art & technology
TRANSCRIPT
Art & Technology
Since beginning peoples expressed their desire in a visual form. Events that describe the
existence, struggle to overcome various problems in life as well as hunting and many other
things then realized through the skills of members of its body, namely by hand, either to paint or
sculpt. As the story of the hunt in the prehistoric paintings on display on the walls of the Lascaux
caves in France, or carved on Borobudur temple reliefs depicting human behavior that is still
bound by lust (Kamadatu level).
Ilustration. Borobudur relief photo by Shintu
With the development and interest in science, particularly in the field of optics and
chemistry, led the invention of photography. This new media pioneered by figures such as
Nicéphore Niepce and then refined by JM. Daquerre. New means that no longer relies on the
skills of the members of this body, the equipment resulting from the imitation of the work of the
human body, the eyes and the brain. This indicates a functional understanding of related
techniques. As by E. Kapp and a biologist and philosophy expressed in understanding "organ
projection" the description is a member of the human body can project and the advanced
functions of the human body in the form of equipment.1
1 1Prof.Dr.C.A.van Peursen, Strategi Kebudayaan, Kanisius, Yogyakarta 1976, hal 121
Ilustration 2. Camera and human eye, courtesy Strategi Kebudayaan
The findings of this photographic medium then perform its functions in a variety of needs,
ranging from capturing the image in the event of marriage, birth, death, the need for laboratory
research, completeness illustrations in books, promotional needs in the fields of trade, politics
and also used to meet the needs of expression etc. Thus expanding the role of photography in
the community needs. Many ways are used to propagate the current photographic camera
products are made in such a way to attract attention. Some are made in a way -‐ a way that is
quite sensational, as the slogan says that painting is dead. Tips like that sometimes it is needed
in the world of promotion, in order to arouse the attention of then absorb the message in
memory of the products are marketed. As a finding photography is stunning, too much
development is characterized by innovation -‐ innovation and managed to encourage the
emergence of forms -‐ new forms of expression which also marks the distinctive characteristics
of the media. However, attendance and progress was not as what is expressed in its
propaganda, painting and sculpture remain present and growing. Not even a little bit of work -‐
the work of artists who are taking advantage of the photographic medium. Perhaps also we can
remember Dede Eri Supria paintings in the 1990s. He utilizes the photo through a slide projector
projected onto the canvas, sometimes he also did buildup image (super imposse) on canvas,
then process them in a way -‐ a way that is generally done in paint, like coloring them with
brushes, palette etc.
The same is done by the photographers of the painting. Derek Galon, Canadian photographer
who works photograph titled Anatomy Lesson in 2103 successfully obtained numerous awards
from various photography contests in various countries, including the Gold Medal at the London
Int. Salon of Photography 2013, the Gold Medal at Photo Art Championship 2013 in Austria, FIAP
Gold Medal in Belgium ISO 2013, and several other awards. Insipirasinya photographic work of
legendary painter Rembrandt.2 The whole arrangement of good visual placement of objects,
properties and lighting, all of which are similar to what is done by Rembrandt in his paintings.
Thus the presence of new media is not shut down before the media, but to complement each
other. In the field of films are also many forms of influence are absorbed from the various forms
of art that has been present before. Rembrandt painting style in processing the brightness and
choose high contrast between the dark light, or what is often referred to as Chiaroscuro, style of
painting that developed in Europe in the late 17th century is also used in the arrangement of
light in filmmaking or known as Rembrandt Lighting or Low Key.3
Ilustration 3. Lesson of Anatomy courtesy www.ozonzonebooks.wordpress.com 25/01/2015
Process of work done by photographer Derek Galon no resemblance to what was done by the
artists of American citizens of German origin named Janet Echelman. They do the excavation of
the form -‐ a form of expression of the past with different approaches. Janet Echelman, artists
who had wandered in several Asian countries, including India and Indonesia in about the 1990s.
