6-1

ARTICLE 6

FIRE SERVICE SYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Number

SECTION 6-100 REVIEW AUTHORITY 6-3

6-110 DEFINITIONS 6-3

6-110.1 FIRE SERVICE MAIN 6-3

6-110.2 SERVICE CONNECTION 6-3

6-120 FIRE HYDRANT SPECIFICATIONS 6-3

6-120.1 LOCATIONS 6-4

6-120.2 FINISHED GRADE 6-6

SECTION 6-200 FIRE FLOW 6-7

6-210 FIRE FLOW PROCEDURES 6-8

SECTION 6-300 COMPUTATIONS OF "NEEDED FIRE FLOW" 6-9

6-310 CONSTRUCTION FACTOR 6-10

6-320 OCCUPANCY FACTOR 6-14

6-330 EXPOSURES AND COMMUNICATION FACTORS 6-16

6-340 FACTORS FOR COMMUNICATIONS 6-16

6-350 EXPOSURE FACTOR 6-17

6-360 CALCULATION OF NEEDED FIRE FLOW 6-17

SECTION 6-400 SPRINKLER & STANDPIPE SYSTEMS 6-18

6 – 410 FIRE PROTECTION LINES 6-19

6-410.1 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF

UNDERGROUND FIRELINES 6-19

6-410.2 POST INDICATOR VALVE 6-21

6-2

6 – 420 BACKFLOW PREVENTION 6-21

SECTION 6-500 EMERGENCY ACCESS 6-22

6 – 510 PARKING LOT 6-22

6 - 520 ACCESS TO REAR OF BUILDING 6-22

6 – 530 ACCESS LIMITS 6-23

6 – 540 FIRE LANES 6-23

SECTION 6-600 FIRE SERVICE SYSTEM DETAILS 6-26

6-3

ARTICLE 6 FIRE SERVICE SYSTEMS

SECTION 6-100 REVIEW AUTHORITY The review of all fire service systems shall be the responsibility of the City Fire

Marshal.

6-110 DEFINITIONS 6-110.1 Fire Service Main: a service main that is connected at street

valve located on the public water line and terminates at base of sprinkler riser. This

fire service main usually has a Post Indicator Valve attached in line ( free standing)

or attached adjacent to bottom of sprinkler riser. This service line is always

privately owned and maintained.

6-110.2 Service Connection: The terminal end of a service line from

the waterworks. If a City water meter is installed in the service line, then the service

connection shall mean the downstream end of the meter. If no meter is installed,

as is typical to fire service main, the terminal end of the service connection is

determined at the City’s water main, designated by the shut-off valve closest to the

City’s water main

6-120 FIRE HYDRANT SPECIFICATIONS All hydrants shall be traffic model either Mueller Centurion, Kennedy K81-

A, American Darling or approved equal. Hydrants shall be of the compression

type with main valve openings not less than five and one quarter 5 1/4 inches in

diameter. Hydrants shall have a cast iron body with full bronze trim and shall

withstand a hydrostatic test pressure of three hundred (300) psi. Hydrants shall

have a minimum six (6) inch connection base for setting with a minimum of forty-

two (42) inch cover on connection pipe.

Hydrants shall be equipped with hose connections as follows:

Two each 2 1/2", N.S.T. hose connections

6-4

One each 4 1/2", N.S.T. pumper connections

Hydrant shall be operated by a National Standard one and one half (1 1/2)

inch pentagon shaped, operating nut, opening counterclockwise. The direction of

opening shall be clearly marked by an arrow case on the outside of the hydrant.

Hydrants shall be connected to the main with a six (6) inch ductile cast iron pipe

and shall be controlled by an independent six (6) inch gate valve. The six (6) inch

gate valve shall be located as near to the service main as practical. Where the

six (6) inch hydrant service line is longer than fifty (50) feet, a second six (6) inch

gate valve shall be located not less than two (2) feet or more than six (6) feet

from the hydrant. For additional information regarding the water supply system

refer to Article 5.

All hydrant barrels shall be painted safety yellow, reflective paint (Duron or

equal). The pumper connection, 2½" connections and the bonnet will be color

coded according to flow volumes as described by NFPA.

The four and one half (4 1/2) inch connection shall face the street, fire

lane, service drive, or normal vehicular traveling, whichever applies.

6-120.1 LOCATIONS In general, fire hydrants shall be located as follows:

A. At street intersections and at intermediate locations

where necessary, as determined by the Fire Marshal's

Office. All distance measurements are to be taken along the

center line of accessible streets, travel ways or other

unobstructed path used by the fire department.

B. Within one hundred (l00) feet of any standpipe or

sprinkler fire department connection, where those systems

are required in buildings.

