neutral organic substances.

2. Detection of N,S and halogens

3. Test for aliphatic and aromatic nature of compounds

4. Test for saturation and unsaturation

5. Identification of functional groups

Carboxylic acids, Phenols, aldehydes, ketones, reducing sugars, primary amines, amides.

6. Estimation of Phenol

7. Estimation of aniline.

Text Book

Course material to be supplied by the Department

Reference Book

Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry. 4th

edition. ELBS, 1984.

Evaluation



1 Regular practical observation 10

2 Results of the practicals 25

3 Internal Test 15

TOTAL 50

End-Semester Examination (50 Marks). (At the end of odd-semester)


1 Record Notebook. Maintained neatly 05

2 Procedure- volumetric estimation 05

3 Identification of the organic compound 15

4 Estimation- within the prescribed limit 20

5 Viva voce 05

TOTAL 50




Class : III year Part : III Core Elective

Semester : V Total hours : 60

Code : 12CHE153 Credit : 3

CORE ELECTIVE –III: Polymer Chemistry

(For students admitted from the academic year 2008-2009 onwards under the New CBCS)

Objectives

1. To study the classification and preparation methods of polymers.

2. To understand the relationship between polymer structure and properties.

3. To study the chemistry of important polymers. UNIT I. Introduction to polymers. Monomers and polymers. Definition. Classification of

polymers on the basis of microstructures, macrostructures and applications. Distinction among

plastics, elastomers and fibers. Homochain and heterochain polymers. Copolymers. UNIT II. Chemistry of Polymerisation. Chain polymerisation. Free radical, ionic, coordination

and step polymerisation. Polyaddition and poly condensation. UNIT III. Physical properties and Reactions. Glass transition temperature. Definition. Factors

affecting Tg. Relationship between Tg and molecular weight and melting point. Importance of

Tg. Molecular weight of polymers. Number average, weight average, sedimentation and

viscosity average molecular weights. Molecular weights and degree of polymerization.

Reactions – hydrolysis, hydrogenation. Addition/ Cross-linking-vulcanisation. Polymer

degradation. UNIT IV. Primary and secondary bond forces in polymers – coherence energy – structure –

property relationship -

Mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame resistance, chemical resistance,

degradability and electrical conductivity. UNIT V. Important polymers – Teflon, PMMA, polyethylene, polystyrene, PAN, polyesters,

polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, PVC, epoxy resins, rubber-styrene and neoprene

rubbers. Phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins.

REFERENCE

1. Billmeyer, F.W. Text Book of Polymer Science, Wiley, New York (1984).

2. Gowariker and Viswanathan., Polymer Science. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi (1978).

3. Sharma, B.K.Polymer Chemistry. Goel Publishing House, New Delhi (1989).




(For those joined in the Academic year 2012-2013onwards)

PART-III SEMESTER-V

Self-Learning Course 12CSL153 FUEL CHEMISTRY

Credits: 1

Objectives: Elaborate study of Fuels: Introduction - classification - preparation - properties - their sources of energy -

storage - alternate fuels - applications

UNIT-I Fuels And Combustion – Introduction – Classification of Fuels – Differences among solid, liquid and

gaseous fuels – calorific value – calorific intensity – explosive limits of inflammability – Characteristics

of a Good Fuel - Solid fuels - Wood

UNIT-II Coal – Types of Coal – Selection of Coal – Analysis of Coal - Proximate analysis

Carbonisation of coal – Application of coal gas – Gaseous fuels – components and composition of

producer gas, water gas, biogas and LPG

UNIT-III Liquid fuels – Petroleum – Cracking – Advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking –

Synthetic Petrol – Knocking – Antiknocking agents – Octane number of petrol and Diesel - Diesel index

– Differences between petrol and diesel

UNIT-IV

Residual fuel oils – Asphalt – Aviation fuel – advantages – Kerosene as a fuel. Analysis and testing of

liquid and gaseous fuels - Utilization of fuels

UNIT-V Other sources of energy –– Electricity Power – Solar power: principles – Alternative Fuels – Alcohols –

