Arrays –

C programming

Reference:

AL Kelly, (2012) A Book on C,

Programming in C

Objectives

• At the end of this Training the Programmer can:

• Demonstrate the parts of an array.

• Create an array declaration.

• Demonstrate an array with initial values.

• Demonstrate the Array Subscripting procedure.

• Create Multidimensional Array

• Multidimensional Array Processing

Topic Overview

• Arrays

– Parts of an Array

– Array Characteristics

– Initializing an Array

– Subscripting

– 1D and 2D Arrays

– Array Exercise

ARRAYS

• Is also know as set.

• An array is a data type

• uses subscripted

variables

• representation of a large

number of

homogeneous values.

Dimensions of Array

One Dimensional Array or 1D Array

Two Dimensional or 2D Array

Array

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

index

tray[3] = egg

tray[0] = null

Arrays

Instead of initializing:

int grade0, grade1, grade2, grade4, grade6;

Where is grade3?

We put this into array to be

int grade[3];

[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]grade

Parts of an Array

int num[5];

Primitive datatype Integer thatsets the homogenouscharacteristic of the array

The name of the array that acts likea pointer for all array’s subscripts

This represents the number of elementsIn the array

The array declaration example.

Array Subscript

• FORMULA: An array starts with subscript 0

and ends with the array size, minus one.

Example

int num[5];

Question, what are the possible subscripts?

Array Element

• Array elements are the scalar data that make up an

array.

Index or Subscript Element

num[0] num[0] = 1

num[1] num[1] = 2

num[2] num[2] = 3

num[3] num[3] = 4

Seen at right part of the table the numbers 1-4 are the elements also known as array values

Defining the size of the array

• It is a good programming practice to

define the size of an array as symbolic

constant

• Example

#define size 10

int a[size];

Initialization of an Array

• Arrays may be a storage class automatic,

external or static, but not a register.

• Examplefloat f[5] ={0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};

This above example put initial value for subscript f[0]to 0.0, f[1]to 1.0 and so on

Initialization of an Array

If a list of initializers is shorter, then the rest of the

remaining elements are initialized to zero.

int a[100] = {0};

Initializes all the elements of a to zero.

Initialization of an Array

• If an array is declared without a size and

initialized by a series of values, it implicitly

assumes the count of the initializers is the

size of the array. Thus,

int a[ ]={2,3,5,-4};

and

int a[4]={2,3,5,-7};

are equivalent declarations.

Initialization of an Array

• This feature works with character arrays as

well.

char s[ ] = “abc”;

is equivalent to,

char s[ ] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘\0’};

Subscripting

• Let us assume that the declaration

int i, a[N];

• Has been made, where N is a symbolic constant.

• The expression a[i] can be made to refer to any element of the array by assignment of an appropriate value to the subscript ‘i’

• Where i >= 0 and i <= (N – 1).

Accessing the Array

• The standard programming idiom for processing array elements is with a for loop.

int a[N];

for(i = 0; i<N; i++){

a[i] = i;

printf(“%d\n”, i);

}

Using a for loop how can we put the numbers 1 to 10 inside a[ ] ?

Multi- Dimensional Array

Rows

Columns

int color[r] [c];

And array with 2 or more dimensions are called multi-dimensional array

[0]

[1]

[2]

[0] [1] [2]

2D array

Accessing 2D array

• 2D arrays are usually accessed by two for loops.

#define row 5

#define col 3

int a[row] [col];

for(i=0; i<row; i++){

for(j=0; j<col; j++){

a[i][j] = j

}

}

0 1 2

0 1 2

0 1 2

0 1 2

0 1 2

How can we create a 2x2 matrix assigning 1 as the element of its subscripts?

Let us have an exercise.

List of what to do.

• Demonstrate the parts of this array on the board.float percentage[3];

• Convert this redundant declaration to an array declaration.int num1, num2, num3, num4, num5;int a1, a2, a3, a4;

• Create an array declaration of the datatype char and initialize all the English alphabet letters from “a-z” inside the array.

• Given array: float decimal[] = { 2.3 , 3.4, 4.5 , 5.6};

What is the value of subscript decimal[3]?What is value of subscript decimal[0]?

Advanced Question:Given array: int num[5] = {1, 2, 3}; num[0] + num[2]?num[2] + num[4]?num[3] + num[5]?

Summary

• Demonstrate the parts of an array.

• Create an array declaration.

• Demonstrate an array with initial values.

• Demonstrate the Array subscripting procedure.

• Demonstrate array processing

• Create Multidimensional Array

• Multidimensional Array Processing

End

• Next Training

– Single Dimensional Array

– Multidimensional Array