C. As required by the following schedule as given by use

group. The remote distance shall be measured to the most

remote part of the structure the hydrant will serve. The

maximum spacing shall be the maximum spacing distance

between fire hydrants that are used to provide the minimum

fire flow requirements for a protected building.

6-5

D. A minimum of fifty (50) feet away from buildings other

than detached single family dwellings.

E. In areas with curb and gutter, the center of the fire

hydrant shall be eighteen (18) inches from the face of the

curb. Under no circumstances will any part of a fire hydrant

conflict with or overhang any sidewalk, trail, or vehicular

travel way. On roads with ditches fire hydrants will be

located behind the ditch. In areas where the proposed site

improvements do not provide adequate protection of fire

hydrants from vehicular traffic, bollards, curbing or other

protective measures will be provided.

F. The hose reach distance shall be measured "as the

hose lies" between and around obstructions.

G. In no instance shall the distance between fire

hydrants exceed 1,000 feet as measured along the

centerline of the accessible roadway.

H. Fire hydrants must not be located farther than ten (10)

feet from face of curb or edge of pavement; drainage shall

be provided to prevent the ponding of water around

hydrants.

I. Steel bollards shall be installed around hydrants, Fire

Department connections, and wall indicator valves as

needed for protection in industrial areas and commercial

developments where curbing is not provided. Refer to

Standard Detail FS-1.3 of this Article.

6-6

TABLE 6-1 FIRE HYDRANT SPACING

USE GROUP

REMOTE DISTANCE

MAXIMUM SPACING

Industrial & storage buildings USE GROUP F, H, S

250 feet 300 feet

School and institution buildings USE GROUP E, I

300 feet 300 feet

Commercial, churches, & office buildings USE GROUP A, B, M

350 feet 300 feet

Motels, apartments, multi-family & townhouses USE GROUP R1, R2, R3

250 feet 300 feet

Detached single family dwellings USE GROUP R4

500 feet 1,000 feet

J. No plantings or erection of other obstructions shall be made

within four (4) feet of any fire hydrant.

K. When installed in parking areas, they shall be protected by

barriers that will prevent physical damage by vehicles. Clear

access shall be provided to the front of and fifteen (l5) feet in

either direction of the fire hydrant. This clear access area shall

be marked as fire lane. The front of the fire hydrant shall be

considered that side with the large pumper connection at its

center.

The location of all new and existing hydrants that are to serve the

property shall be shown on the site development plan.

6-120.2 FINISHED GRADE

Hydrants shall be set to established finished grade as

follows:

A. The bottom of the four and one-half (4 1/2) inch

nozzle shall be eighteen (18) inches above the elevation of

the edge of the shoulder on streets without curb and gutter

and eighteen (18) inches above the elevation of the curb on

streets with curb and gutter.

6-7

B. The two and one-half (2 1/2) inches hose connections shall

have a minimum of four (4) feet, of clearance on all sides.

SECTION 6-200 FIRE FLOW

Water systems shall be so designed to adequately supply the normal and peak

demands of all customers, both domestic and commercial, maintaining a pressure of not

less than thirty (30) psi at all points of delivery without reducing the service to existing

customers. Additionally, the water system will be designed to provide the fire flows listed

in Table 6-2 plus the demand required by Fire Marshal's Office (FMO), with a residual

pressure of not less than twenty (20) psi to at least one (l) point within five hundred

(500) feet of each building proposed to be served by such extensions. Fire flow

calculations will be included with all site development plans submitted to the City for

review and approval. Flow calculations will include assumptions made about the

existing system, calculations to show available flows at the proposed hydrants and

pressure throughout the proposed system. If a project will be developed in sections or

phases, the fire flow calculations will indicate the available fire flows during each section

or phase of the project. For some small sites that propose no major water line

extensions, an evaluation of the existing fire flow available may be submitted for the fire

flow calculation. Any deviation from the minimum fire flow requirements will require a

conditional fire flow waiver on a normal site plan waiver application. The waiver

application must address the following:

A. Current fire flow available.

B. System analysis to determine what would be required to bring the deficient

system up to minimum requirements.

In the event that minimum fire flows cannot be achieved, the developer of a

property will design additional fire protection measures into every building not covered

by adequate fire flows. The Fire Marshal's Office will review and approve all additional

fire protection measures prior to the approval of the site development plans.

The water storage system shall be of such capacity that it can sustain required

flows for a minimum duration of four (4) hours.

6-8

6-210 FIRE FLOW PROCEDURE The following procedure should be conducted to determine if adequate fire

flow is available for a particular site.

A. Determine a fire hydrant location that will supply proposed site

development to act as static fire hydrant.