Promising Biofuel: An aternative source to diesel and petrol

Nuclear fuels – Nuclear reactor – Nuclear fission – Nuclear fusion

Reference Books:

1. Industrial Chemistry (including chemical engineering) – B.K. Sharma – Goel Publishing House,

New Delhi (1997)

2. Engineering Chemistry: A Text Book – M.R. Balasubramanian, S.Krishnamoorthy, Murugesan –

Allied Publishers, Chennai (1993)

3. Fundamental concepts of Applied Chemistry – Jayashree Ghosh – S. Chand, New Delhi (2006)

4. Applied chemistry – K.Bhagavathi Sundari – MJP Publishers (2006)




Question Pattern for End-Semester Examination (Duration: 3 Hours)

(For Core papers only)

Sl.No Section Marks

1

Section A

Multiple-Choice questions.

Two questions from each unit

10 questions. No choice

10 x 1= 10 marks

2

Section B



explanation type questions


Minimum of two questions from each unit

10 x 3 = 30 marks

3

Section C

5 questions – One from each unit.

Internal choice


5 x 6 = 30 marks

4

Section D



3 x 10 = 30 marks




Question Paper Pattern for

Core Elective, Allied, Non-Major Elective

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 100

Sl.No Section Marks

1

Section A



explanationtype questions.


10 x 2 = 20 marks

2

Section B

5 questions – out of 6 questions


5 x 7 = 35 marks

3

Section C



3 x 15 = 45 marks

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625514





PART-III SEMESTER-VI

CORE: Paper-9 Organic Chemistry-III



Credits: 6

Objectives

1. To study the chemistry of polycyclic hydrocarbons

2. To study the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds and dyes.

3. To understand the structure and reactions of carbohydrates.

4. To study the structure elucidation and synthesis of alkaloids and terpenes.

5. To study and apply spectrometric techniques in studying the structure of organic

compounds.

Unit I Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (18 Hours)

Isolated Systems: Diphenyl and diphenyl methane. Preparation and reactions

Fused ring systems: Preparation and reactions of Naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.

Structural elucidation of naphthalene and anthracene.

Preparation and reactions of naphthols, naphthylamines and anthraquinone.

Carcinogenic hydrocarbons.

Unit II Heterocyclic Compounds and Dyes (18 Hours)

Nomenclature. Preparation, properties and reactions of pyrrole, furan, thiophen, pyridine, indole,

quinoline and isoquinoline.

Dyes- Theories of colour and constitution. Classification according to structure and applications.

Preparation and uses of Methyl orange, Bismarck brown, malachite green, phenolphthalein

,fluorescein, indigo and alizarin

Unit III Carbohydrates (18 Hours)

Carbohydrates: Classification. Monosaccharides -Properties and reactions. Structure elucidation

of glucose and fructose. Epimerisation and mutarotation. Ring structure and conformation.

Descending, ascending and inter-conversions of monosaccharides. Determination of ring size.

Disaccharides – Sucrose, maltose and lactose – Structure and properties. (No structure

elucidation).

Polysaccharides- Starch and cellulose. Properties and uses.

Unit IV Alkaloids and Terpenes (18 Hours)

Alkaloids:General methods of isolation. General structure determination. Structural elucidation

of coniine, piperine and nicotine.

Terpenes: Classification. Occurrence. Isolation. General properties. Isoprene rule.

Structuralelucidation of citral and geraniol. Preparation and properties of menthol and alpha-

pinene.

Unit V Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds (18 Hours)

UV-Visible spectroscopy: types of electronic transition. Chromophore, auxochrome.

Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. UV spectrum of

conjugated dienes. Carbonyl compounds. Woodward-Fieser rules applied to conjugated dienes

and ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Simple examples.

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular vibrations. Finger print region. Characteristic absorption of

functional groups. Interpretation of IR spectra of simple molecules.

