art 19 anatomy lecture

Anatomy

The Riace Warriors

5th C. BC Greece

(The Greeks conducted anatomical dissections.)

Early Christian fresco

Adam and Eve

1st C AD (Roman)

The Expulsion bronze relief from the Hildesheim Doors (11th C. German)

(13th Century preserved anatomical specimen: the earliest known)

Antonio Pollaiuolo’s Battle of Ten Naked Men, C. 1470, (Italian.) One of the earlier Renaissance representations of a renewed interest in anatomy:

Leonardo de Vinci

16th C. Italian

Leonardo (as we know) was one of the most committed Renaissance anatomists.

Leonardo de Vinci

16th C. Italian

Michelangelo, 16th C. Italian.

Michelangelo

Allegorical figure from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

(1508-1512)

Engraving by Vesalius,

16th C. Italian

Andreas Vesalius was an influential physician and artist who published his extensive anatomy research in the 1530’s.

Rembrandt’s The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolas Tulp (17th C. Dutch)

Thomas De Kayser (17th C. Dutch)

Japan's first recorded human dissection (1754)

Illustration from 1759 edition of Zōzu

Human anatomy (Japanese: date unknown)

Egon Shiele (1910’s Austrian)

Salvador Dali

1930’s Spanish

Lucian Freud (Contemporary British)

Marina Abramović, Nude with Skeleton, 2002/2005/2010

PECTORAL: a 3 part muscle, originating at the clavicle and the sternum, tucks under the deltoid, and ends (or inserted) onto the humerus bone.Function: Moves arm forward and across body; rotates arm inward; lowers arm from vertical position.

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES: A bundle of muscles originating on the ribs and is inserted onto the iliac crest of the pelvis. Function: forward bending flexing and twisting of the trunk.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR: a bundle of muscles that link ribs to the scapula. Function: they pull scapula downward and forward, and hold scapula against the rib cage.

RECTUS ABDOMINOUS: (The six packs.) Originates on the pubic crest and inserts onto the ribs and xiphoid process of the sternum. Function: Flexes spine.

APONEUROSIS: the flat sheet of tendons that help hold muscles and guts in place. (Watch for the places where the aponeuroses of the body can be seen from the outside.)

Remember also the STERNOMASTOID muscle of the neck.

TRAPEZIUS: a very long diamond shaped muscle. It originates on the Occipital bone of the skull to the thoracic vertebrae of the spine, and inserts onto both scapula and clavicle.Function: this muscle brings the scapulae together, moves them up and down, and draws the head backward.

LATISSIMUS DORSI: a very long muscle that wraps around the torso. It originates on the vertebra and iliac crest, and inserts on the scapula. Function: Brings the scapula together, throws back shoulders. Pulls shoulders down. (Watch for the vertical bulge on the side of the trunk).

TERES MAJOR: Scapula to Humerus; motion of the arm.

TERES MINOR: Scapula to Humerus; motion of the arm.

INFRASPINATUS: Scapula to Humerus; motion of the arm.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR: Note how this bundle of muscles tucks under the Latissimus Dorsi.

ARMS: (MEDIAL/ANTERIOR VIEW)

DELTOID: a triangle shaped muscle composed of 7 bundles. Origin on the scapula and the clavicle, inserted onto the humerus.Function: moves arm forward and backward, and elevates arm (along with the Serratus Anterior and Trapezius for this last motion).

BICEPS: A two-armed muscle, both arms originate on the scapula, and attach to the Radius.Function: bends arm at elbow.

BRACHIORADIALIS: It attaches the humerus to the radius.Function: Bends arm at elbow; while arm is bent, pronates (rotates palm down) forearm; when arm is straight, supinates (rotates palm up) forearm.

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS: Humerus and Oleocranon to the Metacarpals. Function: Bends wrist

PALMARUS LONGUS: Bends hand at wrist

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALUS: Humerus to Metacarpals. Function: Bends wrist.

ARM: (POSTERIOR VIEW)

TRICEPS: A 3-headed muscle--two heads originate at the top of the humerus, the 3rd originates at the scapula, and all 3 attach onto the ulna via a large flat tendon called the olecranon. Function: straightens the elbow.

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM: Origin: Humerus. Attachment: Phalanges. Function: Straightens fingers and hand, spreads apart the fingers.

ARMS: (LATERAL VIEW)

Note the positions of Deltoid, Triceps, Biceps, and Brachioradialis.

LEGS: (ANTERIOR VIEW) Note the “Hotdog in the Bun” configuration, including the:

RECTUS FEMORIS: One of the strongest muscles. Origin: Iliac crest. Insertion: patella.Function: straightens knee, helps to bend thigh at hip, moves thigh away from body at hip.

VASTUS LATERALIS: Femur to Patella. Function: Same as Rectus Femoris.

VASTUS MEDIALIS: Femur to Patella. Function: Same as Rectus Femoris.

Also the SARTORIUS: The longest muscle of the body. Origin: Iliac crest. Insertion: shaft of the tibia.Function: Bends thigh at hip, bends knee, moves thigh away from body, rotates thigh outward, rotates lower leg inward.

GRACILLUS: Pubis to Tibia. Function: Bends thigh at hip, bends knee, closes thigh from outstretched position.

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: Origin: tibia. Insertion: first metatarsal.Function: Raises foot, turns soles of feet toward each other.

LEGS: (POSTERIOR VIEW)

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS: Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx. Insertion: shaft of the Femur.Function: moves thighs backward, returns leg from seated to standing position, rotates leg outward, presses buttocks together.

GLUTEUS MEDIUS: Ilium to the Femur. Function: Moves leg from standing to outstretched side position.

GASTROCNEMIUS: Origin: femur, Insertion: via Achilles tendon to calcaneus (heel bone) Function: Points foot, bends knee; turns soles of feet towards each other.

SOLEUS: Fibula and Tibia via Achilles tendon to calcaneus (heel bone). Function: Same as Gastrocnemius.

SEMITENDINOSUS: Ishial tuberosity of the pelvis to the Tibia. Function: Straightens thigh backward; rotates thigh inward; bends lower leg; rotates leg inward. BICEPS FEMORIS: Femur to Fibula. Function: Straightens thigh backward; rotates thigh outward; bends knee; rotates lower leg outwards.

LEGS: (LATERAL VIEW)

GLUTEUS MEDIUS: Ilium to the Femur. Function: Moves leg from standing to outstretched side position.

VASTUS LATERALIS: Femur to Patella. Function: Same as Rectus Femoris

Note also the very long FASCIA LATA tendon that links the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS and the TENSOR FASCIA LATA all the way to the Tibia.

The Leg: MEDIAL VIEW

The Classical Farnese Hercules

Student work: diagram studies

(conte)

Student work:

Diagram studies

(graphite)

Student work: Diagram studies (graphite)

Student work:

Diagram studies

(pen and ink)

Student work:

Diagram studies

(pastel)


(conte)


(Charcoal pencil)


(Prismacolor)

Student work: diagram studies (pen and ink)

Student work:

The Man With Invisible Skin

(pastel)

Student work:


(graphite)

Student work:


(Prismacolor)

Student work:


(Brush and Ink)

Student work:


(White charcoal pencil on black paper)

Student work:


(Charcoal)

Student work:


(Conte)

Student work:


(Water-soluble Prismacolors)

Student work:


(Pastel and charcoal)

And now: a visit to the Anatomy Lab

art 19 anatomy lecture

Education