B. Determine a second hydrant adjacent to proposed site to be the flow

hydrant.

C. This testing will require two personnel or more depending on location

of testing.

D. Each person should have hydrant wrench and an appropriate test

gauge. One person with static gauge for static hydrant, and one with

flow gauge with pitot attachment.

E. The static gauge is installed on 2 ½ connection on one side only of

hydrant with all other connections tightened to not allow air leakage

without being over tightened. Static gauge once installed is tightened

to being snug and air release petcock opened to allow discharge of

air.

F. Fire hydrant is opened fully open with petcock open until water

stream is constant. Once petcock is fully closed record pressure

reading on static gauge.

G. Second person takes gauge with pitot and attaches to flow hydrant on

either the 2 ½ connection or 4” connection.

H. The person on flow hydrant should notify person on static hydrant to

ensure he is ready to read pressure gauge. Once he has verified

static hydrant person is ready he should slowly open flow hydrant

until it is fully open and water flowing has become clear. Record pitot

reading and make contact for static person to take his reading.

I. Take down result of flow test and static reading and ensure recording

time of day, address of location and any unusual conditions noted.

J. Shut down flow hydrant slowly, so you do not cause water hammer.

Shut down static hydrant slowly while opening air petcock.

K. Re installs hydrant caps and tightens to hand tight.

6-9

TABLE 6-2 FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS

A. Single Family Detached.

Minimum Exposure Distance

Single Hydrant to Meet Flow Requirements

Two Hydrants Within Five Hundre4d (500) Feet of Structure to Meet Flow Requirements

*0 - l0' 1500 gpm 2000 gpm 10 - 30 1000 gpm 1500 gpm 30' & greater 1000 gpm 1000 gpm * If the buildings are continuous, the fire flow required shall be 2500 gpm.

B. Townhouses 2500 gpm

C. Apartments, hotels,

motels,offices, hospitals, nursing homes, 1-3 stories

2500 gpm

D. Schools, churches 2500 gpm

E. Mercantile, retail sales,

shopping centers 2500 gpm

F. Industrial, storage buildings,

repair garages, service stations 2500 gpm

* In areas of mixed use development the higher fire flow shall govern. The fire

flows above are for new development. Where the size and scope of the development exceeds these requirements, additional flow shall be provided in accordance with Insurance Services Office (ISO) requirements.

** This column is applicable to Lines A through F. SECTION 6-300 COMPUTATION OF "NEEDED FIRE FLOW"

This section sets forth the Needed Fire Flows for selected locations throughout

the City which are used in the review of plans. The calculation of a Needed Fire Flow

(NFFi) for a subject building in gallons per minute (gpm) considers the Construction (Ci),

Occupancy (Oi), Exposure (Xi), and Communication (Pi) of each selected building or fire

division, as outlined below. This method shall not be applied to single family detached

dwellings. Refer to Section 6-360 of this Article for the calculation of needed fire flow.

6-10

6-310 CONSTRUCTION FACTOR (c) That portion of the Needed Fire Flow attributed to the construction and

square footage area of the selected building is determined by the following

formula:

Ci = 18F

(Ai)0.5

F = Coefficient related to Class of Construction

= 1.5 for Construction Class 1 (Frame)

= 1.0 for Construction Class 2 (Joisted Masonry)

= 0.8 for Construction Class 3 (Non-Combustible) and Construction Class 4 (Masonry, Non-Combustible)

= 0.6 for Construction Class 5 (Modified Fire Resistive)

= and Construction Class 6 (Fire Resistive)

Ai = Area in square feet of the largest Fire Division of the building.

In Fire Divisions with mixed construction, Ci values are

multiplied by their individual percentage of the total area. The

Ci applicable to the entire division is the sum of these values;

however, the value of the Ci shall not be less than the

maximum value for any division of the building, based upon its

own construction and area.

A. Determination of Effective Area

After modification for Division Walls as provided above, the Effective Area

shall be the total square foot area of the largest floor in the building plus the

following percentage of the total area of the other floors:

1. Building classified as Construction Classes 1-4; 50% of all other floors.

2. Buildings classified as Construction Classes 5 or 6:

a. If all vertical openings in the building have V-1 or V-2 protection, 25

percent of the area not exceeding the two other largest floors.

b. If one or more vertical openings in the building have V-3 or V-4 type

protection, 50 percent of the area not exceeding eight other floors

with V-3 or V-4 type protection. Note: The Effective Area

6-11

determined under item (2)b above shall not be less than the Effective

Area that would be determined under item (2)a above if all openings

had V-1 or V-2 protection.