NMR Spectrum: Fundamental concepts. Chemical shift. Shielding and de-shielding. Area of

signals. Spin-spin splitting. Coupling constants. Interpretation of PMR spectra of ethyl bromide,

ethanol, acetaldehyde.

TEXT BOOK

Advanced Organic Chemistry. Bahl and Arun Bahl. S. Chand. Chapters 5, 28, 39, 40, 42

and 43. and 51. Revised Edition 2010.

REFERENCE BOOK

Organic Chemistry. Morrison and Boyd. 6th

Edition. Prentice Hall.Chapters 17,28,33,34

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625514






CORE: Paper-10 Industrial Chemistry Subject Code: 12CHC265


Objectives

1. To study the applications of chemical principles in various industrial manufacturing

processes like petrochemicals, sugar, fertilizers, pesticides and paper industry.

2. The study the principles and importance of green chemistry concepts.

Unit I Petrochemicals (12 Hours)

Crude oil. Constitution and distillation. Composition of different distillates. Ignition point, flash

point and octane number. Cracking. Catalysts used in petroleum industries – structure, selectivity

and applications. Manufacture of synthetic petrol. Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch processes/

Manufacture of petrochemicals – acetaldehyde, acetic acid, phenol, cumene, linear alkyl

benzenes.

Unit II Sugar Industry (12 Hours)

Sugar Industry in India. Sugar cane and sugar beet – manufacture of cane sugar. Extraction of

juice – concentration – separation of crystals – sulphitation and carbonation – testing and

estimation of sugar. Bagasse – use of Bagasse for the manufacture of paper and electricity.

Unit III Fertilisers and Pesticides (12 Hours)

Classification of fertlisers – urea, super phosphate and potassium nitrate. Mixed fertliser –

fertliser industry in India

Insecticides and pesticides – Definition. Classification. Inorganic pesticides. Lead arsenate, Paris

Green, Lime, sulphur, hydrocyanic acid. Organic pesticides – Natural and synthetic. Fungicuides

– Repellants.

Unit IV Paper and Pulp industry (12 Hours)

Introduction. Manufacture of pulp – sulphite pulp, soda pulp and rag pulp. Beating, refining,

filling, sizing and coloring. Manufacture of paper, calendaring.

Unit V Principles of Green Chemistry (12 Hours)

Definition. Need for Green chemistry. Difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental

Chemistry. Waste minimization techniques. 12 principles of green chemistry. One example

illustrating each principle.

Visit to the above industries and submission of report

REFERENCES

1. Chemical Process Industries. Schreve. McGraw Hill

2. Industrial Chemistry. B.K.Sharma. Goel Publishing House (2003)

3. Green Chemistry. An Introductory Text. Royal society of Chemistry (UK) (2002)







CORE: Paper-11 Physical Chemistry-II

Subject Code:


Credits: 6

Objectives

1. To study the behavior of ions in solution.

2. To study the principles of pH, buffer solutions and salt hydrolysis.

3. To understand the basics of electrodes, electrode potential and electrochemical cells.

4. To study the theory of spectroscopic techniques- Microwave, IR, Raman, NMR and ESR.

5. To study the basic concepts of group theory.

Unit I Solutions of Electrolytes –Conduction (18 Hours)

Electrolytic conduction. Faradays laws of electrolysis. Specific, equivalent and molar

conductance. Variation of conductance with dilution. Strong and weak electrolytes. Ionic

mobility. Determination of ionic mobilities. Transport number. Determination of transport

number by Hittorf and moving boundary method. Kohlrausch’s law. Applications of

Kohlrausch’s law.

Applications of conductance measurements- conductometric titrations. Ostwald’s dilution law.

Theory of strong electrolytes – Debye-Huckel theory. Onsager equation and its significance.

Unit II Ionic Equilibria (18 Hours)

Ionic product of water. pH of acids and bases. Common ion effect. solubility product of

sparingly soluble salts. Buffer solutions. Derivation of Hendersen equation. Hydrolysis of salts,

Degree of hydrolysis, Hydrolysis constant- salt of weak acid and strong base, salt of strong acid

and weak base, salt of weak acid and weak base. Relationship between Kh,Ka,Kb and Kw

Unit III Electrochemical Cells (18 Hours)

Galvanic cells. Reversible and irreversible cells. Emf and its measurements. Standard cells.