2 Richard Whittle, “Dalon – Anatomy Lesson” diakses dari http://www.ozonzonebooks/dalon/award /Derek Galon_3250.html, diunduh 25 Januari 2015 jam 14.08 3 David Bordwell, Film Art, Knopf Publisher, New York, 2002, page 43
From perjalananannya he is interested in various forms of traditional tools used by the people in
place disinggahinya. One of the most attention is woven fishing nets used by the fishermen of
India.4 Objects that are then provide inspiration and encouragement to the creative spirit in
kekaryaannya. She spend lot of time to learn the fishing nets.
In the next steps Janet shift work patterns and knowledge about the manual dexterity to shutter
technology. Some of the activities done during the incubation of which is the introduction to a
variety of materials processing technology tools into the form of woven, choose a lightweight
material, can be resistant to weather and pollution, designing equipment that will be used to
assemble the various visual elements are used, do the research to obtain information regarding
wind direction and speed. Other activities during the preparation is to negotiate with the
various parties associated with licensing issues. Because most of the work of Janet Echelman
displayed in public spaces. Thus, it can be concluded that the technology is good for Janet
Echelman or anyone who have creative fantasy, technology is a medium which s it will supports
them.
Ilustrasi 5. Janet Creation in Amsterdam Canal, courtesy www.blog.blendimage.com, 25/01/ 201
Technology is not only technical aspect, but also affect various aspects of life.5 But the obvious
is to accelerate the dynamics of life, able to overcome the problem of distance, renew the habit
4 TED, Janet Echeclman – Taking Imagination Seriously, Filmed Maret 2011 5 Prof.Dr.C.A.van Peursen, Strategi Kebudayaan, Kanisius, Yogyakarta 1976, page 127
-‐ a habit in the field of employment and the opportunity to find a way out that can overcome a
problem. Similarly, in the process of creation. As the election materials used in the work of Janet
Echelman. This is a solution that is generated by the technology to overcome the problems in
determining the material according to need. Lightweight materials such as what could produce
such movements generated by the fishing nets of fishermen in India when blown by the wind,
the material is also resistant to weather and strong to withstand the load.
Technology will continue to grow if the function gets the response from users. The more
responses increasingly known new needs, which led to further developments. A very dynamic
development in camera technology digitalpun occurs because the camera equipment
manufacturers know that the filmmakers always compare quality of images produced by digital
cameras with celluloid.
Acceleration in technological developments sometimes also surprising, especially if the
presence occurs in a short time, as it happened in the infrastructure in the Indonesian film
industry recently. Digitizing remodel previously established order, because the digital medium is
not only applied to the production stage, but also used in distribution. Cameras that use raw
materials celluloid no longer be used, because the engine has been shut film negative process,
machine equipment for the transfer of the film in the form of data could not be used anymore,
replaced the previous analog projectors with digital, as well as the projected image is no longer
in the form celluloid reels but now in the form of data collected on the DCP (Digital Cinema
Package).
The relatively short development also resulted in the collapse of many companies that rent
out some film equipment, a company engaged in the field of post-‐production services, also
causes many changes in the patterns of production. Distributor of raw materials also clearly
affected celluloid, was attempting to stay afloat while, but after it was forced to move land
trade. Similarly, the teachers at the school filmpun quite bothered about having to make
adjustments to the lecture material in accordance with the development.
However, throughout the history of its existence, the technology will continue to change and
evolve. Starting from the era of machine technology, energy up to the stage of information
technology, its presence goal is to help and provide convenience for human life, including in
meeting the needs of expression or the creation of works. The technology itself is an
opportunity to be exploited. If related to a matter of time, without the technology of today we
will be very busy to get in touch with someone if you still have to use the telephone cable, we
first have to go to the post office to send news by mail, to see the results of image recording or
editing needs to be wait 2 or 3 days to see the results of the laboratory films etc. images. So if it
is associated with what the role of technology, then the problem becomes the bottleneck is the
closure or rejection. In fact, there is also the denial of a relatively extreme, such as stopping a
job or profession that had been occupied, it just because of the changing in creation medium.
As alluded to earlier, that the process of technological development is also determined by the
responses. At the beginning of the digital camera technology introduced in the film industry, the
quality of the resulting image is still relatively low. By filmmakers emergence of new means of
course is not taken seriously, even considered as a suitable camera equipment the home only,
not suitable for use in the professional level. The situation at the beginning was also responded
to by the producers of celluloid with an abusive response, even though the producers of
celluloid was also troubled by the appearance of the new facility which would also continue to
evolve for the better and could be a competitor of their products. Then emerging forms of
promotion by manufacturers of raw materials in order to imaging products celluloid maintained
and they remain the flagship product.