B. Vertical Openings

1. General

a. The charge for vertical openings is applicable only in buildings of

Construction Class 5 or 6.

b. The charge is applicable to floor openings for stairways, elevators,

ramps, ventilating shafts and similar openings.

c. Openings into attics or roof spaces (areas suitable for storage but not

for normal occupancy) shall be considered as floor openings, except

where the attic or roof space has (1) a fire resistive or non-

combustible roof and (2) is not occupied or contains only non-

combustible contents.

d. Courts, lightwells and similar interior shafts without roofs which are

enclosed on all sides by walls shall be considered as floor openings,

except that such shafts which are 20 feet or more in both dimensions

shall be disregarded.

2. Protection Requirements

a. The type of protection for vertical openings shall be based on the

construction of the enclosure walls and the kind of door or other

devise used for the protection of openings in the enclosure.

b. The following materials are acceptable for one hour construction in

enclosure walls; four-inch brick, four-inch reinforced concrete, six-inch

hollow block, six-inch tile, or masonry or non-combustible materials

listed with a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour.

c. The following materials are acceptable for two hours; five-inch

reinforced concrete, six-inch brick, eight-inch hollow block, eight-inch

tile, or masonry or noncombustible materials listed with a fire

resistance rating of not less than two hours.

6-12

3. V-1 Protection

a. Enclosures shall have walls of masonry or fire resistive construction

grading one hour or over, except that in Fire Resistive buildings of four

or more stories, the enclosure walls shall have two hours or over fire

resistance.

b. Doors for Type V-1 Protection shall be automatic or self-closing and

be labeled for Class B opening protection (one hour rating, except in

Fire Resistive buildings of four or more stories where 1½ hour doors

are required).

4. V-2 Protection

a. Enclosure walls shall be as in Type V-1. All doors shall be as in Type

V-1, except that elevator doors shall be of metal or metal covered

construction so arranged that the doors must be normally closed for

operation of the elevator.

5. V-3 Protection

a. Enclosure walls constructed of noncombustible materials which grade

less than on hour (such as metal lath and plaster, gypsum board on

metal studs, etc.).

b. Openings for Type V-3 shall be protected by automatic or self-closing

doors, either labeled for Class C situation (¾ hour rating) or of metal

or metal covered construction (wired glass permitted). Elevator doors

(metal or metal covered) shall be so arranged that the doors must

normally be closed for operation of the elevator.

c. Also included in Type V-3 are enclosures or doors which grade one

hour in Fire Resistive buildings of four or more stories, and which

therefore, do not qualify for Type V-1 or V-2 protection.

6. V-4 Protection

a. Unprotected floor openings. Type V-4 also includes doors or

enclosures not meeting minimum requirements for V-1, V-2 or V-3.

Note: Where masonry or fire resistive floors have part combustible,

non-combustible or slow burning construction, such floors shall be

considered as having type V-4 vertical opening protection.

6-13

C. Area-Height

1. Exempt Areas

Disregard the following in the determination of the Effective Area:

a. Floor (including basement and sub-basement) areas where the entire

floor is protected by an acceptable system of automatic sprinklers,

provided that there are no Combustibility Class C-5 occupancies

located on the floor.

b. Basement and sub-basement areas which are vacant, or are used for

building maintenance, or which are occupied by occupancies having

C-1 or C-2 Contents Combustibility (regardless of the Combustibility

Class applicable to the building.)

Note: A basement is a story of a building which is 50 percent or

more below grade, unless such story is accessible at grade level on

one or more sides. A story which is less than 50 percent below

grade shall also be considered a basement if such story is wholly

enclosed by blank masonry foundation walls.

c. Roof structures, sheds or similar attachments charged under Item 360

(Combustible Exterior Attachments) of the 1980 version of the

Insurance Services Offices, Fire Suppression Rating Schedule.

d. Courts without roofs.

e. Areas of mezzanines less than 25 percent of the square foot area of

the floor immediately below.

2. Modification for Division Walls.

An acceptable Division Wall shall be constructed entirely of noncombustible

materials with a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour, or of masonry

materials, and shall:

a. Extend from one exterior wall to another (or form an enclosed area within

the building).

b. Extend from one masonry or fire resistive floor to another masonry or fire

resistive floor, or from a masonry or fire resistive floor to a roof of any

construction.

c. Have all openings through the wall protected by an automatic or self-

closing labeled Class B (one hour) fire door.

6-14

Where Division Walls meet the above requirements the maximum area on

any floor used to determine the Effective Area shall be the largest undivided

area plus 50 percent of the second largest undivided area on that floor.

1. The maximum value of Ci is limited by the following:

8,000 gpm for Construction Classes 1 and 2

6,000 gpm for Construction Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6

6,000 gpm for a one story building of any class of construction

2. The minimum value of Ci is 750 gpm. The calculated value of Ci shall be

rounded to the nearest 250 gpm.