Electrode reactions. Measurement of electrode potentials. Standard electrode potentials. Sign

convention. Reference electrodes – standard hydrogen , calomel and quinhydrone electrodes.

Electrochemical series and its significance.

Concentration cells with and without transference. Liquid junction potentials. Derivation of

Nernst equation for emf of cells.

Applications of emf measurements. Determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass

electrodes. Potentiometric titrations. Applications of concentration cells. Overvoltage.

Unit IV Spectroscopy (18 Hours)

Molecular spectroscopy: Introduction. Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Microwave spectroscopy: Rotation of molecules. Rotational spectrum of simple diatomic

molecules.

IR spectroscopy: Vibration of diatomic molecules. Simple harmonic and anharmonic vibrations.

Characteristic group vibrations.

Raman spectroscopy: Introduction. Molecular polarisability. Selection rules. Mutual exclusion

principle.

Magnetic resonance: Theory of PMR spectroscopy. Instrumentation. Chemical shift and Spin-

spin coupling. CMR - Introduction

EPR Spectroscopy: Basic Idea. Hyperfine splitting. Applications-hydrogen atom, methyl radical

Unit V Group theory (18 Hours)

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Illustrations. Products of symmetry operations.

Properties of group-classes and subgroups.

Point groups – Discussion on H2,O2,N2, CO2,H2O,H2S,SO2,BF3,[PtCl4]2-

,Ni(CO)4,PCl5

Group multiplication table - Discussion on NH3 and Water molecules.

TEXT BOOK

Principles of Physical Chemistry. Puri, Sharma and Pathania. Vishal Publishing..Revised

Edition-2013 Chapters 17,18,19,22.

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625 514





CORE ELECTIVE-2 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Sub

Code:12CHE163


Objectives:

To learn the safety methods in the laboratory

To understand the basic principles and procedures in separation and purification of

organic compounds.

To understand the principles involved in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

To know about error analysis and its implications in experiments.

UNIT I Safety in the laboratory and separation Techniques (12 hours)



safety measures.

General purification techniques. Purification of solid organic compounds. Recrystallisation. Use

of mixed solvents. Use of drying agents and their properties. Sublimation.

Extraction – use of immiscible solvents. Solvent extraction. Soxhlet extraction.

Unit II Chromatographic techniques (12 hours)

Chromatography – Principle of adsorption and partition chromatography.

Column chromatography: Adsorbents. Classification of adsorbents. Solvents. Preparation of

column. Adsorption. Recovery of substances and application.

Thin layer Chromatography: Choice of adsorbent. Choice of solvent. Preparation of

chromatogram. Rf value.

Paper chromatography: Solvent used. Rf value. Factors which affect Rf value. Different types

paper chromatography.

Gas chromatography: Principle. Experimental techniques and application.

Unit III Titrimetric methods of analysis (12Hours)

General principle of titrimetric methods of analysis. Requirements.

Expressing concentration – molarity, molality, normality, Wt%, ppm, milliequivalents (mEq)

and millimoles.

Primary and secondary standards. Criteria for primary standards. Preparation of standard

solution. Standardisation of solutions. Limitations of volumetric analysis. Endpoint and

equivalence point. Acid-base titrations. Indicators. Choice of indicators.

Complexometric titrations: Principle. Titrations involving EDTA- General principle. Metal ion

indicators and characteristics.

Precipitation titrations: Argentometric titrations. Indicators for precipitation titrations involving

silver.Determination of chloride by Volhard’s method. Adsorption indicators.

Unit IV Gravimetric methods of Analysis (12Hours)

Principle of gravimetric analysis. Formation of precipitates. Characteristics of precipitating

agents. Choice of precipitants and conditions of precipitation. Specific and selective precipitants.