Within less than two decades of digital technology applied to the film industry experienced a
lot of very significant development. In 1999, famed director George Lucas began the use of
digital in the film Star Wars Episode 1 The Phantom Menace.6 In the film actually Lucas still
combines footage from celluloid and has not been fully digital. However, technical success also
promotional support, the film was recorded as blockbusters (box office) in that year. This then
encourages Lucas to use digital technology in film production -‐ the next film. The debate on the
6 Philip J.Cianci, HDTV and the Transition to Digital Broadcasting, Focal Press, New York 2009, page 68
difference of the characteristics of the media is no longer true that it is important to debate, let
alone the traders who argue. But more important for the creation of space is the development
has led the filmmakers to new options that can be used as a means to channel their creative
ideas in visual form.
In 2009, Slumdog Millionaire became the first film to use digital cameras and won the
Academy Award for Best Cinematography category.7 This means that the quality teknispun new
media (digital) is no longer in doubt. Moreover, the conduct special assessment for the field of
cinematography is the judges who are members of the SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineering) which certainly understand technical issues, because they also are
making technical standardization, both in the film and television industry.
In the book Cultural Strategy, C.A. Van Peursen (1976: 133) argues that "technology is not just
technical, but also related to the organization". In other words, technology or just an inanimate
object that offers the opportunity to fill it with a variety of expressions, but also encourage the
talent and the need to organize. Organize something also means a change that happened to the
participants of the organization, awareness of things that happen in the new environment.
Organizing is a way of combining the potential to strengthen the creation. Perhaps the
organization system in the world of the film is not a new thing, because it is in working patterns
film products work done is by way of collaboration which is the integration of a variety of skill
areas.
7 www.yidio.com/movie/Slumdog-‐Millionaire
Ilustrasi 8. Pink Floyd at Stadion of Roma, Italia.
courtesy www.indpendent.co.uk. 26/01/2015
However, a similar pattern was also a lot of work done on the performances of the
performing arts, the performing arts of music for example. As an illustration, a progressive rock
group Pink Floyd music in collaboration with Mark Fisher's stage manager, lighting designer
Patrick Woodroffe and also filmmakers, animators who then design an integrated concept for a
show. Collaboration which is also an overview of the utilization of technology products in the
performing arts, as well as the use of laser light, the appearance of elements -‐ visual elements
that use hydraulic equipment, visualization of the film projected from angles as is commonly
done in the cinema and the image quality the high resolution (high definition), technology in
sound equipment etc. So that the overall performance of the music is a picture that can
represent forms of expression and creation of employment patterns in the world that can
represent his day.
Recognize, explore the possibility of which can be obtained, or combining the characteristics
of different media to seek the possibility of the formation of a new and unique works, such as
collaboration in 1946 were done by Picasso in Gijon Mili photographer from Life Time magazine,
is a simple example of an open stance win-‐win solution. By utilizing the technical facilities
owned photo camera, which shutter is set to low speed (slow speed) and then combined with
spontaneity and skill in drawing a line Picasso. Movement of the light coming from a small
flashlight held and moved Picasso produce the recorded image is shaped like a line out sketches
or paintings.
Man's relationship with technology is already properly established fairness. Technology
equipment are forms of life (forms of life) that have been fused with human life itself. The most
obvious example is the television that has become part of people's daily life now. Television is
very inherent in perception, thought, and behavior, so he became an indelible part in cultural
life today. Demkian also in relation to the creation of art.
As what has been said by Prof. Dr Sapardi Djoko Damono at one discussion that any
development occurring, including technology, should be responded with an active attitude. By
looking at the positive nature, we can take advantage of exploiting even according to what is
desired. The pace of technology is very fast, within a relatively short period of time continue to
make changes. Thus, it is appropriate that the products are optimized before the technology
becomes garbage, because there will always be replaced with new ones.