3. For the specific purpose of this Section, the following definitions may be

used for determining the coefficient of class of construction "F":

Classification Building

F Description BOCA Type

1.5 Frame Construction -- Any Structure in which the structural members are wholly or partly of wood or other combustible material and the construction does not qualify as ordinary construction.

5A, 5B

1.0 Joisted Masonry -- Any structure having exterior walls of masonry or other noncombustible material in which the other structural members, including but not limited to columns, floors, roofs, beams, girders, and joists, are wholly or partly of wood or other combustibles material.

2C 3A, 3B

Heavy timber type buildings which are required to satisfy a number of specific provisions (see the building codes).

4

0.8 Noncombustible Construction -- Any structure having all structural members including walls, columns, piers, beams, girders, trusses, floors, and roofs of noncombustible material and not qualifying as fire-resistive construction.

2A, 2B

0.6 Fire-Resistive Construction -- Any structure that is considered fire-resistive by any of the BOCA building codes.

6-320 OCCUPANCY FACTOR (Oi)

1. The factors below reflect the influence of the occupancy in the selected building

on the Needed Fire Flow.

6-15

Occupancy Combustibility Class Occupancy Factor (O1) C-1 (Noncombustible) 0.75 C-2 (Limited Combustible) 0.85 C-3 (Combustible) 1.00 C-4 (Free Burning) 1.15 C-5 (Rapid Burning) 1.25

2. For the specific purposes of this Section, the following definitions shall

be used for determining the coefficient of Occupancy Oi above:

Oi Description 0.75 Apartments, Churches, Dormitories, Dwellings 0.85 Clubs, Colleges and Universities, Hospitals, Hotels, Institutions,

Libraries - except Large Stack Room Areas, Museums, Nursing, Convalescent and Care Homes, Office Buildings, Prisons, Public Buildings, Rooming Houses, Schools, Tenements.

1.00 All other Building uses not listed herein 1.15 All industrial uses which exceed those listed below. 1.25 Aircraft Hangers, Chemical Works - High Hazard Textile

Operations, Explosives and Pyrotechnics Manufacturing, Paint Shops, Pyroxylin Plastic Manufacturing and Processing, Solvent Extracting, Varnish and Paint Works, Wood Working with Flammable Finishing, Other Occupancies Involving Processing, Mixing, Storage and Dispensing of Flammable and/or Combustible Liquids.

3. When determining occupancies, good judgment should be used, and the percentage

increase or decrease will not necessarily be the same for all buildings that are in the

same general category -- for example, "Colleges and Universities:" this could range

from a 15 percent decrease for buildings used only as dormitories to an increase for

a chemical laboratory. Even when considering high schools, the decrease should be

less, if they have extensive shops.

In commercial buildings, no percentage increase or decrease for occupancy shall be

applied in most of the fire flow determinations. In general, percentage increase or

decrease will not be at the limits of + 25 percent.

6-16

6-330 EXPOSURES (XI) AND COMMUNICATIONS (PI) FACTORS (X + P)I

The factors developed in this item reflect the influence of exposed and

communicating buildings on the Needed Fire Flow. A value (Xi = Pi) shall be

developed for each side of the subject building.

(X + P)i = 1.0 +n(Xi + Pi), maximum 1.75. Where n = number sides of subject building

I = 1

6-340 FACTORS FOR COMMUNICATIONS (Pi)

The factor for Pi depends upon the protection for communicating party wall

openings and the length and construction of communications between fire divisions

and shall be selected from the following table. When more than one communication

type exists in any one side wall, apply only the largest factor Pi for that side. When

there is no communication on a side, Pi = zero. Fire Resistive, Non-Combustible or

Slow Burning Communications (F Less than 0.8)

Communications with Combustible Construction (F Equal to or Greater than 0.8)

Open Enclosed Open Enclosed Description of Protection of Passageway Openings

Any Length

10 Ft. or

Less

11 Ft. to 20 Ft.

21 Ft. to 50 Ft. +

10 Ft. or

Less

11 Ft. to 20 Ft.

21 Ft. to 50 Ft. +

10 Ft. or

Less

11 Ft. to 20 Ft.

21 Ft. to 50 Ft. +

Unprotected 0 ++ 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.10 ++ ++ 0.30

Single Class A Fire Door at One End Of Passageway

0 0.20 0.10 0 0.20 0.15 0 0.30 0.20 0.10

Single Class B Fire Door at One End Of Passageway

0 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.35 0.25 0.15

Single Class A Fire Door at Each End of Double Class A Fire Doors at One End of Passageway

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Single Class B Fire Door at Each End of Double Class B Fire Doors at One End of Passageway

0 0.10 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.10 0

+ For over 50 feet, Pi = o ++ For unprotected passageways of this length, consider the 2 buildings as a single Fire Division. NOTE: When a party wall has communicating openings protected by a single automatic or self closing Class B fire door, it qualifies as a division wall for reduction of area. NOTE: Where communications are protected by a recognized water curtain, the value of Pi =0.