DMG, oxine, cupron, cupferron, salicylaldoxime, ethylene diamine. Use of sequestering agents.

Co-precipitation and post precipitation. Precipitation from homogeneous solution.

Unit V Error and analysis of experimental results (12 Hours)

Error analysis. Definition of terms. Absolute and relative error. Precision and accuracy.

Classification of errors. Sources and elimination of errors. Significant figures and computation.

Analysis of experimental results: Graphical method. Curve fitting. Method of least squares.

Text Book

R. Gopalan, P.S. Subramanian and K. Rangarajan , Elements of Analytical Chemistry, Sultan

Chand & Sons. Chapters 1,4,5,6,8 and 9

Reference Book

David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry. McGraw Hill (2000).

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR -625 514





PART-IIISEMESTER-VI

CORE: Chemistry Lab -IV Gravimetry and Preparation

Subject Code:

Contact Hours per week: 4 ContactHours per V Semester: 30 Hrs Credits: 3

VI Semester: 30 Hrs

Gravimetric Estimations

1. Estimation of lead as lead chromate

2. Estimation of barium as barium chromate

3. Estimation of calcium as calcium oxalate monohydrate

4. Estimation of copper as CuSCN

Organic preparations

1. Hydrolysis - Acid from an ester/amide

2. Acetylation - Acetanilide from aniline

3. Oxidation - Benzoic acid from benzaldehyde

Inorganic preparations

1. Potash alum (or) Chrome alum

2. Prussian blue

3. Tetraamminecopper(II)sulphate

Text Book

Course material to be provided by the department.





10

2 Results of the practical

25

3 Internal Test 15

TOTAL 50

End-Semester Examination (50 Marks)


1 Record Notebook 5

2 Gravimetric Estimation –Procedure 5

3 Estimation-Final Result within the prescribed error limit 20

4 Organic preparation – Final result 15

5 Viva voce 5

TOTAL 50

ARUL ANANDAR COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), KARUMATHUR 625514





Self-Learning Course GEOCHEMISTRY Sub Code: CSL163

Credits: 1

Course Objectives

1. To introduce students to the basic concepts of geochemistry

2. To introduce students to several up-to-date issues which are widely discussed in the fieldof

geochemistry

3. To orient students to the current status of numerous chemical analysis techniques

4. commonly used in the field of geochemistry

5. To provide students with opportunity to discuss about their research topics in terms of

geochemistry

Unit 1: Introduction to Geochemistry

Origin, distribution and cycles of elements in the Earth. Evolution of the ocean and

atmosphere.Introduction to geochemical process in natural waters, sedimentary, igneous and

metamorphic rocks.

Unit 2: Applied Geochemistry

Exploration Geochemistry: distribution of elements in rocks, soils, sediments and other natural

media in relation to mineralisation; application of geochemical techniques to mineral

exploration. Applied Geochemistry: studies emphasising the application of geochemical

principles and techniques to environmental problem solving.

Unit 3: Analytical Geochemistry

Application of chemical and instrumental methods to the analysis of silicate rocks, minerals and

related media; decomposition techniques, analytical quality control and assurance, sampling

problems in geochemistry.

Unit 4: Hydrogeology

Theory of groundwater flow; flow nets, regional groundwater resources evaluation; role of

groundwater in geologic processes; well hydraulics; groundwater chemistry and sources of

contamination.

Unit 5: Introduction to Soil Science

Physical, chemical and biological properties of soils; weathering and soil formation; principles of

identification; classification; nature and distribution of major kinds of soils.

Reference Books:

1. Arthur Brownlow – Geochemistry, 2

nd edition, 1996, Prentice Hall

2. Gunter Faure – Principles and Applications of Geochemistry, 2nd

Edition, 1998

3. Online Textbook: Geochemistry, by William White

(http://www.imwa.info/geochemistry/)

4. Online Lecture Note: Isotope Geochemistry, by William White

(http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo656/656notes03.html)

http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo656/656notes03.html