6-17

6-350 EXPOSURE FACTOR (XI)

The factor for Xi depends upon the construction and length to height value

(length of wall in feet, times height in stories) of the exposed building and the distance

between facing walls of the subject building and the exposed building, and shall be

selected from the following table.

FACTOR FOR COMMUNICATIONS (Pi)

Construction of Facing Wall of Exposed Building Construction Coefficient F

Less than 1.5

Construction of Facing Wall of Subject Building

Distance Feet to the Exposed Building

Length Height of Facing Wall of Exposed Building

1.5 Unprotected Openings

Semi-Protected Openings (Wired Glass or Outside open sprinklers)

Blank Wall

Frame, Metal or Masonry with Openings

0 - 10 11 - 30 31 - 60 61 -

100

1 – 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 Over 400 1 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 Over 400 1 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 Over 400 1 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 Over 400

0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10

0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10

0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Blank Masonry Wall Facing Wall of the Expose Building: Use the above table EXCEPT use only the Length-Height of Facing Wall of the Exposed Building ABOVE the height of the Facing Wall of the Subject Building. Buildings five stories or over in height, consider as five stories. When the Height of the Facing Wall of the exposed Building is the Same of Lower than the Height of the Facing Wall of the Subject Building, Xi=0.

6-360 CALCULATION OF NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) NFFi = (Ci) (Oi) (X + P)i

• When a wood shingle roof covering on the building being considered, or on

exposed buildings can contribute to spreading fires, add 500 gpm to the

6-18

Needed Fire Flow.

• The Needed Fire Flow shall not exceed 12,000 gpm nor be less than 750

gpm.

• The Needed Fire Flow shall be rounded off to the nearest 250 gpm if less

than 2500 gpm and to the nearest 500 gpm if greater than 2500.

SECTION 6-400 SPRINKLER AND STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

Fire department connections shall be located and visible from the street.

Alternate locations must be approved by the Fire Marshal's Office. Connections shall

be located for immediate access by the fire department. Fences, trees, and any similar

obstructions shall not be permitted. Mechanical protection shall be provided for the fire

department connection and the post indicator valve by a nine (9) foot wide raised island

or other approved method. Fire department connections shall be arranged in such a

manner that the use of any one water sprinkler connection will serve all the sprinklers,

and the use of any one standpipe connection will serve all the standpipes within the

building. Fire department connections shall not be less than eighteen (l8) inches and

not more than forty two (42) inches in elevation measured from ground level to the

centerline of the inlets. A fire hydrant shall be provided within one hundred (100) feet of

the fire department connection and away from the building at a distance that is greater

than the height of the adjacent wall. A dedicated easement will be provided for the fire

hydrant and the water line that supplies it. An easement will not be dedicated for the

water main that only supplies the building sprinkler system. In buildings classified as

high rise by the ICC Building Code, the fire department connections shall be located a

minimum of fifty (50) feet from the building. The location shall be approved by the Fire

Marshal's Office. All sprinkler systems shall have externally mounted post indicator

valves and will be located on a masonry building wall or sleeved free standing post

indicator valve. (Refer to Standard Detail FS-3.0 of this article.) The post indicator valve

shall be monitored when required by the use group of the building and locked by an

approved rapid entry lock.

6-19

6-410 Private Fire Service Mains

Fire service main will be a separate connection to the public water main

from domestic service lines unless otherwise directed by the Fire Marshal's

Office. All fire service mains will be privately owned and maintained. A street

valve will be installed on the fire service main at its connection to the public water

main connection by means of a mechanical T. or approved wet tap.

Acceptance testing will be required on all fire service main prior to

concealment and use. All fire service mains will be hydrostatically tested at not

less than two hundred (200) psi for two (2) hours or at fifty (50) psi in excess

of maximum static pressure when the maximum static pressure is in excess of

one hundred and fifty (150) psi.

Concealment of an underground fire service main prior to acceptance

testing may occur with the following conditions:

A. That a visual inspection of the system, by the Fire Marshal or the Site

Inspector, is conducted to verify that piping and anchorage is installed in

an approved manner.

B. That the developer/contractor will assume the risk to make corrections in

the event that the system fails the postponed hydrostatic test.

6-410.1 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF UNDERGROUND

FIRELINES 1. All installation and testing shall be conducted per NFPA 24, 1995 edition.

2. Fire service main shall have at least 4 feet of cover from the top of the

pipe.

3. All bends and tees shall have thrust blocks.

4. All piping through footers shall have rods to a point at least 5 feet outside

of the building wall.

5. All rods shall be at least 5/8 inch. The number of rods will depend on the

size of the pipe.

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6. All rods, nuts, bolts, washers, clamps, and other restraining devices shall

be coated with a bituminous or other acceptable corrosion-resistive

material.

7. Thrust blocks shall be placed against undisturbed soil or rods shall be

installed with thrust blocks.

8. Rods secured on smooth pipe shall be anchored with 2 clamps, with one

rod in each clamp. Listed retainer-type fittings must be installed per

manufacturer’s instructions.

9. A visual inspection is required before pipe is covered.

10. The contractor is responsible for locating and correcting any leakage. If

pipe is covered before the hydrostatic test, no drop in pressure during the

test is allowed.

11. Fire service main shall not be run under buildings.

12. A hydrostatic test at 200 PSI or 50 PSI over static pressure, whichever is

greater, shall be conducted for 2 hours in the presence of the Fire Marshal

staff.

13. All fire service mains shall be flushed in accordance with Table 6-3.

14. Approved site plans showing size and location of fire service main shall be

on the job site before the inspection or test occurs.

15. All test and permit fees shall be paid before the inspection or test is

performed.

16. Electrical ground wires shall not be connected to the underground fire

service main.

17. Backfill shall be well tamped, free of rock and free of corrosives.

Fire service main flushing will occur prior to any admittance of water

through such a line into any fire sprinkler system. The minimum water flow

required for line flushing will comply with Table 6-3 or the hydraulically

calculated water demand rate of the system, whichever is greater.

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TABLE 6-3

Pipe Size Flush Orifice Size Flow Rate 2 inch 2 inch 60 gpm4 inch 4 inch 400 gpm6 inch 6 inch 750 gpm8 inch 6 inch 1,000 gpm10 inch 6 inch 1,500 gpm12 inch 6 inch 2,000 gpm

6-410.2 POST INDICATOR VALVE

A free-standing post indicator valve shall have vehicle impact protection.

Guard posts shall comply with all of the following requirements:

1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches (102mm) in diameter and concrete

filled.

2. Spaced not more than 4 feet (1219mm) between posts on center.

3. Set not less than 3 feet (914mm) deep in concrete footing of not less than a

15 inch (381mm) diameter.

4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet (914mm) above ground.

5. Located not less than 3 feet (914mm) from the protected object.

6-420 BACKFLOW PREVENTION

The potable water supply to all fire sprinkler systems and standpipes shall

be protected by an approved Double Check Valve (DCV) assembly backflow

prevention device, as a minimum. A higher degree of backflow protection, i.e., a

Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) assembly or an Air Gap (AG), may be required

where chemicals can be added to the system or where the system is connected

to a nonpotable secondary water supply. These backflow preventers should be

within the building (New construction) or located in an approved insulated and

heated above grade backflow enclosure if installed on the exterior of a building.

Existing below grade facilities containing backflow preventors that had prior

approval shall be acceptable as long as those vaults (facilities) have been

adequately sized in accordance with Standard Detail FS-3.0 of this article, and

maintained free of water or other contaminants. All valves, fittings, and

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appurtenances shall be listed by Underwriters Laboratory (U.L.) or Factory

Mutual (FM).

Backflow prevention devices shall be tested and maintained in accordance with Section 9.6 of NFPA Standard No. 25, and Article 13 of this manual. SECTION 6-500 EMERGENCY ACCESS

This section specifies the minimum emergency access requirements necessary

to facilitate deployment of fire and rescue apparatus during times of emergency.

6-510 PARKING LOT SPACE

An unobstructed emergency access space at least 9 feet in width shall be

provided in front of the main entrance(s) of buildings with adjacent vehicle

parking not separated by means of a fire lane. Where parking spaces are

permitted adjacent to commercial strip shopping centers without separation by

means of fire lanes, unobstructed emergency access spaces shall be provided at

100 feet intervals. See Standard Detail FS - 4.1 and FS - 4.2

Exceptions: A. Detached single family dwelling units.

B. Townhome subdivision.

6-520 ACCESS TO REAR OF BUILDINGS Rear access requirements shall comply with the appropriate

development standard outlined in the Zoning Ordinance of the City of

Manassas.

Each lot shall have an unobstructed access to a rear service area

capable of handling emergency equipment if the lot is not otherwise

accessible via a street, driveway, or parking area. This access shall be

constructed of an all weather surface capable of supporting heavy

apparatus.

The minimum access widths permitted in any business or industrial district

shall be twenty-two (22) feet. If such access is also required to serve as a fire

lane then the minimum width shall be twenty-five (26) feet.

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6-530 ACCESS LIMITS The emergency access limit is the maximum distance a building may be

set back from the closest point of emergency vehicle access. These maximum

set back limits shall be measured from the main building entrance to the edge of

pavement, curb line or emergency access. The building height measured in feet

is the distance between the lowest level of fire department access to the floor

level of the top most habitable floor.

In townhouse developments, the maximum distance from the curb line to the

building entrance may not exceed 75 feet.

In apartment and condominium developments the maximum distance from the

curb line to the building entrance shall be 50 feet.

In buildings over three stories in height the maximum setback from the curb or

street or emergency access shall conform to the following guidelines:

Building Height Maximum Set Back 30' - 45' 50' 46' - 60' 40' 61' - 75' 30'

> 75' 20'

6-540 FIRE LANES When necessary, the City Fire Marshal shall designate fire lanes on private

streets and on private property used for commercial, industrial, educational, or

multi-family and townhouse residential purposes. The purpose of the fire lanes

shall be to prevent parking and standing in front of or adjacent to fire hydrants

and to provide clear access to buildings and fire protection equipment.

Fire lanes shall conform to the following specifications:

A. Fire lanes in commercial, residential, industrial, and educational areas shall

be a minimum of 26 feet wide. This 26 feet shall be measured perpendicularly

from the painted curb or the edge of the pavement.

B. Approved fire lane signs must meet the following specifications:

1. Metal construction, approximately 12 inches by 18 inches.

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2. Red letters on white background with 3/8 inch red trim strip around the

entire outer edge of the sign.

3. Lettering on sign to be: "NO PARKING OR STANDING FIRE LANE.”

Arrows must be on signs to point to and indicate the area designated as a

fire lane. As described by Standard Detail FS - 5.0 of this Article.

4. Lettering size to be as follows:

NO PARKING 2 inches

OR 1 inch

STANDING 2 inches

FIRE LANE 2 1/2 inches

Arrow 1 inch solid

Spacing between words to be uniform

C. Where fire lanes run through parking areas where no curbing is adjacent to it

and posting of the above approved metal signs is not practical, "NO

PARKING OR STANDING FIRE LANE" may be painted on the pavement in

letters at least two feet high.

D. Signs shall be posted at all intervals of 100 feet, with the bottom of the sign

no less than 6½ feet from the ground unless otherwise directed by the Fire

Marshal. There must be a minimum of two signs designating fire lanes, one at

each end.

E. Curbing shall be painted yellow within the limits of the fire lane and 30' on

center in front of all fire hydrants.

F. When curbing is not provided, a 6 inch wide yellow line shall be painted on

the pavement along the perimeter and within the limits of the fire lane.

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Fire Lane Parking:

Street width curb to curb One-way Traffic Two-way traffic 26 feet width No parallel parking on

either side of street No parallel parking on either side of street

27 feet to 29 feet Parallel parking on one side of street to be determined by the Fire Marshal

No parallel parking on either side of the street

30 feet to 34 feet Parallel parking allowed on both sides of street

Parallel parking on one side to be determined by the Fire Marshal

35 feet or greater Parallel parking allowed on both sides of the street

Parallel parking allowed on both sides of the street

Fire Lanes require Fire Marshal inspection and approval before final occupancy.

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SECTION 6-600 FIRE SERVICE SYSTEM DETAILS

TABLE OF CONTENTS DRAWING NO.

FIRE HYDRANT COLOR CODE .................................................................F.S-1.0

FIRE HYDRANT SETTING...........................................................................F.S-1.1

TYPICAL FIRE HYDRANT LOCATION........................................................F.S-1.2

FIRE HYDRANT MECHANICAL PROTECTION ..........................................F.S-1.3

RESTRAINED JOINT ...................................................................................F.S-2.0

DETECTOR CHECK VALVE VAULT ...........................................................F.S-3.0

TYPICAL FIRE HYDRANT ISLAND .............................................................F.S-4.0

TYPICAL EMERGENCY ACCESS SPACE..................................................F.S-4.1

EMERGENCY ACCESS SPACE CONSOLIDATION ...................................F.S-4.2

FIRE LANE SIGNS.......................................................................................F.S-5.0

FIRE HYDRANT OUT-OF-SERVICE SIGN..................................................F.S-5.1

POST INDICATOR VALVES-WALL MOUNTED ..........................................F.S-6.0

POST INDICATOR VALVES ........................................................................F.S-6.1

4/19/96

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